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Manuscript (publishing)
A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher, editor, or producer for publication. Especially in academic publishing, ''manuscript'' can also refer to an accepted document, reviewed but not yet in a final format, distributed in advance as a preprint. This use of the term ''manuscript'' (from Latin for "hand written") originally dates from a time when only final published documents were professionally typeset and printed, but preliminary drafts were written by hand. Once typewriters became widespread, many manuscripts were typewritten. Today manuscripts are usually prepared using computers with digital typesetting or word processing software. Manuscript format Even with desktop publishing making it possible for writers to prepare text that appears professionally typeset, many publishers still require authors to submit manuscripts formatted according to their respective guidelines. Manuscript formatting varies greatly depending on the type of work, as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written language, written, Image editing, visual, Audio engineer, audible, or Film editing, cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work. The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as the work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods. Practicing editing can be a way to reduce language error in future literature works.Diab, N. M. (2010). Effects of peer-versus self-editing on students' revision of language errors in revised drafts. ''System'', ''38''(1), 85–95. There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds edit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Deposit
Legal deposit is a legal requirement that a person or group submit copies of their publications to a repository, usually a library. The number of copies required varies from country to country. Typically, the national library is the primary repository of these copies. In some countries there is also a legal deposit requirement placed on the government, and it is required to send copies of documents to publicly accessible libraries. The legislation covering the requirement varies from country to country, but is often enshrined in copyright law. Until the late 20th century, legal deposit covered only printed and sometimes audio-visual materials, but in the 21st century, most countries have had to extend their legislation to cover digital documents as well. In 2000, UNESCO published a new and enlarged edition of Jean Lunn's ''1981 Guidelines for Legal Deposit Legislation'', which addresses the issue of electronic formats in its recommendations for the construction of legal deposit le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Journal Articles
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines academy as scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, '' Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publishing
Publishing is the activities of making information, literature, music, software, and other content, physical or digital, available to the public for sale or free of charge. Traditionally, the term publishing refers to the creation and distribution of Printing, printed works, such as books, comic books, newspapers, and magazine, magazines to the public. With the advent of digital information systems, the scope has expanded to include electronic publishing, digital publishing such as E-book, e-books, Magazines, digital magazines, Electronic publishing, websites, social media, music, and video game publisher, video game publishing. The commercial publishing industry ranges from large multinational conglomerates such as News Corp, Pearson PLC, Pearson, Penguin Random House, and Thomson Reuters to major retail brands and thousands of small independent publishers. It has various divisions such as trade/retail publishing of fiction and non-fiction, educational publishing, and Academi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writing
Writing is the act of creating a persistent representation of language. A writing system includes a particular set of symbols called a ''script'', as well as the rules by which they encode a particular spoken language. Every written language arises from a corresponding spoken language; while the use of language is universal across human societies, most spoken languages are not written. Writing is a cognitive and social activity involving neuropsychological and physical processes. The outcome of this activity, also called ''writing'' (or a ''text'') is a series of physically inscribed, mechanically transferred, or digitally represented symbols. Reading is the corresponding process of interpreting a written text, with the interpreter referred to as a ''reader''. In general, writing systems do not constitute languages in and of themselves, but rather a means of encoding language such that it can be read by others across time and space. While not all languages use a writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-archiving
Self-archiving is the act of (the author's) depositing a free copy of an electronic document online in order to provide open access to it. The term usually refers to the self-archiving of peer-reviewed research journal and conference articles, as well as theses and book chapters, deposited in the author's own institutional repository or open archive for the purpose of maximizing its accessibility, usage and citation impact. The term green open access has become common in recent years, distinguishing this approach from gold open access, where the journal itself makes the articles publicly available without charge to the reader.Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access ''Serials Review'' 30. Origins Self-archiving was first explicitly proposed as a universal practice by Stevan Harnad in his 1994 online posting " Subversive Propo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ScientificCommons
