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Online News Act
The ''Online News Act'' (), known commonly as Bill C-18, is a Canadian federal statute. Introduced in the 44th Canadian Parliament, passed by the Senate on June 15, 2023, and receiving royal assent on June 22, 2023, the act will implement a framework under which ''digital news intermediaries'' (including search engines and social networking services) that hold an asymmetric position must bargain with online news publishers to compensate them for the act of syndicating or reproducing or facilitating access to their content via their platforms. Purpose The goal of the law is to enhance the sustainability of the Canadian digital news market by "establish nga framework through which digital news intermediary operators and news businesses may enter into agreements respecting news content that is made available by digital news intermediaries." The bill and its provisions will be enforced under regulations that will be regulated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Parliament Of Canada
The Parliament of Canada () is the Canadian federalism, federal legislature of Canada. The Monarchy of Canada, Crown, along with two chambers: the Senate of Canada, Senate and the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons, form the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature. The 343 members of the lower house, the House of Commons, are styled as Member of Parliament (Canada), ''Members of Parliament'' (MPs), and each elected to represent an Electoral district (Canada), electoral district (also known as a riding). The 105 members of the upper house, the Senate, are styled ''senators'' and appointed by the Governor General of Canada, governor general on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, prime minister. Collectively, MPs and senators are known as ''parliamentarians''. Bills may originate in either the House of Commons or the Senate, however, bills involving raising or spending funds must originate in the House of Commons. By Constitutional convention (political custom), cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Journalistic Ethics
Journalistic ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and good practice applicable to journalists. This subset of media ethics is known as journalism's professional "code of ethics" and the "canons of journalism". The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print, broadcast, and online news organizations. There are around 400 codes covering journalistic work around the world. While various codes may differ in the detail of their content and come from different cultural traditions, most share common elements that reflect Western values, including the principles of truthfulness, accuracy and fact-based communications, independence, objectivity, impartiality, fairness, respect for others and public accountability, as these apply to the gathering, editing and dissemination of newsworthy information to the public. Such principles are sometimes in tension with non-Western and Indigenous ways of doing journa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Big Tech
Big Tech, also referred to as the Tech Giants or Tech Titans, is a collective term for the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. The label draws a parallel to similar classifications in other industries, such as "Big Oil" or "Big Tobacco". In the United States, it commonly denotes the five dominant firms—Alphabet Inc., Alphabet, Amazon (company), Amazon, Apple Inc., Apple, Meta Platforms, Meta, and Microsoft—often called the "Big Five". An expanded grouping, sometimes termed the "Magnificent Seven", includes Nvidia and Tesla, Inc., Tesla. The concept of Big Tech can also extend to the major Chinese technology firms—Baidu, Alibaba Group, Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi—collectively referred to as BATX. History In the late 20th century, IBM, Apple, Inc., Apple and Microsoft dominated the IT industry. After the dot-com bubble wiped out most of the Nasdaq Composite stock market index, surviving tech startup company, startups expanded their market shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Justin Trudeau
Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who served as the 23rd prime minister of Canada from 2015 to 2025. He led the Liberal Party from 2013 until his resignation in 2025 and was the member of Parliament (MP) for Papineau from 2008 until 2025. Trudeau was born in Ottawa, Ontario, as the eldest son of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from McGill University and a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia. After graduating, he taught at the secondary school level in Vancouver before returning to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association. In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the 2008 federal election, he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in the House of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Michael Geist
Michael Allen Geist is a Canadian academic, and the Canada Research Chair in Internet and E-Commerce Law at the University of Ottawa. He is the editor of four books on copyright law and privacy law, and he edits two newsletters on Canadian information technology and privacy law. Geist writes syndicated columns for some of Canada's largest newspapers, including the Globe and Mail, the Ottawa Citizen and the Toronto Star. His blog on the Internet and intellectual property law is a three-time Best Canadian Law Blog winner. Geist was named one of Canada's Top 40 Under 40 in 2002,Canada’s Top 40 Under 40 and ''Canadian Lawyer'' magazine identified Geist as one of the country's 25 most influential lawyers. He has been listed globally as one of the top fifty influential people in regard to intellectua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
University Of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa (), often referred to as uOttawa or U of O, is a Official bilingualism in Canada, bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on directly to the northeast of Downtown Ottawa across the Rideau Canal in the Sandy Hill, Ottawa, Sandy Hill neighbourhood. The University of Ottawa was first established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the first bishop of the Archdiocese of Ottawa, Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa, Joseph-Bruno Guigues. Placed under the direction of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Oblates of Mary Immaculate, it was renamed the College of Ottawa in 1861 and received university status five years later through a royal charter. On 5 February 1889, the university was granted a pontifical charter by Pope Leo XIII, elevating the institution to a pontifical university. The university was reorganized on July 1, 1965, as a corporation, independent from any outside body or religious organizatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Competition Act
