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Phospholipase C
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, which play an important role in eukaryotic cell physiology, in particular signal transduction pathways. Phospholipase C's role in signal transduction is its cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which serve as second messengers. Activators of each PLC vary, but typically include heterotrimeric G protein subunits, protein tyrosine kinases, small G proteins, Ca2+, and phospholipids. There are thirteen kinds of mammalian phospholipase C that are classified into six isotypes (β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η) according to structure. Each PLC has unique and overlapping controls over expression and subcellular distribution. However, PLC is not limited to mammals, and is present in bacteria a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phospholipases2
A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C, and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze: *Phospholipase A **Phospholipase A1, Phospholipase A1 – cleaves the ''sn''-1 Acyl group, acyl chain (where ''sn'' refers to Glycerophospholipid#Nomenclature and stereochemistry, stereospecific numbering). **Phospholipase A2, Phospholipase A2 – cleaves the ''sn''-2 Acyl group, acyl chain, releasing arachidonic acid. *Phospholipase B – cleaves both ''sn''-1 and ''sn''-2 Acyl group, acyl chains; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase. *Phospholipase C – cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diglyceride, diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. Phospholipase C, PLCs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate. *Phospholipase D – cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCB3
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLCB3'' gene. The gene codes for the enzyme phospholipase C β3. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals. This enzyme is activated by two G-protein alpha subunits, alpha-q and alpha-11, as well as G-beta gamma subunits. Interactions PLCB3 has been shown to interact with Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory cofactor 2 Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF2 (NHERF-2) also known as tyrosine kinase activator protein 1 (TKA-1) or SRY-interacting protein 1 (SIP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC9A3R2'' (solute carrier family 9 isof .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clostridium Perfringens Alpha Toxin
''Clostridium'' is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria. Species of ''Clostridium'' inhabit soils and the intestinal tracts of animals, including humans. This genus includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agents of botulism and tetanus. It also formerly included an important cause of diarrhea, '' Clostridioides difficile'', which was reclassified into the '' Clostridioides'' genus in 2016. History In the late 1700s, Germany experienced several outbreaks of an illness connected to eating specific sausages. In 1817, the German neurologist Justinus Kerner detected rod-shaped cells in his investigations into this so-called sausage poisoning. In 1897, the Belgian biology professor Emile van Ermengem published his finding of an endospore-forming organism he isolated from spoiled ham. Biologists classified van Ermengem's discovery along with other known gram-positive spore formers in the genus '' Bacillus''. This classification presented prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCL2 '', a 1990s television series
{{disambiguation ...
PLCL may refer to: * Park Lane College Leeds, a former British further education college, now part of Leeds City College * ''Parker Lewis Can't Lose ''Parker Lewis Can't Lose'' (rebranded simply as ''Parker Lewis'' for the third and final season) is an American teen sitcom that originally aired on Fox from September 1990 to June 1993. It was produced by Clyde Phillips Productions, in asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCH2
PLCH may stand for: * Plch, a municipality in the Czech Republic * The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, a public library system in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States * Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, a type of interstitial lung disease * Cassidy International Airport, an airport with the ICAO airport code PLCH {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCD4
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLCD4'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EC 3.1.4 EF-hand-containing proteins {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCD3
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLCD3'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Diacylglycerol and IP3 mediate a variety of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli by inducing protein kinase C and increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. This enzyme localizes to the plasma membrane and requires calcium for activation. Its activity is inhibited by spermine, sphingosine, and several phospholipid Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typ ...s. References Further reading * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLCD1
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLCD1'' gene. PLCd1 is essential to maintain homeostasis of the skin. See also Phospholipase C Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, which play an important role i ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links WikiGenes entry for PLCD1 EC 3.1.4 EF-hand-containing proteins {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
