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Models Of Judicial Decision Making
Models of judicial decision making are developed by researchers and scholars to provide an explanation for the votes of United States Supreme Court Justices. With the Supreme Court holding such importance in the American legal and political system, researchers, scholars, and court-watchers have long tried to understand the motivations of its justices. There are three main models of Judicial decision making: the legal model, the attitudinal model, and the strategic model. The Legal model By definition, The Legal model is the most traditional way of understanding the actions taken by a justice. The legal model posits that justices decide cases based solely on the facts of the case, the Constitution, and past precedent. The legal model has its roots in static law theory. Criticism of the Legal model Criticism of the Legal Model comes from a variety of observations. Charles Herman Pritchett, writing in 1941, made some early observations that seemed to indicate that the Legal Mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The United States - Roberts Court 2022
Supreme may refer to: Entertainment * Supreme (character), a comic book superhero created by Rob Liefeld * Supreme (film), ''Supreme'' (film), a 2016 Telugu film * Supreme (producer), hip-hop record producer * Supreme (song), "Supreme" (song), a 2000 song by Robbie Williams * The Supremes, Motown-era singer group * Supreme Pictures Corporation, 1930s film company Other * Supreme (brand), a clothing brand based in New York * Supreme (cookery), a term used in cookery * Supreme, Louisiana, a census-designated place in the United States * Supreme Soviet, the highest legislation body of Soviet Union, dissolved in 1991 * Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, car produced by Oldsmobile between 1966 and 1997 * Plaxton Supreme, British coach bodywork built in the late 1970s and early 1980s See also * Supreme Records (other), several record labels * Supremo (other) * Supreme court * Supremacy (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Justices
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom constitute a quorum. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court; justices have life tenure. Background The Supreme Court was created by Article III of the United States Constitution, which stipulates that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court," and was organized by the 1st United States Congress. Through the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental acts of a legislature, court cases, and treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty that establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precedent
Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of ''stare decisis'' ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law to guide future rulings, thus promoting consistency and predictability. Precedent is a defining feature that sets common law systems apart from Civil law (legal system), civil law systems. In common law, precedent can either be something courts must follow (binding) or something they can consider but do not have to follow (persuasive). Civil law (legal system), Civil law systems, in contrast, are characterized by comprehensive Code of law, codes and detailed statutes, with no emphasis on precedent, and where judges primarily focus on fact-finding and applying codified law. Courts in common law systems rely heavily on case law, which refers to the collection of precedents and le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Herman Pritchett
Charles Herman Pritchett (February 9, 1907 - April 28, 1995) was an American political scientist who served as a Professor Emeritus in Political Science at the University of Chicago. He later moved to the University of California Santa Barbara, where he taught until 1974. Pritchett was president of the American Political Science Association from 1963 to 1964, and he was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was regarded as an expert on American constitutional law and a pioneer in the behavioral approach in political science, especially in the analysis of decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Pritchett pioneered the modern study of judicial behavior. Life Pritchett obtained a bachelor's degree from Millikin University in 1927 and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1937. He then worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Social Science Research Council and the U.S. Department of Labor before becoming a member of the faculty at the Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeffrey A
Jeffrey may refer to: * Jeffrey (name), including a list of people with the name * Jeffrey's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada * Jeffrey City, Wyoming, United States * Jeffrey Street, Sydney, Australia * Jeffreys Bay, Western Cape, South Africa Art and entertainment * ''Jeffrey'' (play), a 1992 off-Broadway play by Paul Rudnick * ''Jeffrey'' (1995 film), a 1995 film by Paul Rudnick, based on Rudnick's play of the same name * ''Jeffrey'' (2016 film), a 2016 Dominican Republic documentary film * Jeffrey's sketch, a sketch on American TV show ''Saturday Night Live'' *'' Nurse Jeffrey'', a spin-off miniseries from the American medical drama series ''House, MD'' People with the surname * Alexander Jeffrey (1806–1874), Scottish solicitor and historian * Carol Jeffrey (1898–1998), English psychotherapist, writer *Charles Jeffrey (footballer) (died 1915), Scottish footballer * E. C. Jeffrey (1866–1952), Canadian-American botanist *Grant Jeffrey (1948–2012), Canadian writer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Cover
Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert Computers, Inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s * Albert Czech Republic, a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Music, an Australian music company now known as Alberts ** Albert Productions, a record label * Albert (organisation), an environmental organisation concerning film and television productions Entertainment * ''Albert'' (1985 film), a Czechoslovak film directed by František Vláčil * ''Albert'' (2015 film), a film by Karsten Kiilerich * ''Albert'' (2016 film), an American TV movie * ''Albert'' (album), by Ed Hall, 1988 * "Albert" (short story), by Leo Tolstoy * Albert (comics), a character in Marvel Comics * Albert (''Discworld''), a character in Terry Pratchett's ''Discworld'' series * Albert, a character in Dario Argento's 1977 film ''Suspiria'' People * Albert (given name) * Albert (surname) * Prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life Tenure
A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder decides personally to resign or is removed from office because of misbehaving in office or due to extraordinary circumstances. Some judges and members of upper chambers (e.g., senators for life) have life tenure. The primary goal of life tenure is to insulate the office holder from external pressures. Certain heads of state, such as monarchs and presidents for life, are also given life tenure. United States federal judges have life tenure once appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. In some cases, life tenure lasts only until a mandatory retirement age. For example, Canadian senators are appointed for life, but are forced to retire at 75. Likewise, many judges, including justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Supreme Court of Canada, have life tenure but must retire at 75. In some jurisdictions, a ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decision-making Models
Decision-making as a term is a scientific process when that decision will affect a policy affecting an entity. Decision-making models are used as a method and process to fulfill the following objectives: * Every team member is clear about how a decision will be made * The roles and responsibilities for the decision making * Who will own the process to make the final decision These models help the team to plan the process and the agenda for each decision-making meeting, and the understanding of the process and collaborative approach helps in achieving the support of the team members for the final decision to ensure commitment for the same. Types There are several models of decision-making: Economic rationality model When using this model, the following conditions are assumed. # The decision will be completely rational in a means-ends sense # There is a complete and consistent system of preferences that allows a choice among alternatives # There is a complete awareness of all the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideological Leanings Of United States Supreme Court Justices
The Supreme Court of the United States is the country's highest Federal judiciary of the United States, federal court. The Court has ultimate—and largely Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States, discretionary—appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and State court (United States), state court cases involving issues of U.S. federal law, plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. The nine Supreme Court justices base their decisions on their interpretation of both legal doctrine and the precedential application of laws in the past. In most cases, interpreting the law is relatively clear-cut and the justices decide unanimously; however, in more complicated or controversial cases, the Court is often divided. In modern discourse, the justices of the Court are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal Philosophy of law, philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. It has long been commonly assumed that justices' votes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Common Space
The Judicial Common Space (JCS) is a strategy to compare the ideologies of American judges. It was developed to compare the viewpoints of judges in the US Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals. It is one of the most commonly used measures of judicial ideology. History The Judicial Common Space was developed by Lee Epstein, Andrew D. Martin, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Chad Westerland. It developed over a series of conferences and publications from 2005 through 2007, and was based on the NOMINATE Common Space score. NOMINATE was developed in 1997 to compare the political ideologies of members of Congress and Presidents. It also integrated Martin-Quinn scores, developed in 2002 to provide a voting-based ideological comparison of Supreme Court justices. Method The Judicial Common Space is based on the finding that a judge's rulings are often similar in ideology to the person who appointed the judge. The JCS factors in the ideology scores of the president, as well as both senators ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
