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Maad Xole Joof
Maad (in Serer, or Mad) is the title given to a male monarch by the Serer people of Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania. Faye, Souleymane, "Morphologie du nom sérère: système nominal et alternance consonantique." Université de Dakar, Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar, (1985), pp. 4, 7, 40, 70 In Serer royal history, the Maad possessed supreme power throughout Serer country. The Maad was chosen from the royal lineage and crowned by the great Jaraaf (''French:'' Diaraf) who was equivalent to a prime minister. After his coronation, he would crown a member of his maternal family, usually his mother, sister, maternal aunt, or wife as Lingeer (Queen). The Serer titles Maad a Sinig (King of Sine) and Maad Saloum (King of Saloum) take their names from the radical Serer title Maad, and identifies which part of Serer country they rule. Toponymy In Serer, Maad mean king in its simplest definition. When referring to a king, the noun Maad is preceded by "o". For example "o Maad" (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer Language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet. Classification Serer is one of the Senegambian languages, which are characterized by consonant mutation. The traditional classification of Atlantic languages is that of Sapir (1971), which found that Serer was closest to Fulani. However, a widely cited misreading of the data by Wilson (1989) inadvertently exchanged Serer for Wolof. Dialects of Serer are Serer Sine (the prestige dialect), Segum, Fadyut-Palmerin, Dyegueme (Gyegem), and Niominka. They are mutually intelligible except for the Sereer spoken in some of the areas surrounding the city of Thiès. Not all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Sine
The Kingdom of Sine (or Siin in Serer, variations: ''Sin'' or ''Siine'') was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. Toponymy and Demonym During the Guelowar Era the region was named after Sine-o-Méo Manneh (Serer proper: Siin o Meo Maane), sister of Maysa Wali Manneh. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a common structure for demonyms in Senegal, e.g. ''Bawol-Bawol'' and ''Saloum-Saloum'' / ''Saluum-Saluum'', inhabitants of Baol and Saloum respectively). Portuguese explorers in the 15th century referred to Sine as the kingdom of ''Barbaçim'', a corruption of 'Bur-ba-Sine' ( Wolof for 'King of Sine'), and its people as ''Barbacins'' (a term frequently extended by early writers to Serer people generally, while others insisted that ''Serreos'' and ''Barbacins'' were completely distinct peoples.) Old European maps frequently denote the Saloum River as the "River of Barbacins/Barbecins". Alvise C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer History
The medieval history of the Serer people of Senegambia is partly characterised by resisting Islamization from perhaps the 11th century during the Almoravid movement (which would later result in the Serers of Takrur migration to the south), to the 19th century Marabout movement of Senegambia and continuation of the old Serer paternal dynasties. Resistance to Islam, 11th century According to Galvan (2004), "The oral historical record, written accounts by early Arab and European explorers, and physical anthropological evidence suggest that the various Serer peoples migrated south from the Fuuta Tooro region (Senegal River valley) beginning around the eleventh century, when Islam first came across the Sahara."Galvan, Dennis Charles, ''The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal'' Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004 p.51 Over generations these people, possibly Pulaar speaking herders originally, migrated through Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serer Royalty
Serer may refer to: * Serer people * Serer language * Serer religion *Rafael Calvo Serer Rafael Calvo Serer (6 October 1916 at Valencia, Spain – 19 April 1988 at Pamplona, Navarra, Spain) was a Professor of History of Spanish Philosophy, a writer, essay An essay ( ) is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's ow ... (1916-1988), Spanish historian {{disambig, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Issa Laye Thiaw
Issa Laye Thiaw (1943 – 10 September 2017)''Obituary of Professor Issa Laye Thiaw'' : "Our special tribute to Professor Issa Laye Thiaw", by The Seereer Resource Centre, Seereer Radio and Seereer Heritage Press. Published: 11 September 201 was a Senegalese historian, theologian and author on Serer religion, Serer tradition and history. Born into a Serer family, himself the son of a Serer High Priest (Saltigue), Thiaw is a specialist in the Serer religion. He was a former researcher at the Centre d’études des civilisations (CEC; Centre for Studies in Civilizations) of Dakar. Some of Thiaw's works include: *Issa Laye Thiaw. ''La femme Seereer'', Sénégal, 2005, Sociétés africaines et diaspora. Edition L'harmattan, *Issa Laye Thiaw. "La religiosité Seereer, avant et pendant leur Islamisation." In: ''Ethiopiques'', No. 55 (1992)János Riesz, Papa Samba Diop, Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, Ute Fendler, Christoph Vatter. Littératures et sociétés africaines, p. 483. Gunter Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maat
Maat or Maʽat ( Egyptian: ''mꜣꜥt'' /ˈmuʀʕat/, Coptic: ⲙⲉⲓ) comprised the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Maat was also the goddess who personified these concepts, and regulated the stars, seasons, and the actions of mortals and the deities who had brought order from chaos at the moment of creation. Her ideological opposite was Isfet (Egyptian '' jzft''), meaning injustice, chaos, violence or to do evil. Pronunciation Cuneiform texts indicate that the word ''m3ˤt'' was pronounced /múʔʕa/ during the New Kingdom of Egypt, having lost the feminine ending ''t''. Vowel assimilation of ''u'' to ''e'' later produced the Coptic word "truth, justice". History The earliest surviving records indicating that Maat is the norm for nature and society, in this world and the next, were recorded during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the earliest substantial surviving examples being found in the Pyramid Texts of Unas ( and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamane
