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Martu People
The ''Martu'' (Mardu) are a grouping of several Aboriginal Australian peoples in the Western Desert cultural bloc. Name The Martu people were originally speakers of various Wati languages in the Western Desert dialect continuum whose identity coalesced after coming into increased contact with one another after the establishment of Jigalong. Since the 1980s the Martu term for person (''mardu'' meaning "one of us") has prevailed among the peoples at Jigalong, Wiluna, Punmu, Parnngurr and Kunawarritji. In 1974 Norman Tindale wrote that the term had been applied to several groups in this area, among them the Kartudjara, and had no tribal significance but simply denoted that the people there had undergone full initiation. Languages The Martu languages belong to the Wati subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan language family and are collectively called Martu Wangka, or "Martu Speak". Many Martu speak more than one language and for many, English is a common second language. Coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Australian
Aboriginal Australians are the various indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands. Humans first migrated to Australia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, and over time formed as many as 500 language-based groups. In the past, Aboriginal people lived over large sections of the continental shelf. They were isolated on many of the smaller offshore islands and Tasmania when the land was inundated at the start of the Holocene inter-glacial period, about 11,700 years ago. Despite this, Aboriginal people maintained extensive networks within the continent and certain groups maintained relationships with Torres Strait Islanders and the Makassar people of modern-day Indonesia. Over the millennia, Aboriginal people developed complex trade networks, inter-cultural relationships, law and religions, which make up some of the oldest, and possibly ''the'' oldest, continuous cultures in the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudall River
The Rudall River ( Wanman: ''Karlamilyi'') is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The entire length of the river is located within the boundaries of the Karlamilyi National Park, which straddles the Little Sandy Desert (LSD) and the Great Sandy Desert (GSD). The headwaters of the river lie in the LSD below the Watrara Range near Island Hill, and it flows eastward into the GSD until it discharges into Lake Dora. The river is unique in the region as it is a major watercourse with reliable water sources and many permanent pools. The river has a total of nine tributaries, including Watrara Creek, Rooney Creek, Poonemerlarra Creek and Dunn Creek. The river was named by the explorer Frank Hann in 1896 after the surveyor William Frederick Rudall whom he met in the area while Hann was prospecting and Rudall was searching for men missing from the Calvert Expedition. The traditional owners Native title is the set of rights, recognised by Australian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Canning
Alfred Wernam Canning (21 February 1860 – 22 May 1936) was an Australian surveyor. He is best known as the originator of the Canning Stock Route in Western Australia, a cattle track running through remote desert country between Halls Creek, Western Australia, Halls Creek and Wiluna, Western Australia, Wiluna. He also surveyed the route for the inaugural rabbit-proof fence. Early life Canning was born on 21 February 1860 in Campbellfield, Victoria. He was the son of Lucy (née Mason) and William Canning, a farmer. He was educated at Carlton College in Melbourne before joining the New South Wales Lands Department as a cadet in the survey branch. Canning was appointed as a licensed surveyor in 1882. He was stationed for periods in Bega, New South Wales, Bega, Cooma, New South Wales, Cooma, and Bathurst, New South Wales, Bathurst. Western Australia In 1893, during the Western Australian gold rush, Canning moved to Western Australia and joined the Department of Lands and Surveys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Commission
A royal commission is a major ad-hoc formal public inquiry into a defined issue in some monarchies. They have been held in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Malaysia, Mauritius and Saudi Arabia. In republics an equivalent entity may be termed a commission of inquiry. Such an inquiry has considerable powers, typically equivalent or greater than those of a judge but restricted to the terms of reference for which it was created. These powers may include subpoenaing witnesses, notably video evidences, taking evidence under oath and requesting documents. The commission is created by the head of state (the sovereign, or their representative in the form of a governor-general or governor) on the advice of the government and formally appointed by letters patent. In practice—unlike lesser forms of inquiry—once a commission has started the government cannot stop it. Consequently, governments are usually very careful about framing the terms of reference a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soakage
A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in Australian deserts. It is called thus because the water generally seeps into the sand, and is stored below, sometimes as part of an ephemeral river or creek. Aboriginal water source Soakages were traditionally important sources of water for Aboriginal Australians in the desert, being the most dependable source in times of drought in Australia. Aboriginal peoples would scoop out the sand or mud using a coolamon or woomera, often to a depth of several metres, until clean water gathered in the base of the hole. Knowing the precise location of each soakage was extremely valuable knowledge. It is also sometimes called a native well. Anthropologist Donald Thomson wrote: Cleaning and maintaining the well Wells were covered to keep them free from fouling by animals. This involved blocking the well with dead branches and uprooted trees. When the wells fell into disrepair, people would bail the well, using the coolamon to throw slush aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canning Stock Route
