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Photopia
''Photopia'' is a piece of literature by Adam Cadre rendered in the form of interactive fiction, and written in Inform. It has received both praise and criticism for its heavy focus on fiction rather than on interactivity. It won first place in the 1998 Interactive Fiction Competition. ''Photopia'' has few puzzles and a linear structure, allowing the player no way to alter the eventual conclusion but maintaining the illusion of non-linearity. Development Adam Cadre has stated that ''Photopia'' was heavily influenced by '' The Sweet Hereafter'', a film that prominently features a babysitter and a bus crash. He submitted ''Photopia'' to the 1998 Interactive Fiction Competition pseudonymously. He felt that his previous game '' I-0'' would inspire certain expectations in players, since in that game the playable character is a young college student who could be instructed to undress. Years later, he dropped the pretense that there was a real "Opal O'Donnell" who had submitted Phot ...
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Adam Cadre
Adam Cadre (born February 5, 1974, in Silver Spring, Maryland) is an American writer active in a number of forms—novels, screenplays, webcomics, essays—but best known for his work in interactive fiction. Biography Cadre's 1998 piece '' Photopia'' pioneered a new direction in interactive fiction, removing the puzzle and resource-management elements that had previously been dominant; it has been cited as "hugely influential to IF development" and "important to video games as a whole, to the advancement of our understanding of the interactive medium." His next IF work, 1999's '' Varicella'', won several XYZZY Awards and became the subject of academic study. His game '' 9:05'' is commonly seen as a solid entry point for people wanting to engage with interactive fiction. Chief among his non-interactive work is a novel, ''Ready, Okay!'' (2000). Lyttle Lytton Contest The ''Lyttle Lytton Contest'', run by Adam Cadre, is a diminutive derivative of the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, ...
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Inform
Inform is a programming language and design system for interactive fiction originally created in 1993 by Graham Nelson. Inform can generate programs designed for the Z-machine, Z-code or Glulx virtual machines. Versions 1 through 5 were released between 1993 and 1996. Around 1996, Nelson rewrote Inform from first principles to create version 6 (or Inform 6). Over the following decade, version 6 became reasonably stable and a popular language for writing interactive fiction. In 2006, Nelson released Inform 7 (briefly known as Natural Inform), a completely new language Natural language programming, based on principles of natural language and a new set of tools based around a book-publishing metaphor. Z-Machine and Glulx The Inform compilers translate Inform code to story files for Glulx or Z-machine, Z-code, two virtual machines designed specifically for interactive fiction. Glulx, which can support larger games, is the default. The Z-machine was originally developed by Infocom ...
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XYZZY Award For Best Story
The XYZZY Awards are the annual awards given to works of interactive fiction, serving a similar role to the Academy Awards for film. The awards were inaugurated in 1997 by Eileen Mullin, the editor of ''XYZZYnews''. Any game released during the year prior to the award ceremony is eligible for nomination to receive an award. The decision process takes place in two stages: members of the interactive fiction community nominate works within specific categories and sufficiently supported nominations become finalists within those categories. Community members then vote among the finalists, and the game receiving a plurality of votes is given the award in an online ceremony. Since 1997, the XYZZY Awards have become one of the most important events within the interactive fiction community. Together with events like the Interactive Fiction Competition and Spring Thing, the XYZZY Awards provide opportunities for the community to encourage and reward the creation and development of new work ...
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Interactive Fiction
Interactive fiction (IF) is software simulating environments in which players use text Command (computing), commands to control Player character, characters and influence the environment. Works in this form can be understood as literary narratives, either in the form of Interactive narratives or Interactive narrations. These works can also be understood as a form of video game, either in the form of an adventure game or role-playing video game, role-playing game. In common usage, the term refers to text adventures, a type of adventure game where the entire interface can be "Text mode, text-only", however, graphical text adventure games, where the text is accompanied by graphics (still images, animations or video) still fall under the text adventure category if the main way to interact with the game is by typing text. Some users of the term distinguish between interactive fiction, known as "Puzzle-free", that focuses on narrative, and "text adventures" that focus on puzzles. Due ...
