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Pantodontidae
Pantodontidae is a Family (biology), family of ray-finned fish in the order Osteoglossiformes. It contains the living freshwater butterflyfish (''Pantodon buchholzi'') of Africa, as well as several extinct marine species from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon. Taxonomy The Cretaceous marine pantodontids are among the earliest known marine Osteoglossomorpha, osteoglossomorph genera. They physically differ greatly from ''Pantodon'', to the extent that some of them were previously considered either ancestral Codlet, codlets or crestfish, but they all share specific cranial elements with the extant ''Pantodon'', supporting their relationship to it. They seem to form a grade leading to the extant ''Freshwater butterflyfish, Pantodon'', where ''Capassopiscis'' appears to be the most Basal (phylogenetics), basal genus, while ''Palaeopantodon'' appears to be the Sister group, sister genus to ''Pantodon'', with the rest occupying successive positions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sannine Formation
The Sannine Formation, also called the Sannine Limestone, is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Lebanon. It is a Konservat-Lagerstätte that contains a high diversity of well-preserved fish, reptiles, and invertebrates from the Tethys Ocean within its three main localities: Haqel (alternatively Hakel or Haqil), Hjoula (alternatively Hadjoula, Hajoula, or Hgula), and Nammoura (alternatively Namoura). It is one of three major Cretaceous lagerstätte in Lebanon, alongside the older (Barremian-aged) Lebanese amber and the younger (Santonian-aged) Sahel Aalma site. The Sannine Formation localities, combined with Sahel Alma, are together referred to as the "Fish Beds" of Lebanon. Description It is primarily Cenomanian in age, with Haqel and Hjoula being late Cenomanian, while the slightly older Nammoura site is middle Cenomanian. Although Lebanon is now a part of Asia, the depositional environment for both formations would have been located off the coast of northern Africa during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Butterflyfish
The freshwater butterflyfish or African butterflyfish (''Pantodon buchholzi'') is a species of osteoglossiform fish native to freshwater habitats in the Niger and Congo basins of western and central Africa. It is the only extant species in the family Pantodontidae. It is not closely related to saltwater butterflyfishes. Evolution The freshwater butterflyfish is the last surviving member of a family that was diverse during the Late Cretaceous period, with many pantodontid genera known from the Cenomanian-aged Sannine Formation of Lebanon. These early pantodontids inhabited a marine environment off the coast of northern Africa and are the earliest known marine osteoglossomorphs, suggesting that the ancestors of ''Pantodon'' colonized freshwater habitats independently of other osteoglossiforms. These Cretaceous marine pantodontids appear to vary in their relation to the extant genus; of them, the closest relative and sister genus to ''Pantodon'' appears to be '' Palaeopanto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossiformes , meaning "bony tongues" in Ancient Greek, is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. In 2008, several new species of marine osteoglossiforms were described from the Danish Eocene Fur Formation, dramatically increasing the diversity of this group. This implies that the Osteoglossomorpha is not a primary freshwater fish group with the osteoglossiforms having a typical Gondwana distribution. The Gymnarchidae (the only species being '' Gymnarchus niloticus'', the African knifefish) and the Mormyridae are weakly electric fish able to sense their prey using electric fields. The mooneyes (Hiodontidae) are often classified here, but may also be placed in a separate order, Hiodontiformes. Members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Butterflyfish
The freshwater butterflyfish or African butterflyfish (''Pantodon buchholzi'') is a species of osteoglossiform fish native to freshwater habitats in the Niger and Congo basins of western and central Africa. It is the only extant species in the family Pantodontidae. It is not closely related to saltwater butterflyfishes. Evolution The freshwater butterflyfish is the last surviving member of a family that was diverse during the Late Cretaceous period, with many pantodontid genera known from the Cenomanian-aged Sannine Formation of Lebanon. These early pantodontids inhabited a marine environment off the coast of northern Africa and are the earliest known marine osteoglossomorphs, suggesting that the ancestors of ''Pantodon'' colonized freshwater habitats independently of other osteoglossiforms. These Cretaceous marine pantodontids appear to vary in their relation to the extant genus; of them, the closest relative and sister genus to ''Pantodon'' appears to be '' Palaeopanto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantodon Buchholzi
