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Orthogermanate
In chemistry, germanate is a compound containing an oxyanion of germanium. In the naming of inorganic compounds it is a suffix that indicates a polyatomic anion with a central germanium atom, for example potassium hexafluorogermanate, K2GeF6.Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier Germanate oxy compounds Germanium is similar to silicon forming many compounds with tetrahedral units although it can also exhibit 5 and 6 coordination. Analogues of all the major types of silicates and aluminosilicates have been prepared. For example, the compounds Mg2GeO4 (olivine and spinel forms), CaGeO3(perovskite structure), Be2GeO4 (phenakite structure) show the resemblance to the silicates.Encyclopedia of alkaline earth compounds R.C Ropp, Elsevier 2013 BaGe4O9 has a complex structure containing 4 and 6 coordinate germanium. Germanates are important for geoscience as they possess similar structures to silicates and can be used as analogues for studying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanate Ion
In chemistry, germanate is a compound containing an oxyanion of germanium. In the naming of inorganic compounds it is a suffix that indicates a polyatomic ion, polyatomic anion with a central germanium atom, for example potassium hexafluorogermanate, K2GeF6.Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier Germanate oxy compounds Germanium is similar to silicon forming many compounds with tetrahedral units although it can also exhibit 5 and 6 coordination. Analogues of all the major types of silicates and aluminosilicates have been prepared. For example, the compounds Mg2GeO4 (olivine and spinel forms), CaGeO3(perovskite structure), Be2GeO4 (phenakite structure) show the resemblance to the silicates.Encyclopedia of alkaline earth compounds R.C Ropp, Elsevier 2013 BaGe4O9 has a complex structure containing 4 and 6 coordinate germanium. Germanates are important for geoscience as they possess similar structures to silicates and can be used as analogues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeolite
Zeolites are microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate materials commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. They mainly consist of silicon, aluminium, oxygen, and have the general formula ･y where is either a metal ion or H+. These positive ions can be exchanged for others in a contacting electrolyte solution. exchanged zeolites are particularly useful as solid acid catalysts. The term ''zeolite'' was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who observed that rapidly heating a material, believed to have been stilbite, produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by the material. Based on this, he called the material ''zeolite'', from the Greek , meaning "to boil" and , meaning "stone". Zeolites occur naturally but are also produced industrially on a large scale. , 253 unique zeolite frameworks have been identified, and over 40 naturally occurring zeolite frameworks are known. Every new zeolite structure tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanates
In chemistry, germanate is a compound containing an oxyanion of germanium. In the naming of inorganic compounds it is a suffix that indicates a polyatomic ion, polyatomic anion with a central germanium atom, for example potassium hexafluorogermanate, K2GeF6.Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier Germanate oxy compounds Germanium is similar to silicon forming many compounds with tetrahedral units although it can also exhibit 5 and 6 coordination. Analogues of all the major types of silicates and aluminosilicates have been prepared. For example, the compounds Mg2GeO4 (olivine and spinel forms), CaGeO3(perovskite structure), Be2GeO4 (phenakite structure) show the resemblance to the silicates.Encyclopedia of alkaline earth compounds R.C Ropp, Elsevier 2013 BaGe4O9 has a complex structure containing 4 and 6 coordinate germanium. Germanates are important for geoscience as they possess similar structures to silicates and can be used as analogues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Germanate
Sodium germanate is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2GeO3. It is a colorless solid. Sodium germanate is primarily used for the synthesis of other germanium compounds. Preparation and reactions Sodium germanate can be prepared by the fusion of germanium oxide with sodium hydroxide at high temperatures: :2NaOH + GeO2 → Na2GeO3 + H2O An intermediate in this reaction is the protonated derivative NaHGeO3, which is a water-soluble salt. Structure it is structurally analogous to sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3, consisting of polymeric GeO32− anions made up of vertex sharing tetrahedra.C. C. Addison, Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements, vol 1, 1973, The chemical Society, See also * Germanate In chemistry, germanate is a compound containing an oxyanion of germanium. In the naming of inorganic compounds it is a suffix that indicates a polyatomic anion with a central germanium atom, for example potassium hexafluorogermanate, K2GeF6.Egon ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bismuth Germanate
Bismuth germanium oxide or bismuth germanate is an inorganic chemical compound of bismuth, germanium and oxygen. Most commonly the term refers to the compound with chemical formula (BGO), with the cubic evlitine crystal structure, used as a scintillator. (The term may also refer to a different compound with formula Bi12GeO20, an electro-optical material with sillenite structure, and .) Bi4Ge3O12 Bi4Ge3O12 has a cubic crystal structure (''a'' = 1.0513 nm, ''z'' = 4, Pearson symbol ''cI76'', space group I3d No. 220) and a density of 7.12 g/cm3. When irradiated by X-rays or gamma rays it emits photons of wavelengths between 375 and 650 nm, with peak at 480 nm it produces about 8500 photons per megaelectronvolt of the high energy radiation absorbed. It has good radiation hardness (parameters remaining stable up to 5.104 Gy), high scintillation efficiency, good energy resolution between 5 and 20 MeV, is mechanically strong, and is not hygroscopic. Its melting point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faujasite
