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NarrowBand IOT
Narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed by 3GPP for cellular network devices and services. The specification was frozen in 3GPP Release 13 ( LTE Advanced Pro), in June 2016. Other 3GPP IoT technologies include eMTC (enhanced Machine-Type Communication) and EC-GSM-IoT. NB-IoT focuses specifically on indoor coverage, long battery life, and high connection density. NB-IoT uses a subset of the LTE standard, but limits the bandwidth to a single narrow-band of 200kHz. It uses OFDM modulation for downlink communication and SC-FDMA for uplink communications. IoT applications which require more frequent communications will be better served by LTE-M, which has no duty cycle limitations operating on the licensed spectrum. In March 2019, the Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) announced that over 100 operators had either NB-IoT or LTE-M networks. This number had risen to 142 deployed/launched networ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low-power Wide-area Network
A low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN or LPWA network) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long-range communication at a low bit rate between IoT devices, such as sensors operated on a battery. Low power, low bit rate, and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel. A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology. Attributes # Range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and underground locations. # Power: LPW ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weightless (wireless Communications)
Weightless was a set of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) wireless technology specifications for exchanging data between a base station and many of machines around it. History Cambridge Wireless held an event at the Moller Centre in Cambridge, United Kingdom on September 30, 2011. Neul, Landis+Gyr, Cable & Wireless, and ARM Holdings provided presentations. The Weightless Special Interest Group promoted the technology (SIG), announced on December 7, 2012. The group was led by William Webb, a professor at Cambridge and a founder of the company Neul. A subsequent event was held in September 2013, when version 1.0 was published. The name Weightless was chosen to reflect the intention at a low overhead per transmission for devices that need to communicate just a low amounts of data. The Weightless logo appears in uppercase letters with the 'W' appearing in the top-right corner of a light blue box with a solid blue line above it. In September 2014, Neul was acquired by Huawei fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigfox
Sigfox 0G technology is a global Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA) networking protocol founded in 2010 and adopted by 70+ Sigfox 0G Network Operators globally. This wireless network was designed to connect low-power objects such as electricity meters securely, at low-cost, emitting small amounts of data. Sigfox is based in Labège near Toulouse, France, and once had over 375 employees in Madrid, San Francisco, Sydney and Paris. The former Sigfox entity had raised more than $300 million from investors that included Salesforce, Intel, Samsung, NTT, SK Telecom, energy groups Total and Air Liquide. In November 2016 Sigfox was valued at around €600 million. In January 2022 it filed for bankruptcy. In April 2022 Singapore-based IoT company UnaBiz acquired the Sigfox 0G technology and its French network operations for a reported €25 million ($27m). As of December 2024, the Sigfox 0G network managed by UnaBiz supports over 14 million active connected devices worldwide. Technology Sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Static Context Header Compression
Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) is a standard compression and fragmentation mechanism defined in thIPv6 over LPWAN working groupat the IETF. It offers compression and fragmentation of IPv6/ UDP/ CoAP packets to allow their transmission over the Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN). Compression scheme tailored to LPWAN About LPWAN Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) gathers the connectivity technologies tailored for Internet of Things (IoT), allowing for: * long-range communication (up to 40 km), * very low energy consumption (on the device side), * and energy efficiency (for networks). The trade-off for achieving these features includes severe limitation in terms of throughput and packet size supported. Also, LPWAN come with limitations on transmission modalities since, in order to save battery, devices are dormant most of the time and wake up only episodically to transmit and receive data for a short time window. As a result, the LPWAN use their specific pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NB-Fi
NB-Fi Protocol is an open LPWAN protocol, which operates in unlicensed ISM radio band. Using the NB-Fi Protocol in devices allows data transmission range of up to 10 km in dense urban conditions, and up to 30 km in rural areas with up to 10 years on battery power. NB-Fi Protocol is developed by WAVIoT. Technology NB-Fi Protocol employs a Narrow Band technology that enables communication using the Industrial, Scientific and Medical ISM radio band (and in other parts of sub-GHz license-free spectrum as well). NB-Fi devices could be manufactured using widespread electronic components which could easily be manufactured or purchased in every particular country. WAVIoT has developed an NB-Fi transceiver that encapsulates the NB-Fi protocol at a physical layer. The NB-Fi transceiver supports 430–500 MHz and 860–925 MHz frequency bands at 50 to 25,600 bit/s data rates. The network is based on one-hop star topology and requires a SDR-technology base stations to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPWAN
