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Pierre Leval
Pierre Nelson Leval (born September 4, 1936) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. At the time of his appointment by President Bill Clinton in 1993, he was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Early life and education Born in New York City, Leval attended The Allen-Stevenson School, and received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard College in 1959 and his Juris Doctor, ''magna cum laude'', in 1963 from Harvard Law School, where he served as a notes editor of the ''Harvard Law Review''. Career Leval served in the United States Army in 1959. He was a law clerk for Judge Henry Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1963 until 1964. Leval was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Southern District of New York from 1964 until 1968, serving there as chief appellate attorney from 1967 to 1968. From 1969 un ...
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Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United States. Each class in the three-year Juris Doctor, JD program has approximately 560 students, which is among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Aside from the JD program, Harvard also awards both Master of Laws, LLM and Doctor of Juridical Science, SJD degrees. HLS is home to the world's largest academic law library. The school has an estimated 115 full-time faculty members. According to Harvard Law's 2020 American Bar Association, ABA-required disclosures, 99% of 2019 graduates passed the bar exam.Rubino, Kathryn"Bar Passage Rates For First-time Test Takers Soars!" February 19, 2020. ...
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Title 17 Of The United States Code
In the United States Code, Title 17 outlines United States copyright law, its copyright law. It was codified into positive law on July 30, 1947. The latest version is from December 2016. * —Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright * —Copyright Ownership and Transfer * —Duration of Copyright * —Copyright Notice, Deposit, and Registration * — Copyright infringement, Infringement and Legal remedy, Remedies * —Manufacturing Requirements and Importation * —United States Copyright Office, Copyright Office * —Proceedings by Copyright Royalty Judges * —Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, Protection of Semiconductor Chip Products * —Audio Home Recording Act, Digital Audio Recording Devices and Media * —Sound Recordings and Music Videos * —Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright Protection and Management Systems * —Protection of Original Designs * —Unauthorized Use of Pre-1972 Sound Recordings * —Copyright Small Claims References External links *c ...
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United States Copyright Act Of 1976
The Copyright Act of 1976 is a United States copyright law and remains the primary basis of copyright law in the United States, as amended by several later enacted copyright provisions. The Act spells out the basic rights of copyright holders, codified the doctrine of "fair use", and for most new copyrights adopted a unitary term based on the date of the author's death rather than the prior scheme of fixed initial and renewal terms. It became Public Law number 94-553 on October 19, 1976; most parts of the law went into effect on January 1, 1978. US Register of Copyrights Barbara Ringer took an active role in drafting the statute. History and purpose Before the 1976 Act, the last major revision to statutory copyright law in the United States occurred in 1909. In deliberating the Act, Congress noted that extensive technological advances had occurred since the adoption of the 1909 Act. Television, motion pictures, sound recordings, and radio were cited as examples. The Act was d ...
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Copyright
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States and fair dealings doctrine in the United Kingdom. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights normally include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by ...
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Fair Use
Fair use is a Legal doctrine, doctrine in United States law that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from the copyright holder. Fair use is one of the limitations to copyright intended to balance the interests of copyright holders with the public interest in the wider distribution and use of creative works by allowing as a defense to copyright infringement claims certain limited uses that might otherwise be considered infringement. The U.S. "fair use doctrine" is generally broader than the "fair dealing" rights known in most countries that inherited English Common Law. The fair use right is a general exception that applies to all different kinds of uses with all types of works. In the U.S., fair use right/exception is based on a flexible proportionality test that examines the purpose of the use, the amount used, and the impact on the market of the original work. The doctrine of "fair use" originated in common law during the 18 ...
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Law Review
A law review or law journal is a scholarly journal or publication that focuses on legal issues. A law review is a type of legal periodical. Law reviews are a source of research, imbedded with analyzed and referenced legal topics; they also provide a scholarly analysis of emerging legal concepts from various topics. The primary function of a law review is to publish scholarship in the field of law. Law reviews publish lengthy, comprehensive treatments of subjects (referred to as "articles"), that are generally written by law professors, and to a lesser extent judges, or legal practitioners. The shorter pieces, attached to the articles, commonly called "notes" and "comments", often are written by law student members of the law review. Law review articles often express the thinking of specialists or experts with regard to problems, in a legal setting, with potential solutions to those problems. Historically, law review articles have been influential in the development of the law; they ...
