|
Operation Coldstore
Operation Coldstore was the code name for a covert anti-communist security operation that took place in Singapore on 2 February 1963, which was then an internally self-governing state within the British Empire. It led to the arrest of 113 people, who were detained without trial pursuant to the Preservation of Public Security Ordinance (PPSO). In official accounts, the operation was a security operation "aimed at crippling the Communist open front organisation," which threatened Singapore's internal security. The operation was authorised and approved by the Internal Security Council which was composed of representatives from the British government, Singaporean government, and the Malayan Federal government. Background and contexts Post-war conditions and the rise of left-wing movements The post-war conditions in Singapore were harsh for the working class as they had to grapple with poor working conditions. In the same period, British decolonisation of Singapore resulted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War In Asia
The Cold War in Asia was a major dimension of the worldwide Cold War that shaped diplomacy and warfare from the mid-1940s to 1991. The main countries involved were the United States, the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, South Korea, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Thailand, Laos, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan (Republic of China). In the late 1950s, divisions between China and the Soviet Union deepened, culminating in the Sino-Soviet split, and the two then vied for control of communist movements across the world, especially in Asia. East Asia United States activities China and Taiwan Strait The Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek was Loss of China, defeated by the Communist party, led by Mao Zedong, in Chinese Civil War. In contrast to the strong support from the Soviet Union towards the CCP, United States did not provide significant aid to the Nationalist in the civil war. Hence, Chinese Civil War, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geofroy Tory
Sir Geofroy William Tory, (31 July 1912 – 18 July 2012) was a British diplomat. Biography The son of William Frank Tory and Edith Wreghitt, Tory was educated at King Edward VII School, Sheffield and Queens’ College, Cambridge, where he took a Double First in French and German and was a contemporary of Donald Maclean. He joined the Dominions Office in 1935, and served as the Private Secretary to Sir Edward Harding, Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Dominion Affairs, during 1938–39. In 1957, Tory was appointed as the first British High Commissioner to Malaya, serving there until 1963. Based in Kuala Lumpur, he wrote to Saville Garner in October 1962 about Tunku Abdul Rahman's views post-Malayan emergency. Tunku believed that there was a Communist conspiracy in Singapore, and Tory wrote that "our Security Service shares his view." Between 1964 and 1967 he was the British Ambassador to Ireland, before serving as the High Commissioner of the United Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl Of Selkirk
Group Captain George Nigel "Geordie" Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk, (4 January 1906 – 24 November 1994) was a British nobleman and Conservative politician. Early life Born at Merly, Wimborne, Dorset, he was the second son of Nina Mary Benita, youngest daughter of Major R. Poore, Salisbury, and the 13th Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. He was educated at Eton College, Balliol College, Oxford, the University of Edinburgh (LLB) and at the University of Bonn, Vienna University and the Sorbonne. He was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1935, taking silk in 1959. He played cricket for Wiltshire in the 1927 Minor Counties Championship. He was a member of Edinburgh Town Council from 1935 to 1940 and served as a Commissioner of General Board of Control (Scotland) from 1936 to 1939 and as a Commissioner for Special Areas in Scotland 1937–39. He commanded No. 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force 1934–38. He was awarded the Air Forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Security Act (Singapore)
The Internal Security Act 1960 (ISA) of Singapore is a sources of Singapore law#Statutes, statute that grants the executive power to enforce preventive detention, prevent subversion, suppress organized violence against persons and property, and do other things incidental to the internal security of Singapore. The present Act was originally enacted by the Parliament of Malaysia, Parliament of Malaysia as the Internal Security Act 1960 (No. 18 of 1960), and extended to Singapore on 16 September 1963 when Singapore in Malaysia, Singapore was a state of the Federation of Malaysia. Before a person can be detained under the ISA by the Minister for Home Affairs (Singapore), Minister for Home Affairs, the President of Singapore, President must be satisfied that such detention is necessary for the purposes of national security or public order. In the landmark case of ''Chng Suan Tze v. Minister for Home Affairs'' (1988), the Court of Appeal of Singapore, Court of Appeal sought to impose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tunku Abdul Rahman (8 February 19036 December 1990), commonly referred to as Tunku, was a Malaysian statesman who served as prime minister of Malaysia from 1957 to 1970. He previously served as the only chief minister of Federation of Malaya, Malaya from 1955 to 1957, as President of the United Malays National Organisation, President of UMNO from 1951 to 1971, and as leader of the Alliance Party (Malaysia), Alliance Party from 1952 to 1971. Abdul Rahman was the second longest serving Malaysian prime minister and the first to hold the position. As prime minister, he supervised the Malayan Declaration of Independence, Malayan independence process and the Malaysia Agreement, formation of Malaysia. As a result, he is widely regarded as Malaysia's "List of national founders, founding father". Born a prince in the Kedah Sultanate, Tunku studied law in St Catharine's College, Cambridge, and became a Civil service, civil servant and district officer. In 1949, he became a prosecutor. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1963 Singaporean General Election