Lamane or laman (also laam or lam) means "master of the land" in the Serer language. The name was also sometimes the title of chiefs or kings of the Serer people of the Senegambia region which includes modern day Senegal and the Gambia. This title was also used by some kings of the Wolof kingdoms. The title is sometimes used interchangeably with the old Serer title Maad. After the Guelowars' migration to the Sine and the foundation of the Kingdom of Sine, "lamane" denotes a provincial chief answerable to the King of Sine and Saloum. Although the later lamanes were always descendants of the Serer village and town founders (the original lamanes), and their families ruled the Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and Baol etc., the power they previously enjoyed as lamanes diminished, but they continued to make up the land-owning class. Though their power was somewhat diminished, their economic and political power was intricately linked to Serer custom, Serer history, and Serer religion. As su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root (linguistics)
A root (also known as a root word or radical) is the core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements. In morphology, a root is a morphologically simple unit which can be left bare or to which a prefix or a suffix can attach. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (this root is then called the base word), which carries aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Content words in nearly all languages contain, and may consist only of, root morphemes. However, sometimes the term "root" is also used to describe the word without its inflectional endings, but with its lexical endings in place. For example, ''chatters'' has the inflectional root or lemma ''chatter'', but the lexical root ''chat''. Inflectional roots are often called stems. A root, or a root morpheme, in the stricter sense, is a mono-morphemic stem. The traditional definition allows roots to be either free morphemes or bound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Saloum
The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language, Serer: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer people, Serer monarchy, kingdom in present-day Senegal and parts of Gambia. The precolonial capital was the city of Kahone. Re-established in 2017, Saloum is now a non-sovereign traditional monarchy within Senegal. Its history, geography and culture is intricately linked with the sister state, the Kingdom of Sine, and it is common to refer to them as the Sine-Saloum or the Serer Kingdoms. Typonymy Serer people, Serer oral traditions recount that the area was named Saluum/Saloum by the Maad Saloum Mbegane Ndour in the later part of the 15th century (c. 1494),Ba, Abdou Bouri, « Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip », Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 38, série B, numéro 4, octobre 1976 named after Saalum Suwareh, the marabout of Mbegan Ndour. Alternatively, the name 'Saluum' could mean 'land of the Luum', an important family in the region. Portuguese explorers in the 15th century referred to Salo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maad Saloum
Maad Saloum (variations :Maad a Saloum, Mad Saloum, Maat Saloum, Bour Saloum, Bur Saloum, etc.) means king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their kings bore the title ''Maad'' or ''Mad'' (also ''Maat'' though rarely used). The royal title was sometimes used interchangeably with that of their ancient kings and landed gentry, the lamanes. From 1493 to 1969 (the Guelowar Guelowar (or Gelwaar in Serer language, Serer), also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer people, Serer kingdoms of Kingdom of Sine, Sine and Kingdom of Saloum, Saloum (in the ... period, the last maternal dynasty in Saloum), forty-nine kings were crowned Maad. Mbegan Ndour (many variations: ''Mbégan Ndour'' or ''Mbegani Ndour'') was the first Serer king from the Guelowar maternal clan to have reigned in Saloum, beginning c. 1493. Maad Salou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maad A Sinig
Maad a Sinig (variations : Mad a Sinig, 'Maad Sine, Maat Sine, Bour Sine, Bur Sine, etc.) means king of Sine. The ancient Kingdom of Sine, now part of Senegal, was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom . Their kings were titled ''Maad'' or ''Maad'' (also spelled ''Mad'' or ''Maat''). The royal title Maad is sometimes used interchangeably with their ancient kings and landowners - the Lamanes. Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, ''Lances mâles : Léopold Sédar Senghor et les traditions Sérères'', Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale, Niamey, 1996, p. 54 Between 1350 and 1969 (the Guelowar period - the last maternal dynasty in Serer country), more than fifty Serer kings have been crowned Maad a Sinig. Kings of Sine titled Maad a Sinig * Maad a Sinig Waagaan Tening Jom FayeFata Ndiaye, « La saga du peuple sérère et l'Histoire du Sine », in ''Éthiopiques (revue)'', numéro 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 199/ref> * Maad a Sinig Wagane Kumba Sanjan Faye (var : Waagaan Kumba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarch
A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the Sovereign state, state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually, a monarch either personally inheritance, inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as ''the throne'' or ''the Crown, the crown'') or is elective monarchy, selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may self-proclaimed monarchy, proclaim oneself monarch, which may be backed and Legitimacy (political), legitimated through acclamation, right of conquest or a combination of means. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
