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Peytoia
''Peytoia'' is a genus of hurdiid radiodont, an early diverging order of stem-group arthropods, that lived in the Cambrian period, containing two species, ''Peytoia nathorsti'' from the Miaolingian of Canada and '' Peytoia infercambriensis'' from Poland, dating to Cambrian Stage 3. Its two frontal appendages had long bristle-like spines, it had no fan tail, and its short stalked eyes were behind its large head. 108 specimens of ''Peytoia'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.21% of the community. ''Peytoia nathorsti'' and its junior synonym ''Laggania cambria'' played a major role in the discovery of the radiodont body plan. Initially interpreted as a jellyfish and a sea cucumber respectively, they were eventually shown to be the mouthparts and body of a single animal, which bore ''Anomalocaris''-like appendages. ''Peytoia infercambriensis'' is the geologically oldest known radiodont species. Classification ''Peytoia'' belongs to the clade Hurd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiodont
Radiodonta is an extinct order of stem-group arthropods that was successful worldwide during the Cambrian period. Radiodonts are distinguished by their distinctive frontal appendages, which are morphologically diverse and were used for a variety of functions. Radiodonts were among the earliest large predators, but they also included sediment sifters and filter feeders. Some of the most famous species of radiodonts are the Cambrian taxa ''Anomalocaris canadensis'', '' Hurdia victoria'', ''Peytoia nathorsti'', '' Titanokorys gainesi, Cambroraster falcatus'' and '' Amplectobelua symbrachiata''. The later surviving members include the subfamily Aegirocassisinae from the Early Ordovician of Morocco and the Early Devonian member '' Schinderhannes bartelsi'' from Germany. Etymology The name Radiodonta (Latin for ''radius'' "spoke of a wheel" and Greek for ''odoús'' "tooth") refers to the radial arrangement of tooth plates (oral cone) surrounding the mouth, although this feature is su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomalocaris
''Anomalocaris'' (from Ancient Greek , meaning "unlike", and , meaning "shrimp", with the intended meaning "unlike other shrimp") is an extinct genus of radiodont, an order of early-diverging stem-group marine arthropods. It is best known from the type species ''A. canadensis,'' found in the Stephen Formation (particularly the Burgess Shale) of British Columbia, Canada. The other named species ''A. daleyae'' is known from the somewhat older Emu Bay Shale of Australia. Other unnamed ''Anomalocaris'' species are known from China and the United States. Like other radiodonts, ''Anomalocaris'' had swimming flaps running along its body, large compound eyes, and a single pair of segmented, frontal appendages, which in ''Anomalocaris'' were used to grasp prey. Estimated to reach long excluding the frontal appendages and tail fan, ''Anomalocaris'' is one of the largest animals of the Cambrian, and thought to be one of the earliest examples of an apex predator, though others have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peytoia Infercambriensis
''Peytoia infercambriensis'' is a species of Hurdiidae, hurdiid radiodont in the genus ''Peytoia''. ''P. infercambriensis'' is the geologically oldest known radiodont; its remains date to the Cambrian Stage 3, third age of the Cambrian. The type and only known specimen, a partial appendage, was found in a core sample from a borehole nearly five kilometers deep in northern Poland. ''P. infercambriensis'' was previously regarded as belonging to a separate genus, ''Cassubia'', named after the historical region of Kashubia in which the specimen was found, but ''Cassubia'' is now considered a junior synonym of ''Peytoia''. History of study Discovery and naming The holotype—and only—specimen was recovered from the Kościerzyna borehole, in the Cambrian Stage 3 aged Zawiszyn Formation. It was found in the Fallotaspis Zone making it older than the Chengjiang biota. It was described by Kazimiera Lendzion in 1975 and given the name ''Pomerania infercambriensis'', in reference to its L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdiid
Hurdiidae (synonymous with the previously named Peytoiidae) is an extinct cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of radiodonts, a group of Crown group#Stem groups, stem-group marine arthropods, which lived during the Paleozoic Era. It is the most long-lived radiodont clade, lasting from the Cambrian period to the Devonian period. Description File:20191213 Radiodonta frontal appendage Hurdiidae.png, Anatomy of the frontal appendage of a hurdiid File:20191229 Radiodonta frontal appendage Hurdiidae.png, Frontal appendages of various species of hurdiid File:20200803 Radiodonta Hurdiidae H-element.png, Dorsal carapaces of various species of hurdiid Hurdiidae is characterized by Radiodonta#Frontal appendage, frontal appendages with distal region composed of 5 subequal blade-like endites, alongside the enlarged head carapaces and tetraradial mouthpart (Radiodonta#Oral cone, oral cone). The Radiodonta#Frontal appendage, frontal appendages of hurdiids have a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsospongia
