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Pamela Jones
Pamela Jones, commonly known as PJ, is the creator and was editor of ''Groklaw'', a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open-source software community. Jones is an open source advocate who previously trained and worked as a paralegal. Jones' articles have appeared in ''Linux Journal'', LWN, ''LinuxWorld Magazine'', ''Linux Today'', and LinuxWorld.com. She also wrote a monthly opinion column for the UK print publication '' Linux User and Developer''. She is one of the contributors to the book ''Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution''. In 2010, the Electronic Frontier Foundation awarded the Pioneer award to ''"Pamela Jones and the Groklaw Website"'' for ''"Legal Blogging"''. Grok projects Groklaw Jones had a website, Groklaw, which covered open source legal issues, notably the SCO–Linux disputes. The website started as a blog but grew from there. Groklaw covered the various lawsuits involving the SCO Group in detail but also covered gener ...
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Groklaw
''Groklaw'' was a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open source software community. Started as a law blog on May 16, 2003, by paralegal Pamela Jones ("PJ"), it covered issues such as the SCO-Linux lawsuits, the EU antitrust case against Microsoft, and the standardization of Office Open XML. Jones described ''Groklaw'' as "a place where lawyers and geeks could explain things to each other and work together, so they'd understand each other's work better". Its name derives from " grok", roughly meaning "to understand completely", which had previously entered geek slang. Other topics covered included software patents, DMCA, the actions of the RIAA against alleged illegal file sharers, and actions against free and open software such as Android and Linux. Origins According to a 2003 interview with Jones, the blog was started to cover legal news and to explain it to the tech community. The first article, titled "The Grokster Decision – Ode To Thomas J ...
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Lavabit
Lavabit is an open-source encrypted webmail service, founded in 2004. The service suspended its operations on August 8, 2013, after the U.S. Federal Government ordered it to turn over its Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) private keys, in order to allow the government to spy on Edward Snowden's email.Edward Snowden’s E-Mail Provider Defied FBI Demands to Turn Over Crypto Keys, Documents Show
''Wired''
Lavabit's owner and operator, Ladar Levison, announced on January 20, 2017, that Lavabit would start operating again, using the new Dark Internet Mail Environment (DIME), which is an end-to-end

Access To Knowledge Activists
Access may refer to: Companies and organizations * ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network * Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom * Access Co., a Japanese software company * Access International Advisors, a hedge fund * AirCraft Casualty Emotional Support Services * Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services * Access, the Alphabet division containing Google Fiber * Access, the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority's paratransit service Sailing * Access 2.3, a sailing keelboat * Access 303, a sailing keelboat * Access Liberty, a sailing keelboat Television * ''Access Hollywood'', formerly ''Access'', an American entertainment newsmagazine * ''Access'' (British TV programme), a British entertainment television programme * ''Access'' (Canadian TV series), a Canadian television series (1974–1982) * Access TV, a former Canadian educational television channel (1973–2011) * Access Television Network, an American infomer ...
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Year Of Birth Missing (living People)
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons a ...
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Linux People
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses and recommends the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the use and impo ...
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Computer Law Scholars
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as ''programs'', which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system, software, and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control systems, including simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, and factory devices like industrial robots. Computers are at the core of general-purpose devices such as personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which links billions of computers ...
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SCO V
SCO or sco may refer to: Businesses and organizations * Santa Cruz Operation, a company founded in 1979 that existed under that name until 2001 * SCO Group, a software company formerly called Caldera International and Caldera Systems ** SCO OpenServer (formerly SCO Unix), an operating system made by the above companies * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, a Eurasian inter-governmental political, economic, and security organization * Society of Canadian Ornithologists * Southern College of Optometry in Memphis, Tennessee * Special Communications Organization, a Pakistani telecommunication company * The ICAO airline code for Scoot Orchestras * Scottish Chamber Orchestra * Singapore Chinese Orchestra * Swedish Chamber Orchestra Science and technology * Scorpius, abbreviation for the constellation * Self-checkout machines, automated alternatives to traditional cashier-staffed checkout at retailers * Single cell oil, a type of oil produced by a microbe * Synchronous Connecti ...
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Understanding Comics
''Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art'' is a 1993 non-fiction work of comics by American cartoonist Scott McCloud. It explores formal aspects of comics, the historical development of the medium, its fundamental vocabulary, and various ways in which these elements have been used. It expounds theoretical ideas about comics as an art form and medium of communication, and is itself written in comic book form. ''Understanding Comics'' received praise from notable comic and graphic novel authors such as Art Spiegelman, Will Eisner, Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman, and Garry Trudeau (who reviewed the book for ''The New York Times''). Although the book has prompted debate over many of McCloud's conclusions, its discussions of "iconic" art and the concept of "closure" between panels have become common reference points in discussions of the medium. The title of ''Understanding Comics'' is an homage to Marshall McLuhan's seminal 1964 work '' Understanding Media''. Publication history Excer ...
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Scott McCloud
Scott McCloud (born Scott McLeod; June 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist and comics theorist. His non-fiction books about comics, ''Understanding Comics'' (1993), '' Reinventing Comics'' (2000), and '' Making Comics'' (2006), are made in comic form. He became established as a comics creator in the 1980s as an independent superhero cartoonist and advocate for creator's rights. He rose to prominence in the industry beginning in the 1990s for his non-fiction works about the medium; he has advocated for the use of new technology in the creation and distribution of comics. Early life McCloud was born in 1960McCloud, Scott. (2000), ''Reinventing Comics''. Paradox Press. p. 92 in Boston the youngest child of Willard Wise (a blind inventor and engineer) and Patricia Beatrice McLeod. He grew up mostly in Lexington, Massachusetts. He decided he wanted to be a comics artist in 1975, during his junior year in high school. He attended an illustration program at Syracuse University in Sy ...
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Linux
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and library (computing), libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. List of Linux distributions, Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free ...
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Grokline
''Groklaw'' was a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open source software community. Started as a law blog on May 16, 2003, by paralegal Pamela Jones ("PJ"), it covered issues such as the SCO-Linux lawsuits, the EU antitrust case against Microsoft, and the standardization of Office Open XML. Jones described ''Groklaw'' as "a place where lawyers and geeks could explain things to each other and work together, so they'd understand each other's work better". Its name derives from "grok", roughly meaning "to understand completely", which had previously entered geek slang. Other topics covered included software patents, DMCA, the actions of the RIAA against alleged illegal file sharers, and actions against free and open software such as Android and Linux. Origins According to a 2003 interview with Jones, the blog was started to cover legal news and to explain it to the tech community. The first article, titled "The Grokster Decision – Ode To Thomas Jeff ...
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