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Morteza Avini
Sayyid Morteza Avini ( fa, سید مرتضی آوینی; also spelled Aviny; 23 September 1947 – 9 April 1993) was an Iranian documentary filmmaker, author, and theoretician of " Islamic Cinema." He studied Architecture at Tehran University in 1965. During the Iranian Revolution, Avini started his artistic career as a director of documentary films, and is considered a prominent war filmmaker. He made over 80 films on the Iran–Iraq War. According to Agnes Devictor, Avini invented original cinematography methods, depicting the esoteric side of the Iran–Iraq War in terms of Shia mystical thought. Most of his work was devoted to reflecting how '' bassijis'' perceived the war and their role in it. His most famous work is the documentary series '' Ravayat-e Fath'' (''Narration of Victory''), which was filmed during the Iran–Iraq War. He was killed by a landmine explosion in 1993, while filming. He was described as a ''Shahid'' (martyr) after his death, and Ayatollah Ali Khame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardar (IRGC)
Sardar ( fa, سردار), roughly equivalent to "General", is the honorific title used for officers of high rank, ranking Second Brigadier General and higher in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and commanders of the Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran (Police) who have previously served in the former military or the Islamic Revolution Committees, as well as the commanders of the disbanded Jihad of Construction. Sardars are often graduates of the University of Command and Staff. The title is equivalent to "''Amir''" or "''Timsar''" in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. Ranks being addressed by the title include: See also * Rank insignia of the Iranian military The Rank insignia of the Iranian military are the ranks used by Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces. The armed forces are split into the Islamic Republic of Iran Army and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The ranks used by the Law Enforcem ... References Titles in Iran {{i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farvardin
Farvardin ( fa, فروردین, ) is the Iranian Persian name for the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar, the official calendar of Iran, and corresponds with Aries on the Zodiac. Farvardin has thirty-one days. It is the first month of the spring season (''Bahar''), and is followed by Ordibehesht. The Afghan Pashto name for it is Wray. In three out of every four years, Farvardin begins on March 21 and ends on April 20 of the Gregorian calendar. In the remaining years, it begins on March 19 or 22, and ends on April 18 or 21. Its associated astrological sign in the tropical zodiac is Aries. Events * 25 - 1244 - Assassination of Abraham Lincoln * 3 - 1319 - The Lahore Resolution was enacted by prominent Indian Muslim leaders demanding independence of Muslim majority areas of western British India (later to become Pakistan). * 18 - 1275 - The first Summer Olympic Games of the modern era begins in Athens, Greece, coinciding with the 75th anniversary of the Greek War o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IRIB
The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB; fa, صدا و سيمای جمهوری اسلامی ايران, ''Sedā va Sīmā-ye Jomhūri-ye Eslāmi-ye Īrān'', , formerly called National Iranian Radio and Television until the Iranian revolution of 1979) is an Iranian state-controlled media corporation that holds a monopoly of domestic radio and television services in Iran. It is also among the largest media organizations in Asia and the Pacific region and a regular member of the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. Its head is appointed directly by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. With 13,000 employees and branches in 20 countries worldwide, including France, Belgium, Malaysia, Lebanon, United Kingdom, the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting offers both domestic and foreign radio and television services, broadcasting 12 domestic television channels, 4 international news television channels, six satellite television channels for international ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction Jihad
Jihad of Construction or Construction Jihad ( fa, جهاد سازندگی ''Jahād-e Sāzandegī''), or simply Jihad ( ''Jahād'') was one of Organizations of the Iranian Revolution. The organization began as a movement of volunteers to help with the 1979 harvest, but soon was institutionalized and took on a broader, more developmental role in the countryside. It was involved with road building, piped water, electrification, clinics, schools, and irrigation canals. It also provides "extension services, seeds, loans," etc. to small farmers. During the Iran–Iraq War, the organization held a combat engineering responsibility. They were active in various operation of the war, most notably in Operation Fath ol-Mobin, Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas, Operation Kheibar, and Operation Dawn 8. Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini has called them the "trench-less trench-makers" ( ''sangar-sāzān-e bi-sangar''). The organization engaged in development activities overseas in Tanzania (from 198 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Paris (post-1970)
, image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and anywhere on Earth , established = Founded: c. 1150Suppressed: 1793Faculties reestablished: 1806University reestablished: 1896Divided: 1970 , type = Corporative then public university , city = Paris , country = France , campus = Urban The University of Paris (french: link=no, Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, active from 1150 to 1970, with the exception between 1793 and 1806 under the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris, it was considered the second-oldest university in Europe. Haskins, C. H.: ''The Rise of Universities'', Henry Holt and Company, 1923, p. 292. Officially chartered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnes Devictor
