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Numenta
Jeffrey Hawkins is an American businessman, computer scientist, neuroscientist and engineer. He co-founded Palm Computing — where he co-created the Palm (PDA), PalmPilot and Palm Treo, Treo — and Handspring (company), Handspring. He subsequently turned to work on neuroscience, founding in 2002 the Redwood Neuroscience Institute. In 2005 he co-founded Numenta, where he leads a team in efforts to reverse-engineer the neocortex and enable machine intelligence technology based on brain theory. He is the co-author of ''On Intelligence'' (2004), which explains his memory-prediction framework theory of the brain, and the author of ''A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence'' (2021). Education Hawkins attended Cornell University, where he received a Bachelor of Science with a major in electrical engineering in 1979. His interest in pattern recognition for speech and text input to computers led him to enroll in the biophysics program at the University of California, Berkele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donna Dubinsky
Donna Dubinsky is an American businesswoman who played a role in the development of personal digital assistants (PDAs), as CEO of Palm, Inc. and co-founding Handspring with Jeff Hawkins in 1995. Dubinsky co-founded Numenta in 2005 with Hawkins and Dileep George, based in Redwood City, CA. Numenta was founded to develop machine intelligence based on the principles of the neocortex. Dubinsky was the board chair of Numenta from 2005-2024. Dubinsky is on the board of Twilio (NYSE: TWLO) and was on the board of Yale University from 2006–2018, including two years as senior trustee. ''Fortune'' nominated her, together with Hawkins, to the Innovators Hall of Fame, while ''Time'' named the pair as part of its ''Digital 50'' in 1999 for their contribution to the development of the PDA. Early years Dubinsky grew up in Benton Harbor, Michigan, where her father, Alfred Dubinsky, worked as a scrap-metal broker. She later attended Yale University where, as a student in Jonathan Edwards ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dileep George
Dileep George is an artificial intelligence and neuroscience researcher. Career George received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 2006 and was a visiting fellow at the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2005, George pioneered hierarchical temporal memory and cofounded the AI research startup Numenta, Inc. with Jeff Hawkins and Donna Dubinsky. In 2010, George left Numenta to join D. Scott Phoenix in founding Vicarious, an AI research project funded by internet billionaires Peter Thiel and Dustin Moskovitz. The Alphabet-owned company Intrinsic acquired Vicarious in 2022. The AI and robotics divisions merged with Intrinsic, while the research division (including George) joined DeepMind DeepMind Technologies Limited, trading as Google DeepMind or simply DeepMind, is a British–American artificial intelligence research laboratory which serves as a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Founded in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memory-prediction Framework
The memory-prediction framework is a theory of brain function created by Jeff Hawkins and described in his 2004 book ''On Intelligence''. This theory concerns the role of the mammalian neocortex and its associations with the hippocampus, hippocampi and the thalamus in matching sensory inputs to stored memory patterns and how this process leads to predictions of what will happen in the future. Overview The theory is motivated by the observed similarities between the brain structures (especially cerebral cortex, neocortical tissue) that are used for a wide range of behaviours available to mammals. The theory posits that the remarkably uniform ''physical'' arrangement of cortical tissue reflects a single principle or algorithm which underlies all cortical information processing. The basic processing principle is hypothesized to be a feedback/recall feedback, loop which involves both cerebral cortex, cortical and extra-cortical participation (the latter from the thalamus and the Hip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortical Columns
A cortical column is a group of neurons forming a cylindrical structure through the cerebral cortex of the brain perpendicular to the cortical surface. The structure was first identified by Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle in 1957. He later identified minicolumns as the basic units of the neocortex which were arranged into columns. Each contains the same types of neurons, connectivity, and firing properties. Columns are also called hypercolumn, macrocolumn, functional column or sometimes cortical module. Neurons within a minicolumn (microcolumn) encode similar features, whereas a hypercolumn "denotes a unit containing a full set of values for any given set of receptive field parameters". A cortical module is defined as either synonymous with a hypercolumn (Mountcastle) or as a tissue block of multiple overlapping hypercolumns. Cortical columns are proposed to be the canonical microcircuits for predictive coding, in which the process of cognition is implemented through a hierarchy of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On Intelligence
''On Intelligence: How a New Understanding of the Brain will Lead to the Creation of Truly Intelligent Machines'' is a 2004 book by Jeff Hawkins and Sandra Blakeslee. The book explains Hawkins' memory-prediction framework theory of the brain and describes some of its consequences. The theory Hawkins' basic idea is that the brain is a mechanism to predict the future, specifically, hierarchical regions of the brain predict their future input sequences. Perhaps not always far in the future, but far enough to be of real use to an organism. As such, the brain is a feed forward hierarchical state machine with special properties that enable it to learn. The state machine actually controls the behavior of the organism. Since it is a feed forward state machine, the machine responds to future events predicted from past data. The hierarchy is capable of memorizing frequently observed sequences ( Cognitive modules) of patterns and developing invariant representations. Higher level ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huntington, New York
