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Message Passing (other)
Message passing is a mechanism for inter-process communication. Message passing may also refer to: * Belief propagation, or sum–product message passing, a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models * Variational message passing * Message passing in computer clusters {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Message Passing
In computer science, message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer. The invoking program sends a message to a process (which may be an actor or object) and relies on that process and its supporting infrastructure to then select and run some appropriate code. Message passing differs from conventional programming where a process, subroutine, or function is directly invoked by name. Message passing is key to some models of concurrency and object-oriented programming. Message passing is ubiquitous in modern computer software. It is used as a way for the objects that make up a program to work with each other and as a means for objects and systems running on different computers (e.g., the Internet) to interact. Message passing may be implemented by various mechanisms, including channels. Overview Message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer. In contrast to the traditional technique of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belief Propagation
A belief is an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition is true. In epistemology, philosophers use the term "belief" to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection. For example, few carefully consider whether or not the sun will rise tomorrow, simply assuming that it will. Moreover, beliefs need not be ''occurrent'' (e.g. a person actively thinking "snow is white"), but can instead be ''dispositional'' (e.g. a person who if asked about the color of snow would assert "snow is white"). There are various different ways that contemporary philosophers have tried to describe beliefs, including as representations of ways that the world could be (Jerry Fodor), as dispositions to act as if certain things are true (Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variational Message Passing
Variational message passing (VMP) is an approximate inference technique for continuous- or discrete-valued Bayesian networks, with conjugate-exponential parents, developed by John Winn. VMP was developed as a means of generalizing the approximate variational methods used by such techniques as latent Dirichlet allocation, and works by updating an approximate distribution at each node through messages in the node's Markov blanket. Likelihood lower bound Given some set of hidden variables H and observed variables V, the goal of approximate inference is to lower-bound the probability that a graphical model is in the configuration V. Over some probability distribution Q (to be defined later), : \ln P(V) = \sum_H Q(H) \ln \frac = \sum_ Q(H) \Bigg \ln \frac - \ln \frac \Bigg . So, if we define our lower bound to be : L(Q) = \sum_ Q(H) \ln \frac , then the likelihood is simply this bound plus the relative entropy between P and Q. Because the relative entropy is non-negative, the funct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
