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Mycoplasma Mycoides
''Mycoplasma mycoides'' is a bacterial species of the genus ''Mycoplasma'' in the class Mollicutes. This microorganism is a parasite that lives in ruminants. ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' comprises two subspecies, ''Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, mycoides'' and ''Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, capri'', which infect cattle and small ruminants such as goats respectively. ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' subsp. ''mycoides'' The subspecies "''Mycoplasma mycoides'' subsp. ''mycoides'' (Mmm)", previously named "''Mycoplasma mycoides'' subsp. ''mycoides'' Small Colony (SC) type (MmmSC)", is known as the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a contagious lung disease of cattle. It was first isolated in 1898 by Edmond Nocard et al. and the first mycoplasma to be isolated at all. Formerly, ''M. mycoides'' subsp. ''mycoides'' was known as ''Asterococcus mycoides''. The ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' cluster ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' belongs to the ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' cluster, or Mycopla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amédée Borrel
Amédée Marie Vincent Borrel (1 August 1867 – 14 September 1936) was a French physician and microbiologist born in Cazouls-lès-Béziers, Hérault. Biography Borrel studied natural sciences and medicine at the University of Montpellier, where he earned his degree in 1890. From 1892 to 1895, Borrel worked in the laboratory of Ilya Ilyich Metchnikoff (1845–1916) at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Here he performed research of tuberculosis, and with Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943) and Léon Charles Albert Calmette (1863–1933), he worked on a vaccine against bubonic plague. With Yersin and Calmette, he co-published the treatise ''Le microbe de la peste à bubons'' concerning the plague bacillus. He is also credited for pioneer investigations on the virology, viral theory of cancer. From 1896 to 1914 he served as laboratory chief of the microbiology course at the Pasteur Institute. In 1919 he attained the chair of bacteriology at the University of Strasbourg. A genus of bac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoplasma Mycoides Group
''Mycoplasma'' is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class ''Mollicutes'', lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane. The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. In casual speech, the name ''"mycoplasma"'' (plural ''mycoplasmas'' or ''mycoplasms'') generally refers to all members of the class Mollicutes. In formal scientific classification, the designation ''Mycoplasma'' refers exclusively to the genus, a member of the Mycoplasmataceae, the only family in the order Mycoplasmatales (see "scientific classification"). In 2018, ''Mycoplasma'' was split with many clinically significant species moved to other genera in Mollicutes; see the page Mollicutes for an overview. Etymology The term "mycoplasma", from the Greek μύκης, ' (fungus) and πλάσμα, ' (formed), was first used by Albe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryozoa
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. ''psychrophilic'' or ''cryophilic'') are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from to . They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', . Many such organisms are bacteria or archaea, but some eukaryotes such as lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and wingless midges, are also classified as psychrophiles. Biology Habitat The cold environments that psychrophiles inhabit are ubiquitous on Earth, as a large fraction of the planetary surface experiences temperatures lower than 10 °C. They are present in permafrost, polar ice, glaciers, snowfields and deep ocean waters. These organisms can also be found in pockets of sea ice with high sali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minimal Genome Project
''Mycoplasma laboratorium'' or Synthia refers to a plan to produce a synthetic strain of bacterium. The project to build the new bacterium has evolved since its inception. Initially the goal was to identify a minimal set of genes that are required to sustain life from the genome of ''Mycoplasma genitalium'', and rebuild these genes synthetically to create a "new" organism. ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' was originally chosen as the basis for this project because at the time it had the smallest number of genes of all organisms analyzed. Later, the focus switched to ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' and took a more trial-and-error approach. To identify the minimal genes required for life, each of the 482 genes of ''M. genitalium'' was individually deleted and the viability of the resulting mutants was tested. This resulted in the identification of a minimal set of 382 genes that theoretically should represent a minimal genome. In 2008 the full set of ''M. genitalium'' genes was constructed in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transposase