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Harv
Bernard Harvey (born August 17, 1985), known professionally as Harv, is an American record producer, musician and songwriter from Kansas City, Kansas and based in Los Angeles. He has produced for music industry artists such as Justin Bieber, Skrillex, Cherish, Summer Walker, Normani, Post Malone, Gucci Mane, Eminem, and Omah Lay. Early years Bernard Harvey was born and raised in Kansas City, Kansas. Harv was introduced to the musical arts at the age of nine, and began playing the bass by age twelve. He attended J.C. Harmon High School (graduating in 2003) where his love for music elevated joining the marching band, jazz band and playing different types of music all around the city. He has instruction in the piano, guitar, drums, trombone, and tuba, but is best known for his mastery of the bass. In 2003, Harv's talent on the bass was recognized with a scholarship at Alabama State University where he obtained a degree in Music Technology and where he also pledged Kappa Alpha P ...
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District Attorney
In the United States, a district attorney (DA), county attorney, county prosecutor, state attorney, state's attorney, prosecuting attorney, commonwealth's attorney, or solicitor is the chief prosecutor or chief law enforcement officer representing a U.S. state in a local government area, typically a county or a group of counties. The exact scope of the office varies by state. Generally, the prosecutor is said to represent the people of the jurisdiction in the state's courts, typically in criminal matters, against defendants. District attorneys are elected in almost all states, and the role is generally partisan. This is unlike similar roles in other common law jurisdictions, where chief prosecutors are appointed based on merit and expected to be politically independent. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual suspected of breaking the state's criminal law, initiating and directing further criminal investigations, guiding an ...
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Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP (known as Cleary Gottlieb), formerly Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly & Cox and Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly, Steen & Hamilton, is an American multinational law firm headquartered at One Liberty Plaza in New York City. Known as a white shoe law firm, Cleary employs over 1,200 lawyers worldwide. History The firm was founded in 1946 when six partners from Root, Clark, Buckner & Howland left to found a firm they initially called "Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly, & Cox." One of those partners, Henry Friendly, whose name was removed from the firm's name after he was appointed as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1959. In August 2007, Manhattan federal judge Loretta Preska imposed monetary sanctions on Cleary Gottlieb for improperly trying to dissuade a witness, French-Congolese businessman Medard Mbemba, from testifying in ''Kensington International Ltd. v. Republic of Congo'', in which Kensington, which was trying to coll ...
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Assistant United States Attorney
An assistant United States attorney (AUSA) is an official career civil service position in the U.S. Department of Justice composed of lawyers working under the U.S. attorney of each U.S. federal judicial district. They represent the federal government of the United States in civil and appellate litigation and in federal criminal prosecutions. Assistant U.S. attorneys working in their office's criminal section are often called federal prosecutors. AUSAs are rarely hired directly out of law school and often have significant experience before entering the U.S. Attorney’s Office. Personnel and duties AUSAs are career civil servants. In 2008, the U.S. Department of Justice employed approximately 5,800 AUSAs. As of 2022, there were approximately 6,300 AUSAs.Jory HeckmanFederal attorneys group urges DOJ to fix pay disparity, set new policy for telework Federal News Network (January 26, 2022). The various U.S. Attorney's Offices vary significantly in size and in number of AUSAs emp ...
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Henry Friendly
Henry Jacob Friendly (July 3, 1903 – March 11, 1986) was an American jurist who served as a United States federal judge, federal circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1959 to 1986, and as the court's Chief judge (United States), chief judge from 1971 to 1973. Friendly was one of the most prominent U.S. judges of the 20th century, and his opinions are some of the most cited in federal jurisprudence. Early life Friendly was born in Elmira, New York, on July 3, 1903, the only child of a middle class German Jewish, German-Jewish family. He was descended from Southern Germany, Southern German dairy farmers in Wittelshofen, Bavaria, that had adopted the surname of ''Freundlich''. Josef Myer Freundlich (1803–1880), Friendly's great-grandfather, was a prosperous farmer whose estate burned down in 1831; after being denied help by his neighbors because he was Jewish, Josef grew affluent from livestock dealing. Heinrich Freundlich, Friendly's gr ...
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