General elections were held in Singapore on 21 September 1963, five days after Singapore became part of Malaysia. Voters elected all 51 members (MLAs) of the Legislative Assembly. The elections were the only ones to date with no boundary changes to any existing constituencies prior to the elections. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party (PAP), which won 37 of the 51 seats, while the majority of the remaining seats were won by Barisan Sosialis (BS). The ruling federal government of Malaysia, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), contested the elections as part of the Singapore Alliance Party (SAP) in an attempt to oust the PAP, straining relations between the two parties. The Alliance lost all seven seats which it held prior to the elections. Their participation in the elections prompted the PAP to contest seats outside Singapore and in Peninsular Malaysia in the next federal election held in 1964, further adding to more tensions between the UMNO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lim Chin Siong
Lim Chin Siong (; 28 February 1933 – 5 February 1996) was a Singaporean politician and union leader active in Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s. He was one of the founders of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), which has governed the country continuously since independence. Lim also used his popularity to galvanise many trade unions in support of the PAP. Lim was the youngest Assemblyman in Singapore to be elected. However, Lim's political career was cut short by two detentions without trial after being labelled a communist. The first time was between 1956 and 1959 when he was arrested and detained by the Labour Front government. The second time was between 1963 and 1969 when he was arrested during Operation Coldstore and detained by the PAP government. After attempting suicide in prison, he was released in 1969 on the condition that he forever renounced politics. Early life Lim was born in 1933 to Lim Teng Geok () and Ang Kee Neo () in Singapore, along Telok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Marshall (Singaporean Politician)
David Saul Marshall (né Mashal; 12 March 1908 – 12 December 1995) was a Singaporean barrister and statesman who served as the inaugural Chief Minister of Singapore from 1955 to 1956 and the Singapore Ambassador to France from 1978 to 1993. He resigned after just over a year at the helm after his delegation to London regarding negotiations for complete home rule and eventual independence of Singapore was initially rejected by the British. However, Marshall was nevertheless instrumental in forging the idea of sovereignty as well as in subsequent negotiations that led to its eventual self-governance from the United Kingdom in 1959. While Marshall had a privileged upbringing, he was a left-wing nationalist who sought the self-determination of the former British Crown colony—having founded the Labour Front and the Workers' Party. From 1963 onward, he renounced partisan politics and became an independent politician for the rest of his life. Singapore eventually gained its c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ong Eng Guan
Ong Eng Guan (; 1925–2008) was a Singaporean politician who served as Ministry of National Development (Singapore), Minister for National Development between 1959 and 1960. An anti-communist, Ong was a Chinese-educated orator who became popular among the Chinese community in Singapore. He was also one of the pioneering members of the governing People's Action Party (PAP). He was elected into the City Council of Singapore and became the first and only elected mayor in Singapore's history after the 1957 Singapore City Council election, 1957 City Council election. Ong was appointed National Development Minister but was later fired from the cabinet. He resigned from the PAP and formed his own party, United People's Party (Singapore), United People's Party (UPP), in 1961. Early life and education Ong was born in Malacca in 1925. He lived in Batu Pahat (town), Batu Pahat, Johor, for 25 years, and attended a dual-track education in a English government school and private Chinese schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Singaporean By-elections
Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster): Douglas DC-3C OH-LCC of Finnish airline Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti), on approach to Vaasa Airport in Finland, killing all 25 on board, due to pilot error: an investigation finds that the captain and first officer were both exhausted for lack of sleep, and had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol at the time of the crash. It remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. * January 5 ** Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti enters the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ** After the 1960 military coup, General Cemal Gürsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singapore, Workers' Party (WP). The PAP was established in 1954 as a conventional centre-left party. Following its initial electoral success in 1959 Singaporean general election, 1959, Prime Minister of Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew sought to reposition the party ideologically toward the centrism, centre. In pursuit of this objective, he expelled the party's Barisan Sosialis, leftist faction in 1961, during the period of Singapore in Malaysia, Singapore's merger with Malaysia. Over the course of the 1960s and since then, the PAP continued its ideological shift towards the centre-right. After Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965, Singapore's separation from Malaysia and subsequent independence in 1965, the majority of opposition part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