A transposase is any of a class of enzymes capable of binding to the end of a transposon and catalysing its movement to another part of a genome, typically by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. The word "transposase" was first coined by the individuals who cloned the enzyme required for transposition of the Tn3 transposon. The existence of transposons was postulated in the late 1940s by Barbara McClintock, who was studying the inheritance of maize, but the actual molecular basis for transposition was described by later groups. McClintock discovered that some segments of chromosomes changed their position, jumping between different loci or from one chromosome to another. The repositioning of these transposons (which coded for color) allowed other genes for pigment to be expressed. Transposition in maize causes changes in color; however, in other organisms, such as bacteria, it can cause antibiotic resistance. Transposition is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insertion Sequence
Insertion element (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element. Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500 bp in length) and only code for proteins implicated in the transposition activity (they are thus different from other transposons, which also carry accessory genes such as antibiotic resistance genes). A particular insertion sequence may be named according to the form IS''n'', where ''n'' is a number (e.g. IS''1'', IS''2'', IS''3'', IS''10'', IS''50'', IS''911'', IS''26'' etc.); this is not the only naming scheme used, however. Composition These proteins are usually the transposase which catalyses the enzymatic reaction allowing the IS to move, and also one regulatory protein which either stimulates or inhibits the transposition activity. The coding region in an insertion sequence is usua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most important of these proteins are the histones. Aided by chaperone proteins, the histones bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. These eukaryotic chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure that has a significant role in transcriptional regulation. Normally, chromosomes are visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division, where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form. Before this stage occurs, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase), and the two copies are joined by a centromere—resulting in either an X-shaped structure if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-armed structure if the centromere is located distally; the jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Contagious may refer to: * Contagious disease Literature * Contagious (magazine), a marketing publication * ''Contagious'' (novel), a science fiction thriller novel by Scott Sigler Music Albums *''Contagious'' (Peggy Scott-Adams album), 1997 * ''Contagious'' (Sitti album), 2009 * ''Contagious'' (Third Day album), 1994 * ''Contagious'' (Y&T album), 1987 *''Contagious'', a 1987 album by The Bar-Kays *''Contagious'', a 2009 album by Tarrus Riley *''Contagious'', a 2012 album by Terron Brooks *''Contagious'', a 2003 EP by Arena Songs * "Contagious" (song), a 2001 song by The Isley Brothers *"Contagious" by Anarbor, from the album '' The Words You Don't Swallow'' *"Contagious" by Avril Lavigne, from the album '' The Best Damn Thing'' *"Contagious" by Boys Like Girls, from the album '' Love Drunk'' *"Contagious" by Collective Soul, from the album '' See What You Started by Continuing'' *"Contagious" by Ludacris featuring Jamie Foxx, from the album '' Theater of the Mind'' *"Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoplasma Capricolum Subsp
''Mycoplasma'' is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class ''Mollicutes'', lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane. The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. In casual speech, the name ''"mycoplasma"'' (plural ''mycoplasmas'' or ''mycoplasms'') generally refers to all members of the class Mollicutes. In formal scientific classification, the designation ''Mycoplasma'' refers exclusively to the genus, a member of the Mycoplasmataceae, the only family in the order Mycoplasmatales (see "scientific classification"). In 2018, ''Mycoplasma'' was split with many clinically significant species moved to other genera in Mollicutes; see the page Mollicutes for an overview. Etymology The term "mycoplasma", from the Greek μύκης, ' (fungus) and πλάσμα, ' (formed), was first used by Albe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycoplasma Capricolum
''Mycoplasma capricolum'' is a species of ''Mycoplasma'' bacteria. It is primarily a pathogen of goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a species of Caprinae, goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the ...s, but has also been found in sheep and cows. The species requires external sources of cholesterol to grow or survive (which usually comes in the form of a natural fatty acid auxotroph), but the uptaken fatty acid is not used as a substrate for energy production but rather for phospholipid synthesis instead. It (specifically the ''capripneumoniae'' subspecies) causes a disease in goats called contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). References Further reading * External linksMycoplasma capricolumat MicrobeWikiType strain of ''Mycoplasma capricolum'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Goats capricolum< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu Stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: * – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; * – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; * – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning of "more" or "most". Thus ''sensu strict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
