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Nin-ti
Ninti (; "mistress of life") was a Mesopotamian goddess worshipped in Lagash. She was regarded as the mother of Ninkasi. She also appears in the myth '' Enki and Ninhursag'' as one of the deities meant to soothe the Enki's pain. In this text, her name is reinterpreted first as "lady rib" and then as "lady of the month" through scribal word play. Attestations Ninti's name can be translated as "mistress who keeps alive" or "mistress (of) life". A variant form of her name might be Nintiḫal, "mistress who allocates life". However, Jeremiah Peterson notes that due to the existence of the divergent variant spelling Kurratiḫal it is not certain how the cuneiform sign NIN should be read in this case. Oldest attestations of Ninti have been identified in texts from Fara. She is also attested in Early Dynastic texts from Lagash, and according to Gebhard Selz must have been worshipped in this city, as references to a temple dedicated to her are known. This conclusion has been subsequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nintinugga
Nintinugga (; also romanized as Nintinuga) was a Mesopotamian goddess associated with medicine and cleansing. She belonged to the local pantheon of Nippur. While she has been compared to other similar goddesses, such as Ninisina and Gula, and in a number of ancient texts they appear to be syncretised with each other or are treated as interchangeable, she was nonetheless a distinct deity in her own right. She was associated with Enlil and Ninlil, and was worshiped in their temples, though houses of worship dedicated only to her are also attested. Character Nintinugga's name is conventionally translated from Sumerian as "Mistress who revives the dead". However, Barbara Böck notes this interpretation might only reflect an "ancient scholarly etymology." It is possible it initially had a different meaning, with one proposal being "lady of the lofty wine," and only from the reign of Uruinimgina onward it started to be written with the cuneiform sign ''ug5'', "to die." An epithet som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siris (goddess)
Siris or Siraš was a Mesopotamian goddess associated with beer. She was also worshiped in Ebla, where her name was spelled as Zilaš. Cognates of her name are also present as terms referring to alcoholic beverages or deities associated with them in languages such as Ugaritic and Hebrew language, Hebrew. She was closely associated with another goddess of similar character, Ninkasi, though the nature of the connection between them varies between sources. She is attested in a variety of texts, including god lists, offering lists and a variant of the ''Ballad of Early Rulers''. Name and character Siris' name was commonly written in cuneiform logogram, logographically as dingir, dŠIM, dŠIM✕A, or dŠIM✕NINDA, though syllabic phonetic spellings are known too. A theonym attested in the texts from Ebla, Zilaš (''dZi-la-šu''), is presumed to be another writing of the name too. Other related theonyms include ''trṯ'', attested in the Ugaritic texts, and Tiršu, known from a theophor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebiḫ
Ebiḫ (Ebih) was a Mesopotamian god presumed to represent the Hamrin Mountains. It has been suggested that while such an approach was not the norm in Mesopotamian religion, no difference existed between the deity and the associated location in his case. It is possible that he was depicted either in a non-anthropomorphic or only partially anthropomorphic form. He appears in theophoric names from the Diyala area, Nuzi and Mari from between the Early Dynastic and Old Babylonian periods, and in later Middle Assyrian ones from Assyria. He was also actively venerated in Assur in the Neo-Assyrian period, and appears in a number of royal ''Tākultu'' rituals both as a mountain and as a personified deity. The defeat of Ebiḫ at the hands of the goddess Inanna is described in the myth ''Inanna and Ebiḫ''. Various interpretations of the narrative have been advanced, with individual authors seeing it as royal propaganda of the Akkadian empire, as a critique of its conquests, or as a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagash
Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul) is around away and marks the southern limit of the state. Nearby Girsu (modern Telloh), about northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state. The Lagash state's main temple was the E-ninnu at Girsu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The Lagash state incorporated the ancient cities of Lagash, Girsu, Nina. History Though some Uruk period pottery shards were found in a surface survey, significant occupation at the site of Lagash began early in the 3rd Millennium BC, in the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900–2600 BC), surface surveys and excavations show tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninmug
Ninmug or Ninmuga was a Mesopotamian goddess. She was associated with artisanship, especially with metalworking, as evidenced by her epithet ''tibira kalamma'', "metalworker of the land." She could also be regarded as a goddess of birth and assistant of Ninmah, most likely because the fashioning of statues of deities and the birth of children could be described with the same terms in Sumerian texts. Her main cult centers were Kisiga, whose location remains uncertain, and Adab. From the Old Babylonian period onward, the god Ishum (and by extension his counterpart Hendursaga) could be regarded as her husband. While no children are attributed to him in any known sources, Ninmug herself is addressed as the mother of the minor god Lumma in some sources. She was also associated with the underworld goddess Ereš'ugga based on similar writing of their names. While most researchers assume they were separate, it has also been proposed they were the same deity, and by extension that Ninm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udug