A low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN or LPWA network) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long-range communication at a low bit rate between IoT devices, such as sensors operated on a battery. Low power, low bit rate, and intended use distinguish this type of network from a wireless WAN that is designed to connect users or businesses, and carry more data, using more power. The LPWAN data rate ranges from 0.3 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s per channel. A LPWAN may be used to create a private wireless sensor network, but may also be a service or infrastructure offered by a third party, allowing the owners of sensors to deploy them in the field without investing in gateway technology. Attributes # Range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and underground locations. # Power: L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LoRaWAN
LoRa (from "long range", sometimes abbreviated as "LR") is a physical proprietary radio communication technique. It is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. It was developed by Cycleo, a company of Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014. In March 2012, Cycleo was acquired by the US company Semtech. LoRaWAN (long range wide area network) defines the communication protocol and system architecture. LoRaWAN is an official standard of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ITU-T Y.4480. The continued development of the LoRaWAN protocol is managed by the open, non-profit LoRa Alliance, of which Semtech is a founding member. Together, LoRa and LoRaWAN define a low-power, wide-area (LPWA) networking protocol designed to wirelessly connect battery operated devices to the Internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of things (IoT) requirements, such as bi-directional communication, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-UTRA
E-UTRA is the air interface of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. It is an acronym for Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access, also known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access in early drafts of the 3GPP LTE specification. E-UTRAN is the combination of E-UTRA, user equipment (UE), and a Node B (E-UTRAN Node B or Evolved Node B, eNodeB). It is a radio access network (RAN) meant to be a replacement of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), and High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and beyond. Unlike HSPA, LTE's E-UTRA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA. It provides higher data rates, lower latency and is optimized for packet data. It uses orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) radio-access for the downlink and single-carrier frequency-divis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DASH7
DASH7 Alliance Protocol (D7A) is an open-source wireless sensor and actuator network protocol, which operates in the 433 MHz, 868 MHz and 915 MHz unlicensed ISM/SRD band. DASH7 provides multi-year battery life, range of up to 2 km, low latency for connecting with moving things, a very small open-source protocol stack, AES 128-bit shared-key encryption support, and data transfer of up to 167 kbit/s. The DASH7 Alliance Protocol is the name of the technology promoted by the non-profit consortium called the DASH7 Alliance. International standard DASH7 Alliance Protocol originates from the ISO/IEC 18000-7 standard describing a 433 MHz ISM band air interface for active RFID. This standard was mainly used for military logistics. The DASH7 Alliance re-purposed the original 18000-7 technology in 2011 and made it evolve toward a wireless sensor network technology for commercial applications. The DASH7 Alliance Protocol covers all sub-GHz ISM bands, makin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN (acronym of "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks") in '6LoWPAN: The Embedded Internet', Shelby and Bormann redefine the 6LoWPAN acronym as "IPv6 over lowpower wireless area networks," arguing that "Personal" is no longer relevant to the technology. was a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It was created with the intention of applying the Internet Protocol (IP) even to the smallest devices,Mulligan, Geoff"The 6LoWPAN architecture" EmNets '07: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors, ''ACM'', 2007 enabling low-power devices with limited processing capabilities to participate in the Internet of Things. The 6LoWPAN group defined encapsulation, header compression, neighbor discovery and other mechanisms that allow IPv6 to operate over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks. Although IPv4 and IPv6 protocols do not generally care about the physical and MAC layers they operate over, the low-power devices and small packet siz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
