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Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I, “Ninurta protect my offspring/border” (the ambiguity may be intentional),CAD K p. 497: ''Ninurta-NÍG.DU-ŠEŠ''. 983–981 BC, was the second king of the Bῑt-Bazi or 6th Dynasty of Babylon and he reigned for three years, according to the ''King List A'',''King List A'', BM 33332, iii 11. while the ''Dynastic Chronicle''''Dynastic Chronicle''(ABC 18), v 10. records that he ruled for just two years. This was during an era of economic and political retrenchment. Biography A fragment of the Assyrian ''Synchronistic King List''''Synchronistic King List'', KAV 182 iii 11 excavation reference Ass. 13956dh. names Ashur-nirari IV as his contemporary, rather than Ashur-rabi II who better matches the chronology currently favored. Two Luristan arrowheads are inscribed with his name, and were probably votive offerings for temples, but there is a remote possibility that these belong to his later name-sake, who ruled for less than a year. The Bīt-Abi-Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Kings Of Babylon
The king of Babylon (Akkadian: ''šakkanakki Bābili'', later also ''šar Bābili'') was the ruler of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Babylon and its kingdom, Babylonia, which existed as an independent realm from the 19th century BC to its fall in the 6th century BC. For the majority of its existence as an independent kingdom, Babylon ruled most of southern Mesopotamia, composed of the ancient regions of Sumer and Akkad. The city experienced two major periods of ascendancy, when Babylonian kings rose to dominate large parts of the Ancient Near East: the First Babylonian Empire (or Old Babylonian Empire, 1894/1880–1595 BC) and the Second Babylonian Empire (or Neo-Babylonian Empire, 626–539 BC). Many of Babylon's kings were of foreign origin. Throughout the city's nearly two-thousand year history, it was ruled by kings of native Babylonian (Akkadian), Amorite, Kassite, Elamite, Aramean, Assyrian, Chaldean, Persian, Greek and Parthian origin. A king's cultural and ethnic ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulmash-shakin-shumi
Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, inscribed in cuneiform as ''É-ul-maš-''GAR-MU,In contemporary arrowheads, such as IMJ 74.049.0124 in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, aCDLI/ref> or prefixed with the masculine determinative m,''Babylonian King List A'', BM 33332, iii '10. “Eulmaš''Eulmaš'' was the name of the Ištar temple in the city of Agade. (is) the establisher of offspring”, 1000–984 BC, was the founder of the 6th Dynasty of Babylon, known as the ''Bῑt-Bazi'' Dynasty, after the Kassite tribal group from which its leaders were drawn. The ''Dynastic Chronicle''''Dynastic Chronicle'' v 9. tells us that he ruled for fourteen years, the King List A, seventeen years. Biography A small settlement near the Tigris in the 23rd century had been adopted by a minor Kassite clan by the 14th century, the name being co-opted as the ancestor figure for the tribe. In the midst of the turmoil inflicted by the Aramean migrations and the famines that drove them, Eulmaš-šākin-šumi seems to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirikti-shuqamuna
Širikti-šuqamuna, inscribed phonetically in cuneiform m''ši-rik-ti-''d''šu-qa-mu-nu'' and meaning “gift of (the god) Šuqamuna”, 981 BC, succeeded his fellow “son of Bazi,” Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I, as 3rd king of the Bῑt-Bazi or 6th Dynasty of Babylon and exercised the kingship for just 3 months, an insufficient time to merit an official regnal year. Biography He was the last monarch of the Bīt-Bazi dynasty, which had reigned for 20 years 3 months according to the ''King List A'',''King List A'', BM 33332, iii. and a contemporary of the Assyrian king Aššur-rabi II,''Synchronistic King List A.117'', Assur 14646c. 1012–971 BC. He was named for the Kassite god of war and of the chase, Šuqamuna, one of the two (with Šumalia) associated with the investiture of kings. The ''Chronicle Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin'',''Šamaš-šuma-ukin Chronicle'' (ABC 15), BM 96273, lines 20 to 21. a text containing disconnected passages from writing boards, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babylon