Agnes or Agness may refer to: People *Agnes (name), the given name, and a list of people named Agnes or Agness * Wilfrid Marcel Agnès (1920–2008), Canadian diplomat Places * Agnes, Georgia, United States, a ghost town *Agnes, Missouri, United States, an unincorporated community *Agness, Oregon, United States, an unincorporated community * Agnes Township, Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States *Agnes, Victoria, Australia, a town Arts and entertainment Music *Agnes (band), a Christian rock band ** ''Agnes'' (album), 2005 album by rock band Agnes * "Agnes" (Donnie Iris song) 1980 *"Agnes", a song by Glass Animals for the album ''How to Be a Human Being'' *Agnes (singer) a Swedish recording artist Other arts and entertainment * Agnes (card game), a patience or solitaire card game * ''Agnes'' (comic strip), a syndicated comic strip by Tony Cochran * ''Agnes'' (film), a 2021 American horror film * ''Agnes'' (novel), by Peter Stamm *Agnes, the alias used by the character Ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morteza Avini's Handwriting-1
Murtaza or Morteza or Mortaza, a Persianate form of the Arabic Murtada or Murtadha ( ar, مرتضى, translit=Murtaḍā, lit=One Pleasing to God, label=none), is a common Muslim name. Pronunciation varies with accent, from native Arabic speakers to speakers of European and Asian languages. The name is an epithet of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Due to the rhyming nature, Murtaza is sometimes confused with Mustafa ('Chosen One'), an epithet of Muhammad. Honorific/regnal name * Ali ibn Abi Talib (601–661), son-in-law of Muhammad, fourth Rashidun Caliph, first Shi'a Imam * Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid, descendant of Ali, rose in revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate and assumed the name ''al-Murtadha'' as his regnal title. * Al-Murtada Muhammad (died 922), second Zaydi Imam of Yemen * Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada (d. 1266), thirteenth Almohad caliph * Sharif al-Murtaza (965–1044), Shi'a scholar * Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790), S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Thought And Legacy Of Ruhollah Khomeini
Khomeinism refers to the religious and political ideas of the leader of the Iranian Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini. Khomeinism also refers to the ruling clerical class of Iran after 1979. It can also be used to refer to the radicalization of segments of Shia populations of Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and the recruitment by the Iranian government of Shia minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Africa. The word Khomeinist and Khomeinists, derived from Khomeinism, are also used to describe members of Iran's clerical rulers and differentiate them from regular Shia Muslim clerics. Under Khomeini's leadership, Iran replaced its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Khomeini brought about a major paradigm shift in Shia Islam. He declared Islamic jurists the true holders of not only religious authority but political authority, who must be obeyed as "an expression of obedience to God", and whose rule has "precedence over all secondary ordinances in Islam such as pray ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Imam Khomeini ( , ; ; 17 May 1900 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian political and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the end of the Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's first supreme leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his period in power was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989. Khomeini was born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیتالله, āyatollāh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from Arabic word pre-modified with the definite article and post-modified with the word '' Allah'', making ( ar, آية الله). The combination has been translated to English as 'Sign of God', 'Divine Sign' or 'Reflection of God'. It is a frequently-used term in Quran, but its usage in this context is presumably a particular reference to the verse "We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their own selves", while it has been also used to refer to The Twelve Imams by Shias. Variants used are ( ar, آية الله في الأنعام, lit=Sign of God among mankind), ( ar, آية الله في العالمَین, lit=Sign of God in the two worlds, dual form) or ( ar, في العالمین, lit=in the worlds, plural form) and ( ar, آية ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massoud Behnoud
Masoud Behnoud ( fa, مسعود بهنود; born in Tehran) is an Iranian journalist, He began his career as a journalist in 1964. Since then he has worked as an investigating journalist for different newspapers. Behnoud lives in the United Kingdom and works as a journalist for a number of media organisations, mainly BBC Persian Service, for which he has worked for the past fourteen years. His debut in the West was the launch of ‘Khanoum’, by Pegasus Elliott McKenzie in November 2008. Biography Behnoud started his career as a journalist in 1964 and was active in the trade union of the Iranian journalists. During his career Behnoud produced and presented programmes for the National Iranian Radio and Television, and he founded a number of newspapers and magazines many of which were banned with the advent of 1979 Islamic revolution of Iran, with the editor and senior members of staff being arrested. An attempt to publish other newspapers later on was met with public interest t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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