ScientificCommons was a project of the University of St. Gallen ''Institute for Media and Communications Management''. The major aim of the project was to develop the world’s largest archive of scientific knowledge with fulltexts freely accessible to the public. The project was closed down in 2014. ScientificCommons included a search engine for publications and author profiles. It also allowed the user to turn searches into customized RSS feeds of new publications. ScientificCommons also provided a fulltext caching service for researchers. Starting from the beginning of 2013, ScientificCommons has been inaccessible. All visitors were forwarded to an administration login for server virtualization management software Proxmox VE and the site is no longer issuing a valid TLS certificate. Function ScientificCommons had no registration wall for searchers, but repositories that were not indexed can register by name and the OAI interface URL. It used the Open Archives Initiativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postprint
A postprint is a digital draft of a research journal article ''after'' it has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication, but ''before'' it has been typeset and formatted by the journal. Related terminology A digital draft before peer review is called a ''preprint''. Postprints are also sometimes called accepted author manuscripts (AAMs), because they are the version accepted by the journal after the author has addressed the peer reviewer comments. Jointly, postprints and preprints are called eprints. Postprints are variously referred to by different publishers as pre-proofs, author's original version and variations of these. After typesetting by a journal, authors will often be provided with proofs (the draft of the final formatting) and finally the version that is published is called the published/publisher's version. The term postprint used to also refer to the formatted publishers version, however usage has narrowed to refer only to the current definition of acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prepress
Prepress is the term used in the printing and publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the creation of a print layout and the final printing. The prepress process includes the preparation of artwork for press, media selection, proofing, quality control checks and the production of printing plates if required. The artwork is quite often provided by the customer as a print-ready PDF file created in :Desktop publishing software, desktop publishing. Processes # Bookbinding, Binding selection gives the customer multiple options for the spine of the publication such as Saddle-stitched,Perfect binding vs saddle stitching, paperspecs.com (last checked 2022-12-18) Perfect Bound or Hard Cover, Case Bound, also Coil binding, Spiral, Wire binding, Wire and Comb binding, Comb binding are possible. Each has its merits and suits a particular number of pages. # Preparing artwork involves setting Color management#Color profiles, color profiles, Bleed (printing) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Academic Journals By Preprint Policy
This is a list of publishers of academic journals by their submission policies regarding the use of preprints prior to publication ( example list). Publishers' policies on self-archiving (including of preprint versions) can also be found at SHERPA/RoMEO. Policies by publisher Submission of preprints is accepted by all open access journals. Over the last decade, they have been joined by most subscription journals, however publisher policies are often vague or ill-defined. In general, most publishers that permit preprints require that: * the authors disclose the existence of the preprint at submission (e.g. in the cover letter) * once an article is published, the preprint should link to the published version (typically via DOI) * the preprint should not have been formally peer reviewed Publishers may place additional restrictions (e.g. specifying non-commercial servers or preferred licenses). Most publishers have a unified policy across all of their journals, however some jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey Literature
Grey literature (or gray literature) is material and research produced by organizations outside of the traditional publishing, commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels. Common grey literature publication types include reports (annual report, annual, research, technical report, technical, project, etc.), working papers, government documents, white papers and evaluations. Organizations that produce grey literature include government departments and agencies, civil society or Non-governmental organization, non-governmental organizations, academic centres and departments, and private companies and consultants. Grey literature may be difficult to discover, access, and evaluate, but this can be addressed through the formulation of sound search strategies. Grey literature may be made available to the public, or distributed privately within organizations or groups, and may lack a systematic means of distribution and collection. The standard of quality, review and product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draft Document
Drafting is the process by which preliminary forms of a written work are composed. Separate from other steps of the writing process, such as Revision (writing), revision and editing, drafting involves the initial creation of the main content, structure, and style of a work. The preliminary forms of a written work are referred to as draft documents or simply drafts. Drafting is the very first step of the writing process; it gives the writer a base to expand and improve upon their work via later steps. Drafting almost always involves rounds of cumulatively adding onto and expanding a work. The initial complete draft is known as the first draft or rough draft. Typically, 'snapshots' of the draft at certain points are taken, these snapshots often being called the drafts; alternatively, the work as it currently is can be referred to as the draft. This distinction is unclear. In an essay writing environment, such as school, drafting often involves rounds of individual brainstorming, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