''Bābili(m)'' * sux, 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 * arc, 𐡁𐡁𐡋 ''Bāḇel'' * syc, ܒܒܠ ''Bāḇel'' * grc-gre, Βαβυλών ''Babylṓn'' * he, בָּבֶל ''Bāvel'' * peo, 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢 ''Bābiru'' * elx, 𒀸𒁀𒉿𒇷 ''Babili'' *Kassite: ''Karanduniash'', ''Karduniash'' , image = Street in Babylon.jpg , image_size=250px , alt = A partial view of the ruins of Babylon , caption = A partial view of the ruins of Babylon , map_type = Near East#West Asia#Iraq , relief = yes , map_alt = Babylon lies in the center of Iraq , coordinates = , location = Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq , region = Mesopotamia , type = Settlement , part_of = Babylonia , length = , width = , area = , height = , builder = , material = , built = , abandoned = , epochs = , cultures = Sumerian, Akkadian, Amorite, Kassite, Assyrian, Chaldean, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sasanian, Muslim , dependency_of = , occupants = , event = , excavations = , archaeologists = Hormuzd Rassam, Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynastic Chronicle
The Dynastic Chronicle, ''"Chronicle 18"'' in Grayson's ''Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles'' or the ''"Babylonian Royal Chronicle"'' in Glassner’s ''Mesopotamian Chronicles'', is a fragmentary ancient Mesopotamian text extant in at least four known copies. It is actually a bilingual text written in 6 columns, representing a continuation of the Sumerian king list tradition through to the 8th century BC and is an important source for the reconstruction of the historical narrative for certain periods poorly preserved elsewhere. The text From the extant pieces, the work apparently begins with a list of nine antediluvian kings from five cities, so much resembling that of the Sumerian King List that Thorkild Jacobsen considered it a variant, and an account of the flood before proceeding on with that of the successive Babylonian dynasties. Due to the poor state of preservation of the center of the text, there are a great many gaps ( lacunae, or lacunas), and the narrative resumes with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashur-nirari IV
Aššur-nērārī IV, inscribed m''aš-šur-''ERIM.GABA, "(the god) Aššur is my help," was the king of Assyria, the 94th to appear on the ''Assyrian Kinglist'',''Khorsabad Kinglist'', tablet IM 60017 (excavation nos.: DS 828, DS 32-54), iv 8.''Nassouhi Kinglist'', Istanbul A. 116 (Assur 8836), iv 21. ruling 1019/18–1013 BC. His short six-year reign was marked by confusion and a dearth of contemporary inscriptions. Biography He succeeded his father, Salmānu-ašarēd II, whose twelve-year reign seems to have ended in confusion, as the last limmu official on his eponym list is missing and recorded as ''ša ar'' 'ki si...'' the eponym ‘which is after’ (the previous name). Aššur-nērārī took the eponymy during his first year but the following year is marked ''ša'' EGIR m''aš-šur-'', “(year) after Aššur-…” and thereafter all the remaining years were recorded with a sequential number and a Winkelhaken The ''Winkelhaken'' (, "angular hook"), also simply called a h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashur-rabi II
Aššur-rabi II, inscribed m''aš-šur-''GAL''-bi'', "(the god) Aššur is great," was king of Assyria 1012–972 BC. Despite his lengthy reign (41 years), one of the longest of the Assyrian monarchs, his tenure seems to have been an unhappy one judging by the scanty and laconic references to his setbacks from later sources. Biography He was a younger son of the earlier Assyrian monarch, Aššurnaṣirpal I. He succeeded his nephew Aššur-nerari IV's brief six year rule, and if this succession was like earlier usurpations by uncles of their nephews, it would have been a violent affair. The ''Assyrian Kinglist''''Khorsabad Kinglist'', IM 60017 (excavation nos.: DS 828, DS 32-54), iv 9.''Nassouhi Kinglist'', Istanbul A. 116 (Assur 8836), iv 23.''SDAS Kinglist'', IM 60484, iv 9. records his accession and genealogy but provides no further information. His construction of the Bit-nathi, part of the temple of Ištar in Nineveh, was recalled in a dedicatory cone of Aššur-nāṣir-ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorestān Bronze