Huntington is one of ten Administrative divisions of New York#Town, towns in Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk County, New York (state), New York, United States. The town's population was 204,127 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the 11th most populous city/town in the state. Founded in 1653, the Town of Huntington is located on the North Shore (Long Island), North Shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with the Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County, New York, Nassau County adjacent to the west. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. History In 1653, three men from Oyster Bay, New York, Oyster Bay – Richard Holbrook, Robert Williams, and Daniel Whitehead – purchased a parcel of land from the Matinecock (tribe), Matinecock tribe. This parcel has since come to be known as the "First Purchase" and included land bordered by Cold Spring Harbor, New York, Cold Spring Harbor on the west, Northport, New York, Northport Harbor on the east, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pen Computing
Pen computing refers to any computer user-interface using a digital pen or Stylus (computing), stylus and Graphics tablet, tablet, over input devices such as a keyboard or a mouse. Historically, pen computing (defined as a computer system employing a user-interface using a pointing device plus handwriting recognition as the primary means for interactive user input) predates the use of a mouse and graphical display by at least two decades, starting with the Stylator and RAND Tablet systems of the 1950s and early 1960s. General techniques User interfaces for pen computing can be implemented in several ways. Current systems generally employ a combination of these techniques. Pointing/locator input The tablet and Stylus (computing), stylus are used as pointing devices, such as to replace a mouse. While a mouse is a ''relative'' pointing device (one uses the mouse to "push the cursor around" on a screen), a tablet is an ''absolute'' pointing device (one places the stylus where th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
How A New Understanding Of The Brain Will Lead To The Creation Of Truly Intelligent Machines
How may refer to: * How (greeting), a word used in some misrepresentations of Native American/First Nations speech * How, an interrogative word in English grammar Art and entertainment Literature * ''How'' (book), a 2007 book by Dov Seidman * ''HOW'' (magazine), a magazine for graphic designers * H.O.W. Journal, an American art and literary journal Music * ''How?'' (EP), by BoyNextDoor, 2024 * "How?" (song), by John Lennon, 1971 * "How", a song by Clairo from ''Diary 001'', 2018 * "How", a song by the Cranberries from ''Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?'', 1993 * "How", a song by Daughter from '' Not to Disappear'', 2016 * "How", a song by Lil Baby from '' My Turn'', 2020 * "How", a song by Maroon 5 from '' Hands All Over'', 2010 * "How", a song by Regina Spektor from ''What We Saw from the Cheap Seats'', 2012 * "How", a song by Robyn from ''Robyn Is Here'', 1995 Other media * HOW (graffiti artist), Raoul Perre, New York graffiti muralist * ''How'' (TV serie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secular Coalition For America
The Secular Coalition for America is an advocacy group located in Washington D.C. It describes itself as "protecting the equal rights of nonreligious Americans." The Secular Coalition has chapters in all 50 states and Puerto Rico, composed of lobbyists trained by the organization. The Coalition holds an annual lobby day and policy conference, publishes yearly Congressional report cards and voter guides, and in 2013 issued its first Model Secular Policy Guide for Legislatures. Coalition president Herb Silverman was a leading force behind the founding of the organization. Former White House staffer Edwina Rogers served as Executive Director from May 2012 to May 2014. Sean Faircloth, a five-term Maine state legislator, served as Executive Director between 2009 and 2011. Between 2005 and 2009, it was directed by former Nevada state senator Lori Lipman Brown, who became its first full-time lobbyist in September 2005. The Secular Coalition works to increase visibility and respect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Academy Of Engineering
The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American Nonprofit organization, nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. It is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). The NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. New members are annually elected by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government. History The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine#History, National Academy of Sciences was created by an Act of Incorporation dated March 3, 1863, which was signed by then president of the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situated Cognition
Situated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts. Situativity theorists suggest a model of knowledge and learning that requires thinking on the fly rather than the storage and retrieval of conceptual knowledge. In essence, cognition cannot be separated from the context. Instead, knowing exists ''in situ'', inseparable from context, activity, people, culture, and language. Therefore, learning is seen in terms of an individual's increasingly effective performance across situations rather than in terms of an accumulation of knowledge, since what is known is co-determined by the agent and the context. History While situated cognition gained recognition in the field of educational psychology in the late twentieth century,Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989 it shares many principles with older fields such as critical theory, anthropology ( Jean Lave & Etie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Blakeslee
Sandra Blakeslee (born 1943) is an American science correspondent of over four decades for ''The New York Times'' and science writer, specializing in neuroscience. Together with neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran, she authored the 1998 popular science book '' Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind''. Biography Blakeslee is the third member of her family to specialize in science writing; her grandfather Howard W. Blakeslee wrote for the Associated Press, and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1937, and her father, Alton L. Blakeslee, also wrote for the AP. Sandra Blakeslee was raised in Port Washington, New York. She attended Northwestern University for two years, before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley, where she majored in political science, graduating in 1965. She then joined the Peace Corps, serving in Sarawak, Borneo, where she taught elementary school. Blakeslee started at the ''New York Times'' United Nations bure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
