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National Security Service (Somalia)
The National Security Service (NSS) (, HNQ) was the primary intelligence agency of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1970 to 1990. The NSS was formed as the secret police under the government of Siad Barre in 1970, modelled after the KGB of the Soviet Union, and was formally dissolved in 1990 shortly before Barre's overthrow. In 2013, the Federal Government of Somalia re-established the NSS as the national intelligence service, renaming it the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). Organization and structure The NSS was subordinate to the Interior Ministry, and led by General Ahmed Saleebaan Abdalla ("Dafle") right through the 1970s until the mid-1980s. Abdalla was a son-in-law of the General and a member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). After that point, Abdiqasim Salad Hassan directed the agency during the closing years of the Barré regime. Hassan would later become a one-time President of Somalia under the Transitional National Governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Language
Somali is an Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic languages, Cushitic branch, primarily spoken by the Somalis, Somali people, native to Greater Somalia. It is an official language in Somalia, Somaliland, and Ethiopia; one of the two national languages in Djibouti; and a recognised minority language in Kenya. Somali is officially written in the Latin script (Somali Latin alphabet), with the Arabic script (Wadaad's writing) and several local scripts (Osmanya script, Osmanya, Kaddare script, Kaddare and Gadabuursi Somali Script, Borama scripts) being informally used.Lewis, I.M. (1958)The Gadabuursi Somali Script ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, Vol. 21, pp. 134–156. Classification Somali is classified within the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family, specifically, Lowland East Cushitic languages, Lowland East Cushitic in addition to Afar language, Afar and Saho language, Saho. Somali is the bes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transitional National Government
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of Somalia from 2000 to 2004. Overview The TNG was established in 20 April–5 May 2000 at the Somalia National Peace Conference held in Arta, Djibouti. In principle, the Transitional National Charter, which gave rise to the TNG, recognized de facto regional autonomy and the existence of new entities in the north of the former Somalia, home to relatively homogenous clans. In some parts of Somalia, however, decentralization meant state authority disintegrated. Somalia's powerful neighbor, Ethiopia, immediately opposed the TNG, fearing that Somali reunification would reignite claims on the Ogaden region. In response, Ethiopia supported groups in Somalia that resisted the TNG and actively sponsored the formation of opposition alliances to preserve its strategic interests. Most notably, it sponsored the creation of a powerful anti-TNG warlord coalition called the Somalia Reconciliation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dahir Riyale Kahin
Dahir Riyale Kahin (, ; born 12 March 1952) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010. He previously served as a senior officer in the National Security Service in Somalia, and he was Vice President of Somaliland from 1997 to 2002 Personal life Kahin was born in the town of Quljeed, situated in the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. He hails from the Jibreel Younis sub-clan of the Gadabuursi clan. He was educated in Amoud, and was later trained in Mogadishu. Career Early career Kahin's previous posts included a diplomatic position at the Somali Embassy in Djibouti. In the last years of the Siad Barre government, during the 1980s, Kahin was the highest-ranking National Security Service (NSS) officer in Berbera.Human Rights Watch (Organization), Chris Albin-Lackey, ''Hostages to peace: threats to human rights and democracy in Somaliland'', (Human Rights Watch: 2009), p.13. He was stationed in Las Anod in 1981 to 1982. From 1997 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Abshir Farah
Hassan Abshir Farah (, ; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to November 8, 2003, he was also prime minister of Somalia. Farah was an MP in the Federal Parliament of Somalia. Biography Farah was born in 1945 in the former Italian Somaliland. He hailed from Majeerteen subclan of Darod. Between 1961 and 1965, he attended secondary school in Mogadishu, the nation's capital. He spent the next two years at the Egyptian Military Academy in Cairo, Egypt. Between 1980 and 1986, Hassan also studied at the Somali National University, where he obtained a degree in Law. Political career Mayor of Mogadishu Farah's political career began in 1969, when he was a junior member of the military junta that took control of Somalia in 1969 under Siad Barre. His first official role was working as vice district commissioner of Mogadishu. In the 1970s, Hassan was appointed ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Somalia
The prime minister of Somalia () is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first prime minister was Abdullahi Issa, who served prior to independence in the Trust Territory of Somaliland. The current prime minister of the Federal Republic of Somalia is Hamza Abdi Barre, approved by the House of the People on 25 June 2022. List Somali prime ministers are given a new number even when they are reappointed. For example, former prime minister Omar Sharmarke wrote on his Twitter page, "13th and 18th Prime Minister of Somalia." The seat had long been vacant since Umar Ghalib stepped down as prime minister, but Ali Khalif Galaydh became the eighth in August 2000. The acting prime minister is not numbered. For example, Osman Jama Ali was acting prime minister between Ali Khalif Galaydh, the eighth, and Hassan Abshir Farah, the ninth, he didn't get a number. In June 2022, Hamza Abdi Barre succeeded the 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transitional Federal Government
