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Majid Toufic Arslan
Emir Majid Toufic Arslan (; February 1908 — September 18, 1983) was a Lebanese Druze leader and head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family. Arslan was the leader of the Yazbaki (Arslan affiliations) faction. Majid Arslan was a national political figure with a role in Lebanon's independence, a long-running Member of the Lebanese Parliament. During his time as a government minister, he held number of important ministerial portfolios, most notably Defense, Health, Telecommunications, Agriculture and Justice. Personal life Arslan was the son of Emir Toufic Arslan who helped found Greater Lebanon in 1920. He had three brothers (Nouhad, Riad, Melhem) and a sister (Zahia). Emir Majid studied at the famous French school, Mission Laïque Française. In 1932, he married his cousin, Emira Lamiss Shehab. They had him two sons: Emir Toufic (1935–2003) and Emir Faysal (1941–2009). In 1956, after his first wife’s death, Emir Majid remarried Khawla Jumblatt. They had three daugh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defence Minister
A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and military forces, found in states where the government is divided into ministries or departments. Such a department usually includes all branches of the military, and is usually controlled by a defence minister or secretary of defense. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in some the minister is only in charge of general budget matters and procurement of equipment, while in others they are also an integral part of the operational military chain of command. Historically, such departments were referred to as a ministry of war or department of war, although they generally had authority only over the army of a country, with a separate department governing other military branches. Prior to World War II, most "ministries of war" were army ministries, while the navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habib Abi Shahla
Habib Abu Shahla ( / ''Ḥabīb Abū Shahlā'', also spelled Abou Chahla) or Abi Shahla ( / ''Abī Shahlā'', also spelled Abi Chahla; 1902 – 22 March 1957) was a Lebanese politician and public figure, several times member of Parliament. He hailed from an Orthodox family. Abu Shahla had studied at the American University of Beirut and at the University of Paris. He was the minister of justice in 1943 and the minister of education and Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon between 1943 and 1945 and the speaker of the Lebanese Parliament between 1946 and 1947. A street bears his name and a statue of him stands in Beirut Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by populatio .... See also * List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon References 1902 births 1957 deaths Deputy pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabri Hamadeh
Sabri Hamadeh, also written as Sabri Hamadé or Hamada () (1902–1976) was a Lebanese politician and long-time Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon, Lebanese Parliament. Sabri Hamadeh served as a pioneer in the Lebanese Independence. He worked with the government at that time, including Riad El Solh, the prime minister, and Bechara El Khoury, the president. He also signed the first official Lebanese flag of independence He served as List of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon, Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament for five terms: 1943-1946, 1947-1951, 1959-1964, 1964-1968 and 1968 to 1970. Political career Sabri Hamadeh was born in 1902 in the Town of Hawr Taala, in the Bekaa Valley. A Shiite political leader, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for that region consecutively for 5 decades. Hamadeh was Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1946 to 1947. He was also the Speaker of the House of Representatives for many periods. He served as List of Speakers of the Parliament o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (, ; Bekaa, Biqâ, Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region. Industry, especially the country's agricultural industry, also flourishes in Beqaa. The region broadly corresponds to the Coele-Syria of classical antiquity. The Beqaa is located about east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and the Anti-Lebanon mountains to the east. It is the northern continuation of the Jordan Rift Valley, and thus part of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is long and wide on average. It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers. Climate The region receives limited rainfall, particularly in the north, because Mount Lebanon creates a rain shadow that blocks precipitation coming from the sea. The northern section has an average annual rainfall of , compared to in the central valley. Nevertheless, two rivers originate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashaya
Rashaya, Rachaya, Rashaiya, Rashayya or Rachaiya (), also known as Rashaya al-Wadi or Rachaya el-Wadi (and variations), is a town of the Rashaya District in the west of the Beqaa Government of Lebanon. It is situated at around above sea level on the western slopes of Mount Hermon, south east of Beirut near the Syrian border, and approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus. Rachaya is known for the Rashaya Citadel where Bshara El Khoury was jailed in 1943. It's the symbol of independence. Culture Rashaya has a population of around 6,000 to 7,500 that are mostly Druze. It is still considered to be a traditional Lebanese town with its old cobbled streets and small shops, even though it witnessed in recent years a slight expansion of buildings. It retains a distinguished character of traditional stone houses with red tiled roofs. The small souk in the middle of the town offers various shops selling local crafts and inexpensive goods. There is a recently renovated goldsm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hamid Karami