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Interactive Fiction Competition
The Interactive Fiction Competition (also known as IFComp) is one of several annual competitions for works of interactive fiction. It has been held since 1995. It is intended for fairly short games, as judges are only allowed to spend two hours playing a game before deciding how many points to award it, but longer games are allowed entry. The competition has been described as the "Super Bowl" of interactive fiction. Since 2016 it is operated by the Interactive Fiction Technology Foundation (IFTF). Organization In 2016, operation of the competition was taken over by the Interactive Fiction Technology Foundation. The lead organizer 2014–2017 was Jason McIntosh, and in 2018 it was Jacqueline Ashwell. Categories Although the first competition had separate sections for Inform and TADS games, subsequent competitions have not been divided into sections and are open to games produced by any method, provided that the software used to play the game is freely available. In addition ...
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Single Player
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes. Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The ''Unreal Tournament'' series is one example of such. History The earliest video games, such as ''Tennis for Two'' (1958), ''Spacewar!'' (1962), and ''Pong'' (1972), were symmetrical games designed to be played by two players. Single-player games gained popularity only after this, with early titles such as ''Speed Race'' (1974) and ''Space Invaders'' (1978). The reason for this, according to Raph Koster, is down ...
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Manifesto Games
Manifesto Games was an Electronic commerce, ecommerce retailer of downloadable computer games, specializing in Independent video game development, independently developed games aimed at hardcore gamers. It was founded in October 2005 by Greg Costikyan and Johnny L. Wilson, former editor of ''Computer Gaming World'', and is based in New York City. The company was announced September 29, 2005. Costikyan was the company's CEO while Wilson was executive vice president for community and content. On June 23, 2009, Costikyan announced that Manifesto was closing its doors, citing the Late-2000s recession, 2008-2009 economic downturn, a lack of venture capital, and problems successfully marketing the company as a destination for independent games. According to Manifesto Games' manifesto, the company aimed to avoid the narrowness of conventional retail channels by selling a large number of games (taking advantage of The Long Tail), and allow developers to experiment technically and artisti ...
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The Sweet Hereafter (film)
''The Sweet Hereafter'' is a 1997 Canadian drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan, adapted from the 1991 novel by Russell Banks. It tells the story of a school bus accident in a small town that kills 14 children. Survivors and grieving parents file a class-action lawsuit. This proves divisive in the community and becomes tied with personal and family issues. The ensemble cast includes Ian Holm, Sarah Polley, Maury Chaykin, Bruce Greenwood, Tom McCamus, Gabrielle Rose, Arsinée Khanjian and Alberta Watson. The book was set in a small upstate New York Town. The film was set in a Canadian town, and was filmed in British Columbia and Ontario. The film score had medieval music influences and references to the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Although ''The Sweet Hereafter'' was not a box office success, it was critically acclaimed and won three awards, including the Grand Prix, at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, along with seven Genie Awards, including Best Motion Pic ...
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I-0 (video Game)
I0 or I-0 (the letter "I" followed by the digit "0", zero) may refer to: * Axiom I0, a rank-into-rank axiom in set theory * I-0 (video game), ''I-0'' (video game), a piece of interactive fiction written by Adam Cadre See also

*Io (other), IO (other) (the letter "I" followed by the letter "O") *10 (other) (the digit "1" followed by the digit "0") *1O (other) (the digit "1" followed by the letter "O") *0I (other) (the digit "0" followed by the letter "I") {{Letter-NumberCombDisambig ...
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Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files or Z-code files) and could therefore port its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform. With the large number of incompatible home computer systems in use at the time, this was an important advantage over using native code or developing a compiler for each system. History and design Nomenclature and conventions The "Z" of Z-machine stands for ''Zork'', Infocom's first adventure game. Infocom used file extensions of .dat (Data) and .zip (ZIP = Z-machine Interpreter Program), but the latter clashed with the widespread use of .zip for PKZIP-compatible archive files starting in the 1990s, after Activision had closed Infocom. Infocom produced six versions of the Z-machine. Files using versions 1 a ...
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