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Musa Ngum
Musa Ngum (or Musa Afia Ngum, also spelled as "Moussa Ngom"; born 1953 in Fatoto, Kantora District in the Upper River Division, The Gambia; died 11 October 2015 at the Dantec Hospital (French language, Fr.: ''Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec''), Dakar, Senegal) was a singer and songwriter who was very popular in Senegal and Gambia. He was one of the pioneers of mbalax music, and "helped to define the mbalax style of popular music in the Senegambia" and "had a strong influence on Youssou N'Dour and other mbalax pioneers". He was "something of a cult icon back in the Senegambia region, and a pioneer of the mbalax fusion style". The mbalax, which originated from the Serer religion, Serer religious and ultra–conservative njuup, njuup music tradition sang during Ndut initiation rite, Ndut rites by circumcised boys (also referred to as "Kassak" songs) was the foundation of Ngum's music career. He mastered many of the njuup classics and built a name for himself while at the same time develop ...
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Fatoto
Fatoto is a small town in eastern The Gambia, Gambia on the Gambia River. It is located in Kantora District in the Upper River Division. As of 2009, it had an estimated population of 1,685. Fatoto was a major market town in the Upper River Region by at least 1921, attracting business from neighboring Senegal. A bridge over the Gambia river, funded by the Chinese government, opened in October 2021. Climate References

Populated places in the Gambia Upper River Division {{Gambia-geo-stub ...
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Ndut Initiation Rite
The Ndut is a rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion that every Serer (an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania) must go through once in their lifetime. The Serer people being an ethnoreligious group, the Ndut initiation rite is also linked to Serer culture. Niang, Cheikh Ibrahima, Boiro, Hamadou, "Social Construction of Male Circumcision in West Africa, A Case Study of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau", n Reproductive Health Matters (2007/ref> From the moment a Serer child is born, education plays a pivotal role throughout their Biological life cycle, life cycle. The ndut is one of these phases of their life cycle. In Serer society, education lasts a lifetime, from infancy to old age. Etymology The name Ndut comes from the language of the Ndut people, a sub-group of the Serer people. In a religious sense, it means nest. It is a place of sanctuary, and the place where Serer boys lodge in preparation for their circumcision. The ...
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The Daily Observer
''The Daily Observer'' is a newspaper published in Bakau in Banjul, the Gambia. The paper, Gambia's first daily newspaper,Gabriel I. H. Williams, ''Liberia: the heart of darkness'', Trafford Publishing, 2002, p.333 was founded by Mae Gene and Kenneth Best in 1990. Kenneth Best had previously managed another paper called the '' Daily Observer'' in Liberia, until the First Liberian Civil War caused him to relocate with his family to the Gambia. In October 1994, following Yahya Jammeh's military coup, Best was expelled from Gambia, although the newspaper was allowed to continue. Ebrima Ceesay, who was a journalist with the Observer at the time, became the editor of the Daily Observer newspaper after the deportation of Kenneth Best to Liberia. It was eventually shutdown by tax authorities on 23 August 2017 for non-compliance of its tax obligations. In the early 1990s, the paper ran its ''History Corner'' on its weekend supplement (the Weekend Observer). The Gambian statesman and h ...
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Lie Ngum
A lie is an assertion that is believed to be false, typically used with the purpose of deceiving or misleading someone. The practice of communicating lies is called lying. A person who communicates a lie may be termed a liar. Lies can be interpreted as deliberately false statements or misleading statements, though not all statements that are literally false are considered lies – metaphors, hyperboles, and other figurative rhetoric are not intended to mislead, while lies are explicitly meant for literal interpretation by their audience. Lies may also serve a variety of instrumental, interpersonal, or psychological functions for the individuals who use them. Generally, the term "lie" carries a negative connotation, and depending on the context a person who communicates a lie may be subject to social, legal, religious, or criminal sanctions; for instance, perjury, or the act of lying under oath, can result in criminal and civil charges being pressed against the perjurer. Alt ...
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Yusupha Ngum
Yusupha Ngum is a singer and songwriter from Gambia, also known by the stage name "Joloffman". He has performed in a variety of styles, including mbalax, folk music, rap, jazz fusion, and Afro fusion music. Yusupha is currently based in Australia. Life Yusupha's father was Musa Ngum (also often spelled "Moussa Ngom"). Musa Ngum was a griot, and a highly successful singer in Gambia and Senegal. Yusupha followed in the griot tradition of his father."Jaaleekaay, a West African musical crossing point"
, '''', April 22, 2016.
When he was growing up, Yusupha went to a Franco-Arab school in Senegal.


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Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism is a nationalist movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all Indigenous peoples of Africa, indigenous peoples and diasporas of African ancestry. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, the Red Sea slave trade, Slavery in South Africa, slavery in the Cape Colony (now South Africa), along with slavery in Mauritius, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Americas and Black Europeans of African ancestry, Europe. Pan-Africanism is said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against Slavery, enslavement and colonization and this struggle may be traced back to the first resistance on slave ships—rebellions and suicides—through the constant plantation and colonial uprisings and the Back-to-Africa movement, "Back to Africa" movements of the 19th century ...