Luristan bronzes (rarely "Lorestān", "Lorestāni" etc. in sources in English) are small cast objects decorated with bronze sculpture from the Early Iron Age which have been found in large numbers in Lorestān Province and Kermanshah in western Iran. They include a great number of ornaments, tools, weapons, horse-fittings and a smaller number of vessels including situlae, and those found in recorded excavations are generally found in burials. The ethnicity of the people who created them remains unclear, though they may well have been Iranian, possibly related to the modern Lur people who have given their name to the area. They probably date to between about 1000 and 650 BC. The bronzes tend to be flat and use openwork, like the related metalwork of Scythian art. They represent the art of a nomadic or transhumant people, for whom all possessions needed to be light and portable, and necessary objects such as weapons, finials (perhaps for tent-poles), horse-harness fittings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kudurru
A kudurru was a type of stone document used as a boundary stone and as a record of land grants to vassals by the Kassites and later dynasties in ancient Babylonia between the 16th and 7th centuries BC. The original kudurru would typically be stored in a temple while the person granted the land would be given a clay copy to use to confirm legal ownership. Kudurrus are often linked to what are usually called "ancient kudurrus", land grant stones from the third millennium (typically Sargonic and Ur III) which serve a similar purpose though the word kudurru did not emerge until the 2nd millennium (Middle Babylonian in fact). Background The objects are traditionally called kudurru which is Akkadian for "frontier" or "boundary". because early epigraphers frequently found that word in the text and assumed they were placed in agricultural setting, not the temples they actually were. While there is consensus on the main group of kudurru there are other "debatable kudurru for which opinion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabû-mukin-apli
Nabû-mukin-apli, typically inscribed dAG-DU-A, “ Nabû (is) establisher of a legitimate heir,” ruled 974–939 BC, founded Babylon’s 8th dynasty, the so-called ''Dynasty of E'', and ruled for thirty-six years.''Babylonian King List A'', tablet BM 33332 iii 15 in the British Museum. The ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' records him as a contemporary of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser II.The ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' A.117, KAV 216 (Ass. 14616c), iii 9 ( İstanbul Arkeoloji Műzeleri) and also fragments KAV 10 (VAT 11261, in the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin) ii 3 KAV 182 (Ass. 13956dh) iii 6. His reign was plagued by Aramean invasions, resulting in Babylon being cut off from its agricultural hinterland for several years and consequently being unable to celebrate the new year festival. Biography His reign falls in the midst of the Babylonian dark age and consequently his ancient sources are meager. He is mentioned in the ''Eclectic Chronicle''''Chronicle 24'', tablet BM 2785 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kassites
The Kassites () were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Abī-ešuh, and Ammī-ditāna. The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurrians
The Hurrians (; cuneiform: ; transliteration: ''Ḫu-ur-ri''; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter) were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurrian language and lived in Anatolia, Syria and Northern Mesopotamia. The largest and most influential Hurrian nation was the kingdom of Mitanni, its ruling class perhaps being Indo-Aryan speakers. The population of the Hittite Empire in Anatolia included a large population of Hurrians, and there is significant Hurrian influence in Hittite mythology. By the Early Iron Age, the Hurrians had been assimilated with other peoples. The state of Urartu later covered some of the same area. Language The Hurrian language is closely related to the Urartian language, the language of the ancient kingdom of Urartu. Together they form the Hurro-Urartian language family. The external connections of the Hurro-Urartian languages are disputed. There exist various proposals for a genetic relationship to o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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