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Menkauhor
Menkauhor Kaiu (also known as Ikauhor and in Greek as Mencherês, Μεγχερῆς; died 2414 BC) was an Ancient Egyptian king of the Old Kingdom period. He was the seventh ruler of the Fifth Dynasty at the end of the 25th century BC or early in the 24th century BC. Menkauhor ruled for possibly eight or nine years, following king Nyuserre Ini, and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi. Although Menkauhor is well attested by historical sources, few artefacts from his reign have survived. Consequently, his familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear, and no offspring of his have been identified. Khentkaus III may have been Menkauhor's mother, as indicated by evidence discovered in her tomb in 2015. Beyond the construction of monuments, the only known activity dated to Menkauhor's reign is an expedition to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai. Menkauhor ordered the construction of a sun temple, called the "Akhet-Ra", meaning "The Horizon of Ra". The las ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headless Pyramid
The Headless Pyramid, otherwise identified as Lepsius XXIX or Steinpyramide XXIX, is the remain of a Egyptian pyramid, pyramid complex built in Saqqara. The identity of the pyramid owner is unclear, though it is suspected to belong to either pharaoh Menkauhor Kaiu, Menkauhor of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, Fifth Dynasty or pharaoh Merikare of the Tenth Dynasty of Egypt, Tenth Dynasty, both of whom are known to have built a pyramid. If associated with Menkauhor, the pyramid's name is either ''Nṯr-ỉswt Mn-kꜣw-ḥr'' meaning 'Divine are the places of Menkauhor' or ''Nṯr-ỉswt Ỉkꜣw-Ḥr'' meaning 'Divine are the places of Ikauhor' referencing Menkauhor's Nomen (ancient Egypt), birthname; if associated with Merikare, the pyramid of Merikare, pyramid's name is ''Wꜣḏ-swt Mry-kꜣ-rꜥ'' meaning 'Fresh are the places of Merikare'. Other candidates for the pyramid owner that have been proposed are Amenemhat I of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty and an ephemer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djedkare Isesi
Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres; died 2375 BC) was a king, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom. Djedkare succeeded Menkauhor Kaiu and was in turn succeeded by Unas. His relationship to both of these kings remain uncertain, although it is often conjectured that Unas was Djedkare's son, owing to the smooth transition between the two. Djedkare likely enjoyed a reign of more than 40 years, which heralded a new period in the history of the Old Kingdom. Breaking with a tradition followed by his predecessors since the time of Userkaf, Djedkare did not build a temple to the sun god Ra, possibly reflecting the rise of Osiris in the Egyptian pantheon. More significantly, Djedkare effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian state administration, the first undertaken since the inception of the system of ranking titles. He also reorganised the funerary cults of his forebear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyuserre Ini
Nyuserre Ini (also Niuserre Ini or Neuserre Ini; in Greek language, Greek known as Rathurês, ''Ῥαθούρης''; died 2422 BC) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, king, the sixth ruler of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt, Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. He is credited with a reign of 24 to 36 years depending on the scholar, and likely lived in the second half of the 25th century BCE. Nyuserre was the younger son of Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II, and the brother of the short-lived king Neferefre. He may have succeeded his brother directly, as indicated by much later historical sources. Alternatively, Shepseskare may have reigned between the two as advocated by Miroslav Verner, albeit only for a few weeks or months at the most. The relation of Shepseskare with Neferefre and Nyuserre remains highly uncertain. Nyuserre was in turn succeeded by Menkauhor Kaiu, who could have been his nephew and a son of Neferefre. Nyuserre was the most prolific builder of his dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meresankh IV
Meresankh IV (also Mersyankh IV; ) was an ancient Egyptian queen believed to have lived during the Fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Her familial ties are the subject of ongoing speculation. Life There are few surviving attestations that can offer insight into Meresankh IV's life. However, it is very probable that she reigned sometime during the Fifth Dynasty, owing to the satisfactorily dated monuments that surround her burial. In her treatise, ''Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom: Studies in Orientation and Scene Content'', historian Yvonne Harpur offers a more precise range, linking Meresankh IV to either of the last two kings of the Fifth Dynasty, Djedkare, or less likely, Unas. More recent attempts to date Meresankh IV's life have coalesced around other kings such as Nyuserre and Menkauhor. British Egyptologist and historian Aidan Dodson suggests she lived during the reign of Menkauhor, whereas French Egyptologist Michel Baud, while preferring Nyuserre or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neferefre
Neferefre Isi (also known as Raneferef, Ranefer and in Greek as , ; 2480 BC - 2458 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. He was the eldest son of king Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II. He was known as prince Ranefer before he ascended to the throne. Neferefre started a pyramid for himself in the royal necropolis of Abusir called ''Netjeribau Raneferef'', which means "The bas of Neferefre are divine". The pyramid was never finished, with a mason's inscription showing that works on the stone structure were abandoned during or shortly after the king's second year of reign. Together with the sparsity of attestations contemporaneous with his reign, this is taken by Egyptologists as evidence that Neferefre died unexpectedly after two to three years on the throne. Neferefre was nonetheless buried in his pyramid, hastily completed in the form of a mastaba by his second successor and presumably younger brother, king Nyuserre Ini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khentkaus III
