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Monocercomonas
''Monocercomonas'' is a Parabasalian genus belonging to the order Trichomonadida. It presents four flagella, three forward-facing and one trailing, without the presence of a costa or any kind of undulating membrane. ''Monocercomonas'' is found in animal guts.Reyes, R. PÉREZ. "Insect Protozoa. I. Monocercomonas and Other Small Flagellates of Mexican Insects." In Proceedings of the First International Congress of Parasitology, édité par AUGUSTO Corradetti, 600‑601. Pergamon, 1966. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-2913-3.50480-9. and is susceptible to cause Monocercomoniasis in reptiles Etymology Mono: single, kerko: tail (one trailing flagella) monas from monad. History The first description of this genus was made by Grassi in 1979. ''Monocercomonas sp.'' was initially found in snake guts. The taxa was independently discovered by Kofoid and Swezy in 1915, and named Eutrichomastix. ''Monocercomonas'' is discovered in beetle guts in 1966, and later found in other inve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parabasalid
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata. Most of these eukaryotic organisms form a symbiotic relationship in animals. These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants. Other species within this supergroup are known parasites, and include human pathogens. Characteristics The flagella are arranged in one or more clusters near the anterior of the cell. Their basal bodies are linked to parabasal fibers that attach to prominent Golgi complexes, distinctive to the group. Usually they also give rise to a sheet of cross-like microtubules that runs down the center of the cell and in some cases projects past the end. This is called the axostyle, but is different in structure from the axostyles of oxymonads. Parabasalids are anaerobic, and lack mitochondria, but this is now known to be a result of secondary l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichomonadida
Trichomonadida is an order of anaerobic protists, included with the parabasalids. Members of this order are referred to as trichomonads. Some organisms in this order include: *''Trichomonas vaginalis'', an organism living inside the vagina of humans *''Dientamoeba fragilis'', parasitic ameboid in humans *''Histomonas meleagridis'', parasite that causes blackhead disease in poultry *''Mixotricha paradoxa'', a symbiotic organism inside termites, host of endosymbionts Anatomy Species in this order typically have four to six flagella at the cell's apical pole, one of which is recurrent - that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Like other parabasalids, they typically have an axostyle, a pelta, a costa, and parabasal bodies. In ''Histomonas'' only one flagellum and a reduced axostyle are found, and in ''Dientamoeba'', both are absent. Behavior Most species are either parasites or other endosymbionts of animals. Trichomonads repro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Atwood Kofoid
Charles Atwood Kofoid (11 October 1865 – 30 May 1947) was an American zoologist known for his collection and classification of many new species of marine protozoans which established marine biology on a systematic basis. Kofoid also wrote a volume on the biological stations of Europe. In 1920, Kofoid and US zoologist Olive Swezy (1873-1968), published ''Pavillardia'' (a genus of dinoflagellates) in Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. pages 323-324. It was named in honour of Jules Pavillard. In 1921, Kofoid and Olive Swezy, wrote a book about unarmored dinoflagellates in La Jolla, California, in which they described a new genus called '' Torodinium'' (with ''Torodinium robustum'' and the type species ''Torodinium teredo''). They also published '' Gyrodinium'', which is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales in 'Memoirs of the University of California'. vol.5. In 1929, botanist Pavillard first described ''Kofoidinium'', which is a genus of dinoflagellate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olive Swezy
Olive Swezy (1878–1963) was an American zoologist. She studied dinoflagellata and amoebas. Swezy often worked alongside Charles Kofoid in topics relating to applied zoology. She researched amoebas causing illness and performed early research on oogenesis along with Herbert McLean Evans. During the 1940s, Swezy wrote papers against Nazism and holding Japanese Americans in internment camps. Life and career Swezy was born in Shohola, Pennsylvania, in 1878. Swezy attended the University of California, Berkeley, for both her undergraduate and graduate studies. She received her BS in 1913, followed by an MS in 1914. In 1915, she was awarded a PhD in zoology from Berkeley, with her dissertation titled ''The Kinetonucleus of Flagellates and the Binuclear Theory of Hartmann''. After finishing her education, Swezy continued her research under the guidance of Charles Kofoid, who was the second chair of zoology. Swezy was later appointed as an assistant in the Zoology Department at Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trophozoite
A trophozoite (G. ''trope'', nourishment + ''zoon'', animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing ''Plasmodium falciparum'' and those of the ''Giardia'' group. (The complement of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form). Life cycle stages Trophozoite and cyst stages are shown in the life cycle of '' Balantidium coli'' the causative agent of balantidiasis. In the apicomplexan life cycle the trophozoite undergoes schizogony (asexual reproduction) and develops into a schizont which contains merozoites. The trophozoite life stage of ''Giardia ''Giardia'' ( or ) is a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum Metamonada that colonise and reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates, causing the disease giardiasis. Their life cycle alternates betwee ...'' colonizes and proliferates in the small intestine. Trophozoites develop during the course of the infection into cysts which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellates
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, the term "flagellate" is included in other terms (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellata") which are more formally characterized. Form and behavior Flagella in eukaryotes are supported by microtubules in a characteristic arrangement, with nine fused pairs surrounding two central singlets. These arise from a basal body. In some flagellates, flagella direct food into a cytostome or mouth, where food is ingested. Flagella often support hairs, called mastigonemes, or contain rods. Their ultrastructure plays an important role in classifying eukaryotes. Among protoctists and microscopic anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