Abdul Hamid Karami (23 October 1890 – 23 November 1950) () was a Lebanese political and religious leader, who had nationalistic Arab inclinations. Biography Karami descended from one of the most prominent Sunni Muslim families in Lebanon. Members of his family traditionally held the position of mufti of Tripoli. Abdul Hamid Karami became mufti of Tripoli, but was removed by the French authorities. He was a leader of the movement demanding Lebanon's independence, a goal which was achieved by 1943. In 1944, Karami survived an assassination attempt, which was due to a local rivalry in Tripoli. Karami served as prime minister and finance minister of Lebanon for a brief period from 10 January 1945 to 20 August 1945. He also held the post of defense minister A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and military forces, found in states wher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adel Osseiran
Adel Osseiran (; 5 June 1905 – 18 June 1998), also transliterated Adil 'Usayran or Adil Osseyran, was a prominent Lebanese statesman, a former Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, and one of the founding fathers of the Lebanese Republic. Osseiran played a significant role at various points in the history of modern Lebanon, such as the struggle for independence (1943), the mini-civil war of 1958, and the Lausanne Conference for Peace (1984). Background and family life The Osseiran family traces its Shia origins to what is now Iraq and there to the tribe of the Bani Asad, which fought alongside Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala in 680. After their defeat the survivors suffered persecution and after an unknown period of time one of the tribal members - Haidar - reportedly fled to Baalbek, where he had two sons: Ali and Osseiran. According to the family's historiography, the latter settled in Sidon/Saida. Historians have established that the Osseirans rose to prominence and power as gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun (, ; 3 April 19007 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 2nd president of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War. Early years and education Camille Nimr Chamoun was born at Deir al-Qamar on 3 April 1900 into a middle-class Maronite family. He received a law degree from Saint Joseph University. Career and activities Chamoun was first elected to the Lebanese parliament in 1934, and was reelected in 1937 and 1943. A champion of independence from France, he was arrested on 11 November 1943 and was imprisoned in the castle of Rashayya, where he was held for eleven days, along with Bishara el-Khoury and Riad Al Solh, who were to become the first president and prime minister, respectively, of the new republic. Massive public protests led to their release on 22 November, which has since been celebrated as the Lebanese Independence Day. Chamoun was re-elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riad Solh
Riad Al Solh (; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese politician and statesman who served as the first and fifth prime minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1951, respectively.Pdf. Solh was one of the most important figures in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the various religious groups, and is considered to be one of the founders of Lebanon. Early life Riad Al Solh, also written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was born in , south Lebanon and of origin, on 17 August 1894. His f ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bechara El Khoury
Bechara Khalil El Khoury (; 10 August 1890 – 11 January 1964) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 1st president of Lebanon, holding office from 21 September 1943 to 18 September 1952, apart from an 11-day interruption (11–22 November) in 1943. He had previously served two short terms as Prime Minister, from 5 May 1927 to 10 August 1928, and 9 May to 11 October 1929. Early life and education Khoury was born in Rechmaya, to Lebanese Maronite Christian parents in a town in the Aley district, Mount Lebanon governorate on 10 August 1890. He studied law. Political career Khoury founded the Constitutional Bloc Party and served as a cabinet minister prior to his election as president on 21 September 1943. He was a strong nationalist who opposed the French Mandate, and on 11 November 1943, he was arrested by Free French troops and imprisoned in the Rashaya Tower for eleven days, along with Riad Al Solh (Prime Minister), Camille Chamoun, and numerous other personalitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regie Company
The Ottoman Tobacco Company, (''Memalik-i Şahane Duhanları Müşterekül Menfaa Reji Şirketi'') also known as the Régie Company for its French official name ''Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'empire Ottoman'', was a parastatal company or Regie formed in the later Ottoman Empire by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, with backing from a consortium of European banks. The company had a monopoly over tobacco production, and its revenue was intended to help overcome the Ottoman state's persistent shortage of income. The Ottoman Tobacco Company constituted the largest foreign investment in the Ottoman Empire, and it attempted to introduce more efficient production methods – against local resistance. In 1881, the state monopoly on salt was incorporated into the Régie Company, which passed revenue from salt taxes ( tuz resmi) to the Public Debt Commission. As the state (or a parallel state controlled by the government's creditors) now effectively controlle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