Khentkaus III, often called Khentakawess III by news media () was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived during the Fifth Dynasty. Khentkaus was very likely a daughter of king Kakai and queen Khentkaus II, while her husband was equally likely king Neferefre, and her son the future king Ikau. Discovery of the tomb On January 4, 2015, the discovery of her tomb by Czech archaeologists was announced by Egyptian authorities. According to Egyptian Antiquities Minister Mamdouh Eldamaty, there had been no knowledge of the existence of Khentkaus III before this discovery. Two earlier Egyptian queens with the same name have been identified previously, however. The tomb of Khentkaus III – marked as AC 30 – was excavated in Abusir, where there are several pyramids dedicated to kings of the Fifth Dynasty, including Neferefre. The tomb was found near Neferefre's funerary complex by a Czech archaeological team led by Miroslav Bárta of Charles University in Prague, with Egyptian c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khuit I
Khuit I () was an ancient Egyptian queen who has been tentatively dated by association to have lived during the 5th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Life Attestation of Khuit I is poor, and little can be said of her for certain. There is consensus among scholars that she most probably lived during the latter half of the 5th Dynasty. By process of elimination, Austrian Egyptologist Wilfried Seipel suggests that she was a queen of the 5 Dynasty king King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ... Menkauhor Kaiu, through attribution of kings to queens whose marriages are more concretely understood. This proposition has been criticised by French Egyptologist Michel Baud, who notes the precedent that kings might entertain more than one queen simultaneously. Instead, Baud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Sun Temple
Egyptian sun temples were ancient Egyptian temples to the sun god Ra. The term has come to mostly designate the temples built by six or seven pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. However, sun temples would make a reappearance a thousand years later under Akhenaten in the New Kingdom with his building of the Karnak Temple in Thebes. Fifth Dynasty sun temples were built in two localities, Abu Gorab and Abusir, within of each other and around south of modern-day Cairo. They may have been modeled after an earlier sun temple in Heliopolis. Six or seven temples are thought to have been built, but only two have been uncovered: that of Userkaf and that of Nyuserre.Robert G Morkot, ''The Egyptians: An Introduction''. pp. 223 The six kings associated with having built sun temples are: Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai, Reneferef or Neferefre, Nyuserre, and Menkauhor. Djedkare Isesi, the eighth king of the 5th Dynasty, seems to have abruptly stopped t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abydos King List
The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table or the Abydos Tablet, is a list of the names of 76 kings of ancient Egypt, found on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. It consists of three rows of 38 cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) in each row. The upper two rows contain names of the kings, while the third row merely repeats Seti I's throne name and nomen. Besides providing the order of the Old Kingdom kings, it is the sole source to date of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties, so the list is valued greatly for that reason. This list omits the names of many earlier pharaohs. The bulk of these appear to have been left out because although they claimed royal titles and rule over all Egypt, their actual authority was limited to only part of the country. This category includes all the rulers of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties, the early rulers of the Eleventh Dynasty ( Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef II, and In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqqara Tablet
The Saqqara Tablet, also known as the Saqqara King List or the Saqqara Table, now in the Egyptian Museum, is an ancient stone engraving surviving from the Ramesside Period of Egypt which features a list of pharaohs. It was found in 1861 in Saqqara, in the tomb of Tjuneroy (or Tjenry), an official ("chief lector priest" and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments") of the pharaoh Ramesses II. The inscription lists fifty-eight kings, from Anedjib ( First Dynasty) to Ramesses II (Nineteenth Dynasty), in reverse chronological order. The names (each surrounded by a border known as a cartouche), of which only forty-seven survive, are badly damaged. As with other Egyptian king lists, the Saqqara Tablet omits certain kings and entire dynasties. The list counts backward from Ramesses II to the mid-point of the First Dynasty, except for the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties, which are reversed. A well known photograph of the king list was published in 1865. Detailed and high resolution i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abydos King List
The Abydos King List, also known as the Abydos Table or the Abydos Tablet, is a list of the names of 76 kings of ancient Egypt, found on a wall of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. It consists of three rows of 38 cartouches (borders enclosing the name of a king) in each row. The upper two rows contain names of the kings, while the third row merely repeats Seti I's throne name and nomen. Besides providing the order of the Old Kingdom kings, it is the sole source to date of the names of many of the kings of the Seventh and Eighth Dynasties, so the list is valued greatly for that reason. This list omits the names of many earlier pharaohs. The bulk of these appear to have been left out because although they claimed royal titles and rule over all Egypt, their actual authority was limited to only part of the country. This category includes all the rulers of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties, the early rulers of the Eleventh Dynasty ( Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef II, and In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqqara
Saqqara ( : saqqāra[t], ), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English , is an Egyptian village in the markaz (county) of Badrashin in the Giza Governorate, that contains ancient burial grounds of Egyptian royalty, serving as the necropolis for the ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis, Egypt, Memphis. Saqqara contains numerous pyramids, including the Pyramid of Djoser, sometimes referred to as the Step Pyramid, and a number of mastaba tombs. Located some south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around . Saqqara contains the oldest complete stone building complex known in history, the Pyramid of Djoser, built during the Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third Dynasty. Another sixteen Egyptian kings built pyramids at Saqqara, which are now in various states of preservation. High officials added private funeral monuments to this necropolis during the entire History of ancient Egypt, Pharaonic period. It remained an important complex for non-royal burials and cult ceremonies for more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
