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Monadeniidae
Monadeniinae is a taxonomic subfamily of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family XanthonychidaeMolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995491 on 2021-02-25 Anatomy This subfamily is defined by an absent diverticulum. The species have one dart apparatus, a stylophore (dart sac), one mucous gland, with a muscular duct that is inserted at base of the dart sac. Genera Genera within the subfamily Modaneiinae include: * ''Monadenia ''Monadenia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the subfamily Monadeniinae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=ta ...'' Pilsbry, 1895 - type genus References Xanthonychidae {{Xanthonychidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monadenia
''Monadenia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the subfamily Monadeniinae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995491 on 2021-02-25 These pulmonate, terrestrial molluscs belong to the gastropod class. Snails in this genus create and use love darts A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ... as part of their mating behavior. Species Species within the genus ''Monadenia'' include: * † '' Monadenia antecedens'' (Stearns, 1900) * '' Monadenia callipeplus'' S.S. Berry, 1940 * '' Monadenia chaceana'' S.S. Berry, 1940 * '' Monadenia churchi'' Hanna & A.G. Smith, 1933 * '' Monadenia circumcarinata'' (Stearns, 1879) - keeled sideb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monadenia Fidelis
''Monadenia fidelis'', commonly known as the Pacific sideband, is a medium-sized species of air-breathing land snail. ''M. fidelis'' is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Monadeniidae. These snails display a great deal of morphological variation: the shell of the Pacific sideband typically has a chestnut brown base, with bands of yellow, dark brown, and red. The body of the animal is rosy or purplish brown, with gray or black throughout. This species of snail reproduces using love darts. At 22 to 36 mm wide, it is the largest land snail species in the state of Washington. Distribution ''M. fidelis'' is endemic to the Pacific Coast of North America, and is found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. There is a significant amount of morphological variation among individuals of this species, and several distinct subspecies are recognized. While populations of this snail display distinct morphotypes, recent research in genom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an Order (biology), order, and before that a Class (biology), subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a Respiratory system of gastropods#Pulmonates, pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous Period to the present. Pulmonates have a single Atrium (heart), atrium and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a blood vessel, vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum (gastropod), operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transformed into a system of modern biological classification intended to reflect the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily (biology)
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ... * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrestrial Molluscs
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones. Characteristics This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature.Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2001, 558 pp. .Barker G. M. (ed.) Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2004, 644 pp. . All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda. However, colonization of the land took place several times during the evolutionary past, and as a result terrestrial molluscs are classified in several different, often not closely related, gastropod taxa. Ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class (biology), classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurobiology, neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthonychidae
Xanthonychidae is a family (biology), family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Xanthonychidae Strebel & Pfeffer, 1879. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994714 on 2021-02-25 This family is within the superorder Eupulmonata (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). 2017 taxonomy The family Xanthonychidae consists of the following subfamilies: * Echinichinae F.G. Thompson & Naranjo-García, 2012 * Epiphragmophorinae Hoffmann, 1928 * Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939 * Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939 * Lysinoinae Hoffmann, 1928 ** tribe Lysinoini Hoffmann, 1928 ** tribe Leptariontini H. Nordsieck, 1987 - synonym: Tryonigentinae Schileyko, 1991 ** tribe Metostracini H. Nordsieck, 1987 * Metostracinae H. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diverticulum
In medicine or biology, a diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, diverticula are described as being either true or false. In medicine, the term usually implies the structure is not normally present, but in embryology, the term is used for some normal structures arising from others, as for instance the thyroid diverticulum, which arises from the tongue. The word comes from Latin ''dīverticulum'', "bypath" or "byway". Classification Diverticula are described as being true or false depending upon the layers involved: *False diverticula (also known as "pseudodiverticula") do not involve muscular layers or adventitia. False diverticula, in the gastrointestinal tract for instance, involve only the submucosa and mucosa. *True diverticula involve all layers of the structure, including muscularis propria and adventitia, such as Meckel's diverticulum. Embryology *The kidne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Love Dart
A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place. Darts are quite large compared to the size of the animal: in the case of the semi-slug genus ''Parmarion'', the length of a dart can be up to one fifth that of the semi-slug's foot. The process of using love darts in snails is a form of sexual selection. Prior to copulation, each of the two snails (or slugs) attempts to "shoot" one (or more) darts into the other snail (or slug). There is no organ to receive the dart; this action is more analogous to stabbing, or to being shot with an arrow or flechette. The dart does not fly through the air to reach its target, but is "fired" as a contact shot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
