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ORC4L
Origin recognition complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC4 (ORC4L) gene. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. It has been shown to form a core complex with ORC2L, -3L, and -5L. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. Interactions ORC4 has been shown to interact with: * MCM2, * MCM3, * MCM4, * MCM6, * ORC1, * ORC2, * ORC3, * ORC5, and * ORC6 Origin recognition complex subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC6 (ORC6L) gene. Background The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Origin Recognition Complex
In molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes and archaea in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication. The subunits of this complex are encoded by the ORC1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6 genes. ORC is a central component for eukaryotic DNA replication, and remains bound to chromatin at replication origins throughout the cell cycle. ORC directs DNA replication throughout the genome and is required for its initiation. ORC and Noc3p bound at replication origins serve as the foundation for assembly of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC), which includes Cdc6, Tah11 (a.k.a. Cdt1), and the Mcm2-Mcm7 complex. Pre-RC assembly during G1 is required for replication licensing of chromosomes prior to DNA synthesis during S phase. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Orc2, Orc6, Cdc6, and MCM by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28 regulates initiation of DNA replication, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM2
DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7. Interactions MCM2 has been shown to interact with: * AKAP8, * Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase, * MCM3, * MCM4, * MCM5, * MCM6, * MCM7, * ORC1L, * ORC2L, * ORC4L, * ORC5L, and * Replication protein A1. See also *Mini Chromosome Mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM3
DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein is a subunit of the protein complex that consists of MCM2-7. It has been shown to interact directly with MCM5/CDC46. This protein also interacts with, and thus is acetylated by MCM3AP, a chromatin-associated acetyltransferase. The acetylation of this protein inhibits the initiation of DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Interactions MCM3 has been shown to interact with: * CDC45-related protein, * CDC6, * DBF4, * MCM2 * MCM3AP, * MCM5, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM4
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM4'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 6 and 7 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The phosphorylation of this protein by CDC2 kinase reduces the DNA helicase activity and chromatin binding of the MCM complex. This gene is mapped to a region on the chromosome 8 head-to-head next to the PRKDC/DNA-PK, a DNA-activated protein kinase involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Alternatively spliced trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM6
DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM6'' gene. MCM6 is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins ( MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. Function The MCM complex consisting of MCM6 (this protein) and MCM2, 4 and 7 possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The phosphorylation of the complex by CDC2 kinase reduces the helicase activity, suggesting a role in the regulation of DNA replication. Mcm 6 has recently been shown to interact strongly Cdt1 at defined residues, by mutating these target residues Wei ''et al''. observed lack of Cdt1 recruitment of Mcm2-7 to the pre-RC. Gene The MCM6 gene, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cdc6
Cell division control protein 6 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC6'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, a protein essential for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein functions as a regulator at the early steps of DNA replication. It localizes in the cell nucleus during cell cycle phase G1, but translocates to the cytoplasm at the start of S phase. The subcellular translocation of this protein during the cell cycle is regulated through its phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases. Transcription of this protein was reported to be regulated in response to mitogenic signals through a transcriptional control mechanism involving E2F proteins. Interactions CDC6 has been shown to interact with ORC1L, ORC2L, Cyclin A2, PPP2R3B, MCM3, PPP2R3A, MCM7 and PSKH1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase H1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PSKH1'' gene. Interactions PSKH1 has been sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC1
Origin recognition complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC1 gene. It is closely related to CDC6, and both are the same protein in archaea. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of the pre-replication complex, which includes additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is the largest subunit of the origin recognition complex. While other ORC subunits are stable throughout the cell cycle, the levels of this protein vary during the cell cycle, which has been shown to be controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after initiation of DNA replication. This protein is found to be selectively phosphorylated during mitosis. It is also reported to inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC2
Origin recognition complex subunit 2 is a protein that is encoded by the ORC2 (ORC2L) gene in humans. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. This protein forms a core complex with ORC3, ORC4, and ORC5. It also interacts with CDC45L and MCM10, which are proteins known to be important for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein has been demonstrated to specifically associate with the origin of replication of Epstein-Barr virus in human cells, and is thought to be required for DNA replication from viral origin of replication. Interactions ORC2 has been shown to interact with: * CDC6, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC3
Origin recognition complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC3 (ORC3L) gene. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. Studies of a similar gene in Drosophila suggested a possible role of this protein in neuronal proliferation and olfactory memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. Interactions ORC3 has been shown to interact with: * MCM4, * MCM7, * ORC2, * ORC4, * ORC5, and * ORC6 Origin recognition complex subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC6 (ORC6L) gene. Background The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