The freshwater butterflyfish or African butterflyfish (''Pantodon buchholzi'') is a species of osteoglossiform fish native to freshwater habitats in the Niger and Congo basins of western and central Africa. It is the only extant species in the family Pantodontidae. It is not closely related to saltwater butterflyfishes. Evolution The freshwater butterflyfish is the last surviving member of a family that was diverse during the Late Cretaceous period, with many pantodontid genera known from the Cenomanian-aged Sannine Formation of Lebanon. These early pantodontids inhabited a marine environment off the coast of northern Africa and are the earliest known marine osteoglossomorphs, suggesting that the ancestors of ''Pantodon'' colonized freshwater habitats independently of other osteoglossiforms. These Cretaceous marine pantodontids appear to vary in their relation to the extant genus; of them, the closest relative and sister genus to ''Pantodon'' appears to be '' Palaeopantodon' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoglossomorpha
Osteoglossomorpha is a group of bony fish in the Teleostei. Notable members A notable member is the arapaima (''Arapaima gigas''), the largest freshwater fish in South America and one of the largest bony fishes alive. Other notable members include the bizarre freshwater elephantfishes of family Mormyridae. Systematics Most osteoglossomorph lineages are extinct today. Only the somewhat diverse "bone-tongues" (Osteoglossiformes) and two species of mooneyes (Hiodontiformes) remain. The ichthyodectiform fishes from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were once classified as osteoglossomorphs, but are now generally recognized as stem teleosts. Basal and ''incertae sedis'' (Extinct) * Genus †'' Coriops'' Estes, 1969 (possible hiodontid affinities) * Genus †'' Harenaichthys'' Kim ''et al.'', 2022 * Genus †'' Paralycoptera'' Chang & Chou, 1977 * Genus †'' Jinanichthys'' Ma & Sun 1988 Liaoxiichthys.html" ;"title="'Liaoxiichthys">'Liaoxiichthys'' Su 1992* Genus †''Joffri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantanodontidae
Pantanodontidae, the spine killifishes, is a family of killifish in the suborder Cyprinodontoidei. It is the most basal member of the suborder, being the sister to all other members of the clade. It contains about 13 species in 4 genera which are native to freshwater and estuarine habitats of East Africa, including at least formerly Madagascar. In addition, several fossil members of this group are known to have inhabited Europe. Many species have extremely small ranges and some are likely extinct. The following genera are known: * '' Aliteranodon'' Meinema & Huber, 2023 * '' Eremodon'' Huber & Meinema, 2024 * †'' Malagodon'' Meinema & Huber, 2023 (extinct ca. 1990s) * '' Pantanodon'' G. S. Myers, 1955 The fossil genus †'' Paralebias'' Gaudant, 2013 is known from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Europe. It is sometimes synonymized with '' Pantanodon'', although this was done prior to the splitting up of the genus. ''Paralebias'' itself may be polyphyletic A pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleostei Families
Teleostei (; Greek ''teleios'' "complete" + ''osteon'' "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (), is, by far, the largest group of ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii), with 96% of all extant species of fish. The Teleostei, which is variously considered a division or an infraclass in different taxonomic systems, include over 26,000 species that are arranged in about 40 orders and 448 families. Teleosts range from giant oarfish measuring or more, and ocean sunfish weighing over , to the minute male anglerfish ''Photocorynus spiniceps'', just long. Including not only torpedo-shaped fish built for speed, teleosts can be flattened vertically or horizontally, be elongated cylinders or take specialised shapes as in anglerfish and seahorses. The difference between teleosts and other bony fish lies mainly in their jaw bones; teleosts have a movable premaxilla and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature which make it possible for them to protrude their jaws o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