''Capsospongia'', formerly known as ''Corralia'' or ''Corralio'', is a middle Cambrian sponge genus known from 3 specimens in the Burgess shale. Its type and only species is ''Capsospongia undulata''. It has a narrow base, and consists of bulging rings which get wider further up the sponge, resulting in a conical shape. Its open top was presumably used to expel water that had passed through the sponge cells and been filtered for nutrients. Like most sponges, ''Capsospoingia'' had a spicular skeleton; long spicules parallel to the growth direction formed columns which were connected by shorter lateral spicules. History ''Capsospongia undulata'' was named in 1920 by Charles Walcott as ''Corralia undulata''. However, the name was preoccupied by ''Corralia'' Roewer, 1913, a member of Opiliones. In 1955, de Laubenfels renamed the genus ''Corralio'', adopting an incorrect spelling of ''Corralia'' Walcott had used. In 1986 Keith Rigby established the new genus ''Capsospongia'' for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marjum Formation
The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. It is named after its type locality, Marjum Pass, and was defined in 1908. The formation is known for its occasional preservation of soft-bodied tissue, and is slightly younger than the Burgess Shale, falling in the ''Ptychagnostus praecurrens'' trilobite zone. Fossil content Ambulacrarians Arthropods Chancelloriids Chordates Cnidarians Moon, Caron & Moysiuk (2023) considered these fossils would be ctenophores instead. Ctenophores Lophotrochozoans Scalidophorans Sponges See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Utah * Paleontology in Utah References {{reflist Cambrian geology of Utah Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits Limestone formations of the United States Shale formations of the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdia
''Hurdia'' is an extinct genus of Hurdiidae, hurdiid radiodont that lived 505 million years ago during the Cambrian Period. Fossils have been found in North America, China, and the Czech Republic. Taxonomic history ''Hurdia'' was named in 1912 by Charles Doolittle Walcott, Charles Walcott, with two species, the type species ''H. victoria'' and a referred species, ''H. triangulata''. The genus name refers to Mount Hurd. It is possible that Walcott had described a specimen the year prior as ''Amiella'', but the specimen is too fragmentary to identify with certainty, so ''Amiella'' is a ''nomen dubium''. Walcott's original specimens consisted only of H-elements of the frontal carapace, which he interpreted as being the carapace of an unidentified type of crustacean. P-elements of the carapace were described as a separate genus, ''Proboscicaris'', in 1962. In 1996, then-curator of the Royal Ontario Museum Desmond H. Collins erected the taxon Radiodonta to encompass ''Anomalocaris'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheeler Formation
The Wheeler Shale (named by Charles Doolittle Walcott, Charles Walcott) is a Cambrian ( 507 Annum, Ma) fossil locality world-famous for prolific agnostid and ''Elrathia kingii'' trilobite remains (even though many areas are barren of fossils) and represents a Lagerstätte, Konzentrat-Lagerstätte. Varied soft bodied organisms are locally preserved, a fauna (including ''Naraoia'', ''Wiwaxia'' and ''Hallucigenia'') and preservation style (Burgess shale type preservation, carbonaceous film) normally associated with the more famous Burgess Shale. As such, the Wheeler Shale also represents a Lagerstätte, Konservat-Lagerstätten. Together with the Marjum Formation and lower Weeks Formation, the Wheeler Shale forms of limestone and shale exposed in one of the thickest, most fossiliferous and best exposed sequences of Middle Cambrian rocks in North America. At the type locality of Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, Millard County, Utah, Millard County, western Utah, the Whee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllocarida
Phyllocarida is a subclass of crustaceans, comprising the extant order Leptostraca and the extinct orders Hymenostraca and Archaeostraca. This clade of marine crustaceans diversified extensively during the Ordovician. See also *'' Ceratiocaris'' *'' Cinerocaris'' *''Vladicaris ''Vladicaris'' is an arthropod known from the Lower Cambrian Paseky Shale member, Czech Republic, where it occurs alongside other arthropods, namely '' Kodymirus vagans'' and ''Kockurus grandis''. It has been attributed to the Crustacea, and if i ...'' References External links Malacostraca Arthropod subclasses Paleozoic crustaceans Mesozoic crustaceans Cenozoic crustaceans Extant Cambrian first appearances Taxa described in 1879 Taxa named by Alpheus Spring Packard {{Malacostraca-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of '' Tiktaalik'' in the arctic of Canada. Paleontology includes the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are sometimes considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mineralization (biology)
Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened '' mineralized tissues''. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon: all six taxonomic kingdoms contain members that can form minerals, and over 60 different minerals have been identified in organisms. Examples include silicates in algae and diatoms, carbonates in invertebrates, and calcium phosphates and carbonates in vertebrates. These minerals often form structural features such as sea shells and the bone in mammals and birds. Organisms have been producing mineralized skeletons for the past 550 million years. Calcium carbonates and calcium phosphates are usually crystalline, but silica organisms (such as sponges and diatoms) are always non-crystalline minerals. Other examples include copper, iron, and gold deposits involving bacteria. Biologically formed minerals often have special uses such as magnetic sensors in magnetota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