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (, , ) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012. It was established in Nairobi, Kenya, following the Transitional National Government of Somalia, Transitional National Government (TNG), and formed part of an internationally backed peace process aimed at restoring state institutions after the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991. The TFG operated under the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Transitional Federal Charter and represented the 14th attempt to establish a central government since the outbreak of civil war. Initially based in Kenya, the TFG relocated to Somalia in 2005 amid internal divisions and low public confidence. The first administration, led by President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Abdullahi Yusuf, was plagued by disputes over the deployment of foreign troops, deep factionalism, and competing claims of authority. With stron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mohammed Ghedi
Ali Mohammed Gedi (, ) (born 2 October 1952), popularly known as Ali Gedi, is a Somali politician who served as Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) from 2004 to 2007. A former academic and veterinary doctor based in Addis Ababa, Gedi was a little-known figure prior to his appointment in November 2004, the result of intensive lobbying by the Ethiopian government. Widely viewed as corrupt and an impediment to reconciliation, he resigned in October 2007 was replaced by Nur Hassan Hussein as PM. Early Life Ali Mohamed Gedi was born in Mogadishu, Somalia in 1952. He is from the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye. Gedi was raised by his paternal grandmother and later by his stepmother. Gedi's father was an officer in the military and in 1978 joined the National Security Service (NSS) under the reign of Siad Barre at the rank of Colonel. Gedi was recruited by the NSS during high school and college, tasked with surveilling and reporting on fellow students. He went ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interior Minister
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a Cabinet (government), cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency management, supervision of regional and local governments, conduct of elections, public administration and immigration (including passport issuance) matters. This position is head of a department that is often called an interior ministry, a ministry of internal affairs or a ministry of home affairs. In some jurisdictions, there is no department called an "interior ministry", but the relevant responsibilities are allocated to other departments. Remit and role In some countries, the public security portfolio belongs to a separate ministry (under a title like "ministry of public order" or "ministry of security"), with the interior ministry being limited to control over local governments, public administration, election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP, , XHKS, , ) was the ruling party of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1976 to 1991. History SRSP was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the party general secretary. A five-member politburo, consisting of Barre, Lt. General Mohammad Ali Samatar (vice president), Major General Hussein Kulmiye Afrah (2nd vice president), Brig. Ahmad Sulaymaan Abdullah and Brig. Ismail Ali Abukor (who was later replaced by Brig. Ahmad Mahamuud Faarah) was constituted. Party cadres also included prominent socialists such as Abdi Hashi Abdullahi, Abdulrahman Aidiid, Mohamed F. Weyrah and (a well known socialist economist) and Abukar Sh. M Hussien. During a brief period, prior to the escalation of conflict with Ethiopia in 1977, the SRSP developed relations with foreign communist parties, such as the Communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victory Pioneers
The Victory Pioneers () were a neighborhood-level secret police unit active in the closing years of the Siad Barre regime in Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ..., until its overthrow in 1991. Numbering approximately 10,000, they were also known as the "People's Militia". Synopsis According to a U.S. Library of Congress Country Study published in 1993, "Pioneer units, xistingin every town and village, ensured loyalty to Siad Barre's regime by encouraging people to spy on each other in the work place, schools, mosques, and private homes." After the more widely known NSS was formally dissolved in 1990 as a palliative measure, its functions were taken over by other units within Barré's internal security apparatus, such as the '' Hangash'' (a military intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hangash
The Hangash (), an acronym standing for Defence Security Agency, was a notorious secret police unit of the Siad Barre regime in Somalia until his overthrow in 1991. Overview Created in the aftermath of the 1978 coup attempt, the official purpose of the Hangash was to maintain surveillance over the Somali Armed Forces and the more widely known National Security Service (NSS). As the Barré government's crackdown on political activity became more severe, however, the Hangash acquired direct powers in civilian matters, overlapping with those of NSS. According to a 1993 Country Study published by the U.S. Library of Congress, " entually, the Hangash, which operated without legal authority, became more feared than the NSS". When the NSS was formally dissolved in 1990, many of its activities were subsumed by the Hangash and other institutions comprising the security apparatus of the Barré regime, such as the Mobile Military Court (MMC), the Regional Security Council (RSC), and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
