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Nephrophyllidium
''Nephrophyllidium'' is a monotypic genus of aquatic flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae. The sole species is ''Nephrophyllidium crista-galli''. They are wetland plants with basal reniform and crenate leaves. Flowers are five-parted and white, and the petals are adorned with lateral wings and a midline keel. ''Nephrophyllidium'' is most nearly related to '' Menyanthes'', which is very similar in habit. The genus name is derived from the kidney-shaped leaves ( el, nephros = kidney and ''phyllon'' = leaf), and the specific epithet refers to the curled petal edges ( la, crista galli = cockscomb). ''Nephrophyllidium crista-galli'' is found in the Pacific Northwest of America, and in Japan, where it can be called subspecies ''japonicum'' (Franch.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi. ''Nephrophyllidium'' is commonly known as deer cabbage. The IAPT determined that a prior synonym for the genus, ''Fauria'' Franch., too closely resembled the genus ''Faurea ''Faurea'' is a genus containin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menyanthaceae
Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in six genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submersed aquatic genus '' Nymphoides'', leaves are floating and support a lax, umbellate or racemose inflorescence. In other genera the inflorescence is erect and consists of one (e.g., ''Liparophyllum'') to many flowers. The sympetalous, insect-pollinated flowers are five-parted and either yellow or white. The petals are ciliate or adorned with lateral wings. Fruit type is a capsule. Species of Menyanthaceae are found worldwide. The genera ''Menyanthes'' and ''Nephrophyllidium'' grow only in the northern hemisphere, while ''Liparophyllum'' and ''Villarsia'' occur only in the southern hemisphere. '' Nymphoides'' species have a cosmopolitan distribution. Menyanthaceae species are of economic importance as ornamental water garden plants, with '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Friedrich Gilg
Ernest (or Ernst) Friedrich Gilg (12 January 1867 in Baden-Württemberg, Germany – 11 October 1933 in Berlin) was a German botanist. Life Gilg was curator of the Botanical Museum in Berlin. With fellow botanist Adolf Engler, he co-authored and published a syllabus on botanical families, ''Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien'' (8th edition 1919). He also made contributions to Engler's "''Das Pflanzenreich''", (e.g. the section on the family Monimiaceae). The Poaceae grass genus, '' Gilgiochloa'', was posthumously named after him. His spouse, Charlotte Gilg-Benedict Charlotte Gilg-Benedict (1872–1965) was a German botanist noted for studying ''Capparaceae''. She co-authored several studies with Ernest Friedrich Gilg Ernest (or Ernst) Friedrich Gilg (12 January 1867 in Baden-Württemberg, Germany – 11 ... (1872–1936), was co-author in some of his publications, and has the author abbreviation Gilg-Ben. Work * ''Pharmazeutische Warenkunde'', published 1911 * ''Grundzà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald Menzies
Archibald Menzies ( ; 15 March 1754 – 15 February 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist. He spent many years at sea, serving with the Royal Navy, private merchants, and the Vancouver Expedition. He was the first recorded European to reach the summit of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa and introduced the Monkey Puzzle tree to England. Life and career Menzies was born at Easter Stix (or Styx) in the parish of Weem, in Perthshire, Scotland. While working with his elder brother William at the Royal Botanic Gardens, he drew the attention of Dr John Hope, professor of botany at Edinburgh University, who encouraged him to study medicine there. Having qualified as a surgeon, Menzies served as assistant to a doctor in Caernarvon, Wales, then joined the Royal Navy as assistant surgeon on . Present at Battle of the Saintes (12 April 1782), in peacetime Menzies served on Halifax Station in Nova Scotia. In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the ''Prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Jackson Hooker
Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew he founded the Herbarium and enlarged the gardens and arboretum. Hooker was born and educated in Norwich. An inheritance gave him the means to travel and to devote himself to the study of natural history, particularly botany. He published his account of an expedition to Iceland in 1809, even though his notes and specimens were destroyed during his voyage home. He married Maria, the eldest daughter of the Norfolk banker Dawson Turner, in 1815, afterwards living in Halesworth for 11 years, where he established a herbarium that became renowned by botanists at the time. He held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at Glasgow University, where he worked with the botanist and lithographer Thomas Hopkirk and enjoyed the supportive friends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrien René Franchet
Adrien Ren̩ Franchet (21 April 1834 in Pezou Р15 February 1900 in Paris) was a French botanist, based at the Paris Mus̩um national d'Histoire naturelle. He is noted for his extensive work describing the flora of China and Japan, based on the collections made by French Catholic missionaries in China, Armand David, Pierre Jean Marie Delavay, Paul Guillaume Farges, Jean-Andr̩ Souli̩, and others. He was the taxonomic author of many plants, including a significant number of species from the genera '' Primula'' and ''Rhododendron''. The following genera are named in his honor: * ''Franchetella'', family Sapotaceae, named by Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre. * '' Franchetia'', family Rubiaceae, named by Henri Ernest Baillon. *'' Sinofranchetia'', family Lardizabalaceae, named by William Botting Hemsley. Selected writings * ''Essai sur la distribution g̩ographique des plantes phan̩rogames dans le d̩partement de Loir-et-Cher'', 1868 - Essay on the geographical distributi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flowering Plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants that produce their seeds enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. The closest fossil relatives of flowering plants are uncertain and contentious. The earliest angiosperm fossils ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Leaf Morphology
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenate
A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue is the palisade mesophyll and is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of ''Eucalyptus'', palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. Most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper (adaxial) and lower ( abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax and other features. Leaves are mostly green in color due to the presence of a compound called chlorophyll that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs lig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menyanthes
''Menyanthes'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae containing the single species ''Menyanthes trifoliata''. The North American form is often referred to as ''M. trifoliata'' var. ''minor'' Michx. It is known in English by the common names bogbean and buckbean. Description ''Menyanthes trifoliata'' has a horizontal rhizome with alternate, trifoliate leaves. The inflorescence is an erect raceme of white flowers. The species occurs in fens and bogs in Asia, Europe, and North America. In eastern North America, it is considered to be a diagnostic fen species. It sometimes creates big quagmires with its thick roots. Taxonomy The name ''Menyanthes'' comes from the Greek words ''menyein'', meaning "disclosing", and ''anthos'', meaning "flower", in reference to the sequential opening of flowers on the inflorescence. Fossil record One fossil seed of ''Menyanthes trifoliata'' has been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene fresh wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Association For Plant Taxonomy
The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international communication of research between botanists, and oversee matters of uniformity and stability in plant names. The IAPT was founded on July 18, 1950, at the Seventh International Botanical Congress in Stockholm, Sweden. The IAPT headquarters is located in Bratislava, Slovakia. Its president, since 2017, is Patrick S. Herendeen of the Chicago Botanic Garden; vice-president is Gonzalo Nieto Feliner of the Real JardÃn Botánico, Madrid; and secretary-general is Karol Marhold of the Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava. Both the taxonomic journal ''Taxon'' and the series ''Regnum Vegetabile'' are published by the IAPT. The latter series includes the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'', ''Index Nominum Genericorum'', and ''Index Herbariorum''. Purp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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