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The Point (the Gambia)
''The Point'' is a daily newspaper published in Bakau, the Gambia. History On 16 December 1991, ''The Point'' was founded by Pap Saine, Deyda Hydara, and Babucarr Gaye; Hydara and Saine had been friends since childhood. Gaye resigned four months later, and Hydara and Saine ran the paper together for the next decade. Saine also worked as a Reuters correspondent for West Africa. During the first two years of its establishment, the paper came out every Monday, and then every Monday and Thursday. In 1995, the paper came out thrice weekly, and then four times a week in 2001 (on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays). In 2006, the paper became a daily newspaper. In the early 2000s, the paper ran a weekly history column. The Gambian statesman and historian Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof was a columnist and contributor to that column, some of which included ''The Genesis of The Half-Die Mosque'' by Alieu Ebrima Joof (Friday, 9 May 2003). On 16 December 2004, Deyda Hydar, one of the pa ...
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Ndut Initiation Rite
The Ndut is a rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion that every Serer (an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania) must go through once in their lifetime. The Serer people being an ethnoreligious group, the Ndut initiation rite is also linked to Serer culture. Niang, Cheikh Ibrahima, Boiro, Hamadou, "Social Construction of Male Circumcision in West Africa, A Case Study of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau", n Reproductive Health Matters (2007/ref> From the moment a Serer child is born, education plays a pivotal role throughout their Biological life cycle, life cycle. The ndut is one of these phases of their life cycle. In Serer society, education lasts a lifetime, from infancy to old age. Etymology The name Ndut comes from the language of the Ndut people, a sub-group of the Serer people. In a religious sense, it means nest. It is a place of sanctuary, and the place where Serer boys lodge in preparation for their circumcision. The ...
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Godfrey Mwakikagile
Godfrey Mwakikagile (born 4 October 1949 in Kigoma) is a Tanzanian scholar and author specialising in African studies. He was also a news reporter for ''The Standard'' (later renamed the '' Daily News'') — the oldest and largest English newspaper in Tanzania and one of the three largest in East Africa. Mwakikagile wrote ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'' — a biographical book on the life of former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere set in the backdrop of Africa's early post-colonial years and the liberation wars in the countries of southern Africa in which Nyerere played a major role. Growing up in the 1950s, Mwakikagile experienced a form of apartheid and racial segregation in Tanganyika, what is now mainland Tanzania, and wrote about it in some of his works, as he did about the political climate of Tanganyika during the colonial era, in books such as ''Reflections on Race Relations: A Personal Odyssey'', ''Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties'' and ''Life under British ...
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Senegambia Region
The Senegambia (other names: Senegambia region or Senegambian zone,Barry, Boubacar, ''Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade'', (Editors: David Anderson, Carolyn Brown; trans. Ayi Kwei Armah; contributors: David Anderson, American Council of Learned Societies, Carolyn Brown, University of Michigan. Digital Library Production Service, Christopher Clapham, Michael Gomez, Patrick Manning, David Robinson, Leonardo A. Villalon), Cambridge University Press (1998) p. 5,(Retrieved 15 March 2019) Senegàmbi in Wolof language, Wolof and Pulaar, Senegambi in Serer) is, in the narrow sense, a historical name for a geographical region in West Africa, named after the Senegal River in the north and the Gambia River in the south. However, there are also text sources which state that Senegambia is understood in a broader sense and equated with the term the Western region. This refers to the coastal areas between Senegal and Sierra Leone, where the inland border in the east was not further defi ...
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Serer People
The Serer people (''Serer language, Serer proper'': Seereer or Sereer) are a West African ethnoreligious groupGastellu, Jean-Marc, ''Petit traité de matrilinarité. L'accumulation dans deux sociétés rurales d'Afrique de l'Ouest'', Cahiers ORSTOM, série Sciences Humaines 4 (1985) [in] Gastellu, Jean-Marc, ''Matrilineages, Economic Groups and Differentiation in West Africa: A Note'', O.R.S.T.O.M. Fonds Documentaire (1988), pp 1, 2–4 (pp 272–4), 7 (p 277/ref>Marguerite Dupire, Dupire, Marguerite, ''Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée Ndut people, sereer ndut'', KARTHALA Editions (1994). For ''tim'' and ''den yaay'' (see p. 116). The book also deals in depth about the Serer matriclans and means of succession through the matrilineal line. See pp. 38, 95–99, 104, 119–20, 123, 160, 172–74,/ref> They fought against jihads in the 19th century, and subsequently opposed French colonial rule - resulting in Serer victory at the famous Battle of Djilass (13 May 1859), and the Fre ...
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Ngum
Ngom can be: *A village in Nigeria *It is also spelt Ngum is a West African surname of the Serer people found in Senegal and the Gambia. Notable people with the surname Ngom include: * Dawda Ngum, Gambian footballer *Ousmane Ngom * Khady Yacine Ngom *Musa Ngum, Gambian singer and songwriter *Yusupha Ngum Yusupha Ngum is a singer and songwriter from Gambia, also known by the stage name "Joloffman". He has performed in a variety of styles, including mbalax, folk music, rap, jazz fusion, and Afro fusion music. Yusupha is currently based in Australia ..., Gambian singer and songwriter *Hassane Ngom, Professional boxer {{surname Surnames of Serer origin ...
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