The udug (), later known in Akkadian as the utukku, were an ambiguous class of demons from ancient Mesopotamian mythology found in the literature of Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. They were different from the dingir ( Anu-nna-Ki and Igigi) and they were generally malicious, even if a member of demons (Pazuzu) was willing to clash both with other demons and with the gods, even if he is described as a presence hostile to humans. The word is generally ambiguous and is sometimes used to refer to demons as a whole rather than a specific kind of demon. No visual representations of the udug have yet been identified, but descriptions of it ascribe to it features often given to other ancient Mesopotamian demons: a dark shadow, absence of light surrounding it, poison, and a deafening voice. The surviving ancient Mesopotamian texts giving instructions for exorcizing the evil udug are known as the ''Udug Hul'' texts. These texts emphasize the evil udug's role in causing disease and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nungal
Nungal ( d''Nun-gal'', "great princess"), also known as Manungal and possibly Bēlet-balāṭi, was the Mesopotamian goddess of prisons, sometimes also associated with the Ancient Mesopotamian underworld, underworld. She was worshiped especially in the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ur III period in cities such as Nippur, Lagash and Ur. Her husband was Birtum, and she was regarded as a courtier and daughter in law Enlil. Texts also associate her with deities such as Ereshkigal, Nintinugga and Ninkasi. Much of the available information about her role in Mesopotamian beliefs comes from a Sumerian hymn which was a part of the scribal curriculum in the Old Babylonian Empire, Old Babylonian period. Name Nungal's name means "Great Princess" in Sumerian. A plural form of the name attested in some documents can be regarded as analogous to one of the collective terms for Mesopotamian deities, Igigi. An alternate form of the name, Manungal, was possibly a contraction of the phrase ''ama Nungal'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexical Lists
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their Akkadian or other language equivalents. They are the oldest literary texts from Mesopotamia and one of the most widespread genres in the ancient Near East. Wherever cuneiform tablets have been uncovered, inside Iraq or in the wider Middle East, these lists have been discovered. History The earliest lexical lists are the archaic (early third millennium BC) word lists uncovered in caches of business documents and which comprise lists of nouns, the absence of verbs being due to their sparse use in these records of commercial transactions. The most notable text is LU A, a list of professions which would be reproduced for the next thousand years until the end of the Old Babylonian period virtually unchanged. Later third millennium lists dating to around 2600 BC have been uncovered at Fara and Abū Ṣalābīkh, including the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamrin Mountains
The Hamrin Mountains (, ) are a small mountain ridge in northeast Iraq. The westernmost ripple of the Zagros Mountains, the Hamrin mountains extend from the Diyala Governorate bordering Iran, northwest to the Tigris river, crossing northern Saladin Governorate and southern Kirkuk Governorate. Historically the Hamrin mountains were called Barima, Bārimā and Birimma (). Ibn Khaldun, a 14th century historian called the Hamrin mountains range, the "Kurdish mountains". That is because these mountains are situated in the south of Kirkuk and Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ... lived there, so, Ibn Khaldun said, "the range Hamrin mountains is a place whose people are Kurdish."Ibn khaldun, ''al muqadima'' (The introduction), Beirut, p 74 References External link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek 'word', and 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chinese characters as used in Chinese as well as other languages are logograms, as are Egyptian hieroglyphs and characters in cuneiform script. A writing system that primarily uses logograms is called a ''logography''. Non-logographic writing systems, such as alphabets and syllabaries, are ''phonemic'': their individual symbols represent sounds directly and lack any inherent meaning. However, all known logographies have some phonetic component, generally based on the rebus principle, and the addition of a phonetic component to pure ideographs is considered to be a key innovation in enabling the writing system to adequately encode human language. Types of logographic systems Some of the earliest recorded writing systems are logographic; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TI (cuneiform)
Cuneiform TI or TÌL (Borger 2003 nr.; U+122FE 𒋾) has the main meaning of "life" when used ideographically. The written sign developed from the drawing of an arrow, since the words meaning "arrow" and "life" were pronounced similarly in the Sumerian language. With the determinative UZU 𒍜 "flesh, meat", UZUTI, it means "rib". This homophony is exploited in the myth of Ninti (𒊩𒌆𒋾 NIN.TI "lady of life" or "lady of the rib"), created by Ninhursag to cure the ailing Enki. Since Eve is called "mother of life" in Genesis, together with her being taken from Adam's ''tsela`'' "side, rib", the story of Adam and Eve has sometimes been considered to derive from that of Ninti. In Akkadian orthography, the sign has the syllabic values ''di'' or ''ṭi'', in Hittite ''ti'', ''di'' or ''te''. Tu-Ta-Ti writing study tablets See TU-TA-TI scribe study tablets (Cuneiform) Instructional tablets for teaching scribes with the same text have been found all over Mesopotamia, in N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN (cuneiform)
En (Borger 2003 nr. 164 ; Unicode, U+12097 𒂗, see also Ensí) is the Sumer, Sumerian cuneiform for 'lord/lady' or 'priest[ess]'. Originally, it seems to have been used to designate a high priest or priestess of a Sumerian city-state's patron-deity – a position that entailed political power as well. It may also have been the original title of the ruler of Uruk. See Lugal#Lugal, ensi and en, ''Lugal, ensi and en'' for more details. Deities including En as part of their name include dingir, DEnlil, DEnki, DEngurun, and DSin (mythology), Enzu. Enheduanna, Akkadian language, Akkadian 2285 BC – 2250 BC was the first known holder of the title En, here meaning 'Priestess'. Archaic forms The corresponding Emesal, Emesal dialect word was UMUN, which may preserve an archaic form of the word. Earlier Emeg̃ir (the standard dialect of Sumerian) forms can be postulated as *''ewen'' or *''emen'', eventually dropping the middle consonant and becoming the familiar EN. Amarna letters: ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