Faujasite (FAU-type zeolite) is a mineral group in the zeolite family of silicate minerals. The group consists of faujasite-Na, faujasite-Mg and faujasite-Ca. They all share the same basic formula by varying the amounts of sodium, magnesium and calcium. Faujasite occurs as a rare mineral in several locations worldwide. Faujasite materials are widely synthesized industrially. The relatively low-silica (Si/Al2) one is called Zeolite Y. In addition, the aluminum component in zeolite Y can be removed by acid-treatment and/or steam-treatment, and the resulting faujasite is called USY (Ultrastable zeolite Y). USY is used in fluid catalytic cracking process as a catalyst. Discovery and occurrence Faujasite was first described in 1842 from an occurrence in the Limberg Quarries, Sasbach, Kaiserstuhl, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The sodium modifier faujasite-Na was added following the discovery of the magnesium and calcium rich phases in the 1990s. It was named for Barthélemy Fauj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ångström
The angstromEntry "angstrom" in the Oxford online dictionary. Retrieved on 2019-03-02 from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/angstrom.Entry "angstrom" in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary. Retrieved on 2019-03-02 from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/angstrom. (, ; , ) or ångström is a metric unit of length equal to m; that is, one ten-billionth ( US) of a metre, a hundred-millionth of a centimetre,Entry "angstrom" in the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1986). Retrieved on 2021-11-22 from https://www.oed.com/oed2/00008552. 0.1 nanometre, or 100 picometres. Its symbol is Å, a letter of the Swedish alphabet. The unit is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874). The angstrom is often used in the natural sciences and technology to express sizes of atoms, molecules, microscopic biological structures, and lengths of chemical bonds, arrangement of atoms in crystals,Arturas Vailionis (2015):Geometry of Crystals Lect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Van Bekkum
Herman van Bekkum (26 September 1932 – 30 November 2020) was a Dutch organic chemist. He was professor of Catalysis in Organic Chemistry between 1971 and 1998 at Delft University of Technology. He served as rector magnificus of the university between 1975 and 1976. He was an expert in the field of carbohydrate chemistry and zeolites. Career Van Bekkum was born on 26 September 1932 in Rotterdam. He studied technological chemistry at Delft University of Technology and graduated in 1959. He subsequently worked two years for Royal Dutch Shell before returning to Delft University to work as lecturer. In 1971 he was named professor of Catalysis in Organic Chemistry. From 1975 to 1976 he served as rector magnificus of the university. As professor van Bekkum specialized in carbohydrate chemistry and the study of zeolites. In 1995 van Bekkum was appointed as the first president of the newly-founded Federation of the European Zeolite Association. In 1998 he officially retired, however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxide
An oxide () is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion of oxygen, an O2– (molecular) ion. with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further corrosion.Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. . Stoichiometry (the measurable relationship between reactants and chemical equations of a equation or reaction) Oxides are extraordinarily diverse in terms of stoichiometries and in terms of the structures of each stoichiometry. Most elements form oxides of more than one stoichiometry. A well known example is carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amine
In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic ... atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines). Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; Inorganic compound, Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (). The substituent is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrothermal Synthesis
Hydrothermal synthesis includes the various techniques of crystallizing substances from high-temperature aqueous solutions at high vapor pressures; also termed "hydrothermal method". The term " hydrothermal" is of geologic origin. Geochemists and mineralogists have studied hydrothermal phase equilibria since the beginning of the twentieth century. George W. Morey at the Carnegie Institution and later, Percy W. Bridgman at Harvard University did much of the work to lay the foundations necessary to containment of reactive media in the temperature and pressure range where most of the hydrothermal work is conducted. Hydrothermal synthesis can be defined as a method of synthesis of single crystals that depends on the solubility of minerals in hot water under high pressure. The crystal growth is performed in an apparatus consisting of a steel pressure vessel called an autoclave, in which a nutrient is supplied along with water. A temperature gradient is maintained between the oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkali Metal
The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, ''natrium'' and ''kalium''; these are still the origins of the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian. rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table. All alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties. Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour. This family of elements is also known as the lithium family after its leading element. The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and read ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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