The ''Competition Act'' () is a Canadian federal law governing competition in Canada. The Act contains both criminal and civil provisions aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices in the marketplace. Along with the ''Competition Tribunal Act'', the Competition Act forms the statutory basis of current federal competition policy in Canada.Stanbury, W.T. 2013 December 16.Competition Policy (revised). ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Historica Canada. The Act is enforced and administered by the Competition Bureau, and cases are adjudicated by the Competition Tribunal. History Background The first legislation in Canada dealing with competition was the ''Anti-Combines Act'', introduced in May 1889 as the first antitrust statute in the industrial world, preceding the American '' Sherman Antitrust Act''.King, W. L. Mackenzie. 1912.The Canadian Combines Investigation Act" '' The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' 42:149-155. .Blair, D. Gordo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collaborate with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. A cartel is an organization formed by producers to limit competition and increase prices by creating artificial shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling, and marketing quotas. Jurisdictions frequently consider cartelization to be anti-competitive behavior, leading them to outlaw cartel practices. Cartels are inherently unstable due to the temptation by members of the cartel to cheat and defect on each other by improving their individual profits, which may lead to falling prices for all members. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Advancements in technology or the emergence of substitutes can undermine cartel pricing power, leadi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Copyright Act (Canada)
The ''Copyright Act'' () is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada. It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage. The ''Copyright Act'' was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997. Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the ''Act'', but each of the bills (Bill C-60 in 2005, Bill C-61 in 2008, and Bill C-32 in 2010) failed to pass due to political opposition. In 2011, with a majority in the House of Commons, the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11, titled the ''Copyright Modernization Act''. Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012. History 1921 Canadian Copyright Act The first ''Copyright Act'' was passed in 1921 and came into force in 1924. Although Canada was no longer subject to imperial copyright law, the 1921 Act was closely modelled on the UK ''Copyright Act'' of 1911 to comply with the Berne Convention for the Protection of Lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
University Of Toronto Faculty Of Law
The University of Toronto Faculty of Law (U of T Law, UToronto Law) is the law school of the University of Toronto, located at the University of Toronto#St. George campus, St. George campus in Downtown Toronto. It is the top ranked common law faculty in Canada. Each class in UofT's three-year Juris Doctor, J.D. program has approximately 230 students from over 2600 applicants. Approximately 15% of entering J.D. students are advanced degree holders. Additionally, the Faculty awards Master of Laws, LLM, Doctor of Juridical Science, SJD, Master of Studies in Law, MSL, and GPLLM degrees in law. Among its alumni are four Canadian Prime Ministers, 14 List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, five List of Nobel laureates, Nobel Prize Laureates, and two Premiers of Ontario. UofT Law alumni have also served as deans at a number of law schools around the world—Stanford Law School, Columbia Law School, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
The Columbia Journal Of Law & The Arts
The ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'' (JLA) is a quarterly, student-edited law review published at Columbia Law School. The ''Journal'' publishes articles and notes dedicated to in-depth coverage of current legal issues in the art, entertainment, sports, intellectual property, and communications industries. It features contributions by scholars, judges, practitioners, and students. JLA is affiliated with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media, and the Arts and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Society at Columbia Law School. Its Board of Advisors currently includes Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh, June M. Besek, Professor Jane C. Ginsburg, Trey Hatch, Adria G. Kaplan, Philippa Loengard, and David Leichtman. Past members of the Board of Advisors include Gilbert S. Edelson and Morton L. Janklow. Impact Founded in 1975, the ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'' is devoted to arts, entertainment, and sports law, with 536 journal cites between 2010 and 2017. As of June 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
News Media Canada
News Media Canada (NMC), formerly Newspapers Canada, is a trade association for newspaper publishers in Canada. It was established in 2016 through the merger of the Canadian Newspaper Association and the Canadian Community Newspapers Association. NMC represents over 830 daily, weekly and community newspapers in every province and territory in Canada. History A February 2017 Canadian Press article reported the organization's name as having been changed to News Media Canada. On 22 May 2019, NMC was named as one of eight "Canadian organizations that will sit on a special advisory panel tasked with recommending news operations for participation in a $600 million" media bailout fund scheduled to last five years. The announcement was made by then-Finance Minister Bill Morneau. Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez said that under the program, the media would be eligible for refundable tax credits, a non-refundable tax credit for subscriptions to Canadian digital news and access to ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