The Canning Stock Route is a track that runs from Halls Creek, Western Australia, Halls Creek in the Kimberley (Western Australia), Kimberley region of Western Australia to Wiluna, Western Australia, Wiluna in the Mid West (Western Australia), mid-west region. With a total distance of around 1,850 km (1,150 mi) it is claimed to be the longest historic stock route in the world. A 1928 Royal Commission into the price of beef in Western Australia led to the repair of the wells and the re-opening of the stock route. Around 20 droves took place between 1931 and 1959 when the final droving run was completed. The Canning Stock Route is now a popular but challenging four-wheel drive trek typically taking 10 to 20 days to complete. A few adventurers have traversed the track on foot, by bicycle, motorcycle and in two-wheel drive vehicles. There are two small settlements on the track where fuel and other supplies may be obtained; Kunawarritji Community, Western Australia, Kuna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Australian Kinship
Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. It is an integral part of the culture of every Aboriginal group across Australia, and particularly important with regard to marriages between Aboriginal people. The subsection system Subsection systems are a unique social structure that divide all of Australian Aboriginal society into a number of groups, each of which combines particular sets of kin. In Central Australian Aboriginal English vernacular, subsections are widely known as "skins". Each subsection is given a name that can be used to refer to individual members of that group. Skin is passed down by a person's parents to their children. The name of the groups can vary. There are systems with two such groupings (these are known as ' moieties' in kinship studies), systems with four (sections), six and eight (subsection systems). Some language groups extend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanman People
The Warnman, also spelt Wanman, are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia's Pilbara region. Country The Warnman people's territory extends over some . Their southern boundary lies around the McKay Range and the area of Kumpupintil Lake. Westwards, it reaches ''Wadurara'' on the Rudall River (''Karlamilyi''). The northern frontier lies in the vicinity of Lake Dora (''Walerelere''), ''Mendidjildjil'' and ''Karbardi'', while they are present eastwards as far as the George, Wooloomber and Auld Lakes. The change from claypan lakes country to mulga terrain in the south marked a limit beyond which they thought danger lay. Language Ecology As often, natural features can mark a kind of informal boundary between tribes. With the Wanman, that boundary in the south is delineated by the transition from their clumpy porcupine grassland to the thick mulga shrubland of the Kartudjara. The onset of drought would push them northwest, to around ''Karbardi'' and ''Pulburukuritj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putidjara
The Putijarra are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Country Putijarra territory, in Norman Tindale's estimation, extended over . They were to be found south of Lake George, and east to ''Kolajuru'', and beyond the southeast of Kumpupintil Lake, latterly at Mendel in the direction of the Hutton Range. The frontier with the Mandjildjara lay at ''Tjundutjundu'' well on the Canning Stock Route. When drought struck they would press south to ''Kadidi'' near Lake Augusta, and the moon totem soak called ''Tjangara.'' Their most southerly boundary was at ''Pulburumal'', the twelfth waterhole on the Canning Stock Route. Their border with the Kartudjara was at ''Lawulawu'' (Canning Stock Route Well 16). Alternative names * ''Potitjara, Putitjara'' * ''Budidjara, Bududjara'' * ''Purditara'' * ''Pawutudjara'' * ''Paodudjara'' * ''Patudja'' * ''Patudjara'' * ''Partutudjara'' * ''Bawndudjara'' * ''Partutu'' (lake people) * ''Ngondidjara'' (Kartudjara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keiadjara
Keiadjara, also rendered ''Kiyajarra'', were an Aboriginal Australian people of the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Name The name was also current among the Pitjantjatjara, but as one of their names for the Wenamba. Country The extent of their area is unknown, but they were located southeast of the Mandjildjara territory and south and east of the Putidjara. It ran, apparently, eastwards from an otherwise unknown site called ''Kolajuru'', a week's trek from ''Tjundutjundu'' on the Canning Stock Route. According to Ronald Berndt, the Keiadjara lived between Kumpupintil Lake and Lake Carnegie Lake Carnegie is a reservoir that straddles the borders of the towns of Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton, West Windsor, New Jersey, West Windsor, Plainsboro, New Jersey, Plainsboro and South Brunswick, New Jersey, South Brunswick in Mercer County .... Alternative names * ''Keiatara'' * ''Keredjara'' * ''Kiadjara'' * ''Giadjara'' * ''Gijadjara'' * ''Targudi'', ''Tjargudi'' * ''Djargudi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantjintjarra Ngalia
The Mandjindja, Mantjintjarra or Manytjilytjarra are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia belonging to the Western Desert cultural bloc. Country The only information on the Mandjindja's country are estimates given by Norman Tindale. Tindale's estimates (particularly for the peoples of the Western desert) are not considered to be accurate. Tindale estimated that the Mandjindja's territory extended over roughly , in the sandhill terrain south of the Warburton Range, from a place called ''Papakula'' ("Babbagoola Rockhole" on maps). Their western extension went as far as the Gillen and Throssell lakes. Their southern boundaries lay around Amy Rocks and the Saunders Range. Their eastern confines lay around a place named ''Lenga:na'', identified as possibly east of the Sydney Yeo Chasm. Language The language of the Mandjindja people is the Mandjindja language. History The Mandjindja people in Kalgoorlie are possibly the descendants of the Manyjilyjarra people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parnngurr
Parnngurr is a medium-sized Aboriginal community, located 370 km from Newman in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, within the Shire of East Pilbara. Parnngurr was originally known as Cotton Creek, the name of the ephemeral creek that runs beside the community. Local area The community sits within Karlamilyi National Park. The park is the largest in the state, and one of the most rugged and remote in Australia. There are no park facilities outside the Parnngurr and Punmu settlements. The popular Desert Queen Baths lie about a half day's drive away along the Rudall River track; also in the area is Kalkan Kalkan Soak, Hanging Rock, Parnngurr Hill (Mt Cotton) and Parnngurr Rock Hole, as well as numerous bluffs, caves, creeks and bush tracks for the adventurous. Facilities The community shop provides residents and visitors with fuel, food, cold drinks, some camping and vehicle gear, and fresh fruit and vegetables. The community also supplies emergency medical facilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
