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Paeroa Fault
The Paeroa Fault is a seismically active area in the Taupō District, Waikato, Waikato Region of the central North Island of New Zealand. Geology North of Lake Taupō, volcanic ignimbrite at least thick, and called the Paeroa Ignimbrite (dated to 339 ± 5 ) is exposed along the very steep fault scarp of the Paeroa Fault that defines the western flank of the high Paeroa Range. The Paeroa Ignimbrite appears to have been erupted from a linear vent alignment parallel to the current Paeroa Range and fault. This fault area of the Taupo Rift is displacing at a rate of /year. At the north eastern end of the fault is the geothermally active Maungaongaonga volcano that with the fault defines the far south western border of the :Okataina Volcanic Centre, Ōkataina Volcanic Centre. The Ngapouri-Rotomahana Fault too extends to the Ōkataina Caldera and is a splay from the Paeroa Fault. The southern portion of the fault is associated with the raised Paeroa Fault block immediately to its e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paeroa
Paeroa is a town in the Hauraki District of the Waikato Region in the North Island of New Zealand. Located at the base of the Coromandel Peninsula, it is close to the junction of the Waihou River and Ohinemuri River, and is approximately 20 kilometres (12.4 miles) south of the Firth of Thames. New Zealanders know the town for its mineral springs, which in the past provided the water used in a local soft drink, "Lemon & Paeroa". The town stands at the intersection of State Highways 2 and 26, and is the central service location for the Hauraki District. The town is about half way between Auckland and Tauranga, and acts as the southern gateway to the Coromandel Peninsula, and as the western gateway to the Karangahake Gorge and the Bay of Plenty. Etymology One can gloss the Māori-language name ''Paeroa'' as composed of ''pae'' (ridge) and ''roa'' (long). Demographics Paeroa covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1. It is considered by some to be an interglacial period within the Pleistocene Epoch, called the Flandrian interglacial.Oxford University Press – Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (book) – "Holocene Humanity" section https://books.google.com/books?id=7P0_sWIcBNsC The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horohoro Fault
The Horohoro Fault is in the old Taupō Rift of the central North Island of New Zealand and is associated with the spectacular Horohoro cliffs. Geology Just south of Lake Rotorua, Horohoro mountain, a rhyolite dome, has very high cliffs in an apparent fault scarp that defines the western edge of the lower lying Paeroa Garben and its northern Kapenga Caldera. The Paeroa Garben's eastern edge is defined by the Paeroa Fault. The cliffs are composed of Mamaku ignimbrite from the Rotorua Caldera eruption and older ignimbrites and Rotorua rhyolite. This fault area of the Taupō Rift is controversial as the components of historic tectonic and volcanic contribution have led to debate. Some authors have also extended and widened the definition of the Ngakuru Graben, which is to the south, during this debate. The northern portion of the fault for the last 20,000 years is displacing at a low rate of up to 0.2 mm/yr but it is unknown if the southern portion is active. The far north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkataina Caldera
Ōkataina Caldera (Ōkataina Volcanic Centre, also spelled Okataina) is a massive, recently active volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It is just east of the smaller Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It is best known for its high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism although its last eruption was basaltic. Confusingly the postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it, has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex. Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera have replaced this classification. Geography The caldera covers an area of about , stretching from Lake Rotoehu in the north to Lake Rotomahana in the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maungaongaonga
Maungaongaonga is an high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. The area of the mountain is a scenic reserve and some of its southern slopes are highly geothermally active. Geography Maungaongaonga is located at the far western border of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. To the east across the Hakereteke stream valley (historically called Kerosene creek) is the slightly lower but more striking Maunga Kākaramea or Rainbow mountain which is often steaming from its geothermal field. To the North west is the still active Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley. The main peak of the volcano has at about to its south a large extrusion dome (trig B27G) that is high. Also to the south, about the level, are pumice raft blocks on the valley margins, as for a period following the Taupo eruption of 232 CE the whole area of lowland extending towards Taupo and the present Waikato River was a lake. Geology There have been quite large hydrother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignimbrite
Ignimbrite is a type of volcanic rock, consisting of hardened tuff. Ignimbrites form from the deposits of pyroclastic flows, which are a hot suspension of particles and gases flowing rapidly from a volcano, driven by being denser than the surrounding atmosphere. New Zealand geologist Patrick Marshall (1869-1950) coined the term ''ignimbrite'' from the Latin ''igni-'' ireand ''imbri-'' ain Ignimbrites are made of a very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash (or tuff when lithified) and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments. The ash is composed of glass shards and crystal fragments. Ignimbrites may be loose and unconsolidated, or lithified (solidified) rock called lapilli-tuff. Near the volcanic source, ignimbrites often contain thick accumulations of lithic blocks, and distally, many show meter-thick accumulations of rounded cobbles of pumice. Ignimbrites may be white, grey, pink, beige, brown, or black depending on their composition and density. Many pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Taupō
Lake Taupō (also spelled Taupo; mi, Taupō-nui-a-Tia or ) is a large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of the Taupō Volcano. The lake is the namesake of the town of Taupō, which sits on a bay in the lake's northeastern shore. With a surface area of , it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray in Papua New Guinea. Motutaiko Island lies in the southeastern area of the lake. Lake Taupō has a perimeter of approximately and a maximum depth of . It is drained by the Waikato River (New Zealand's longest river), and its main tributaries are the Waitahanui River, the Tongariro River, and the Tauranga Taupō River. It is a noted trout fishery with stocks of introduced brown and rainbow trout. The level of the lake is controlled by Mercury Energy, the owner of the eight hydroelectric dams on the Waikato River downstream of Lake Taupō, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taupō District
Taupō District is a territorial authority district in New Zealand. It covers 6,333 km² of land, and a further 610 km² of lake area, including Lake Taupō, New Zealand's largest lake, and Lake Rotoaira. The district stretches from the small town of Mangakino in the northwest to the Tongariro National Park in the south, and east into the Kaingaroa Forest. The district's population is largely located in the two main centres, Taupō and Tūrangi. Local government The district is governed by Taupō District Council. The vast majority of the district also falls within the jurisdiction of Waikato Regional Council, although parts are within the jurisdiction of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council and Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, and a tiny sliver is within the territory of the Hawke's Bay Regional Council. History Little is known about early Māori settlement near Taupō, although Ngāti Tūwharetoa have been the main iwi of the area for several hundred ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taupō Volcanic Zone
The Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is a volcanic area in the North Island of New Zealand that has been active for the past two million years and is still highly active. Mount Ruapehu marks its south-western end and the zone runs north-eastward through the Taupō and Rotorua areas and offshore into the Bay of Plenty. It is part of the larger Central Volcanic Region that extends further westward through the western Bay of Plenty to the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula and has been active for four million years. At Taupō the rift volcanic zone is widening east–west at the rate of about 8 mm per year while at Mount Ruapehu it is only 2–4 mm per year but this increases at the north eastern end at the Bay of Plenty coast to 10–15 mm per year. It is named after Lake Taupō, the flooded caldera of the largest volcano in the zone, the Taupō Volcano and contains a large central volcanic plateau as well as other landforms associated with its containing tecton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
