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MECS
MECS is the Multi-Element Code System, a markup system developed by the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen. It is very similar to SGML and XML except that it allows elements to overlap. MECS supports limited overlap, in that a given type of element (for example a quotation), may overlap other types, but no element may overlap another of the same type. MECS has been influential in the theory of non-hierarchical markup systems, and is discussed in many articles by Michael Sperberg-McQueen and Claus Huitfeldt, among others. DeRose, Steven J. ''Markup Overlap: A Review and a Horse.'' In ''Proceedings of the Extreme Markup Languages.'' 2-6 August 2004, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. MECS Other systems for representing overlapping markup include the Layered Markup and Annotation Language, CLIX, JITTS, EARMARK and features of the Text Encoding Initiative and the Open Scripture Information Standard. See also *Markup overlap In markup languages and the digital humanities, ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Overlapping Markup
In markup languages and the digital humanities, overlap occurs when a document has two or more structures that interact in a non-hierarchical manner. A document with overlapping markup cannot be represented as a tree. This is also known as concurrent markup. Overlap happens, for instance, in poetry, where there may be a metrical structure of feet and lines; a linguistic structure of sentences and quotations; and a physical structure of volumes and pages and editorial annotations. History The problem of non-hierarchical structures in documents has been recognised since 1988; resolving it against the dominant paradigm of text as a single hierarchy (an ''ordered hierarchy of content objects'' or ''OHCO'') was initially thought to be merely a technical issue, but has, in fact, proven much more difficult. In 2008, Jeni Tennison identified markup overlap as "the main remaining problem area for markup technologists". Markup overlap continues to be a primary issue in the digital study ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markup Overlap
In markup languages and the digital humanities, overlap occurs when a document has two or more structures that interact in a non-hierarchical manner. A document with overlapping markup cannot be represented as a tree. This is also known as concurrent markup. Overlap happens, for instance, in poetry, where there may be a metrical structure of feet and lines; a linguistic structure of sentences and quotations; and a physical structure of volumes and pages and editorial annotations. History The problem of non-hierarchical structures in documents has been recognised since 1988; resolving it against the dominant paradigm of text as a single hierarchy (an ''ordered hierarchy of content objects'' or ''OHCO'') was initially thought to be merely a technical issue, but has, in fact, proven much more difficult. In 2008, Jeni Tennison identified markup overlap as "the main remaining problem area for markup technologists". Markup overlap continues to be a primary issue in the digital s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markup System
Markup or mark-up can refer to: * Markup language, a standardized set of notations used to annotate a plain-text document's content to give information regarding the structure of the text or instructions for how it is to be displayed ** Lightweight markup language, notation that adds basic markup to a client * Markup rule in economics, a formula for the ratio of a monopolist's chosen price to its marginal cost * Markup (business) Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling price of a good or service and cost. It is often expressed as a percentage over the cost. A markup is added into the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order ... a term in retail business describing the increase in the price of goods to cover expenses and create a profit margin * Markup (legislation), the process to amend bills * The Markup, American nonprofit organization publishing data-driven journalism {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Bergen
The University of Bergen ( no, Universitetet i Bergen, ) is a research-intensive state university located in Bergen, Norway. As of 2019, the university has over 4,000 employees and 18,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 1946 based on several older scientific institutions dating back to 1825, and is Norway's second oldest university. It is considered one of Norway's four "established universities" and has faculties and programmes in all the fields of a classical university including fields that are traditionally reserved by law for established universities, including medicine and law. It is also one of Norway's leading universities in many natural sciences, including marine research and climate research. It is consistently ranked in the top one percentage among the world's universities, usually among the best 200 universities and among the best 10 or 50 universities worldwide in some fields such as earth and marine sciences. It is part of the Coimbra Group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SGML
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates": * Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments. * Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases. DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools. Standard versions SGML is an ISO standard: "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing – Text and office systems – Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", of which there are three versions: * Original ''SGML'', which was accepted in October 1986, followed by a minor Technical Corrigendum. * ''SGML (ENR)'', in 1996, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Sperberg-McQueen
C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen is an American markup language specialist. He was co-editor of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 spec (1998), and chair of the XML Schema working group. He was also instrumental in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), an international cooperative project to develop and disseminate guidelines for the encoding and interchange of electronic text for research. He was co-editor, with Lou Burnard, of the TEI's Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange in 1994. He also served as editor in chief of the TEI from 1988 to 2000. XML and TEI have become ubiquitous in their domains. Sue Polanka (Head of Reference/Instruction, Wright State University Libraries) notes that the TEI "...in the 1980s and 90s established a fundamental set of methods and practices that now underpin most digital humanities scholarship" Sperberg-McQueen has been a key leader of these and other standards efforts through extensive speaking, teaching, writing, and res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claus Huitfeldt
Claus (sometimes Clas) is both a given name and a German, Danish, and Dutch surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1907–1944), a German officer who, along with others, attempted to assassinate Hitler in 1944 *Claus von Amsberg, Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg (1926–2002) * Claus von Bülow (born 1926), British socialite accused of attempting to murder his wife, Sunny von Bülow *Claus Clausen (other), three people of that name *Claus Bech Jørgensen (born 1976), Danish-born Faroese footballer * Claus Jacob (born 1969), German scientist *Claus Jørgensen (racewalker) (born 1974), Danish race walker *Claus Larsen (other), three people of that name *Claus Lundekvam (born 1973), Norwegian former footballer *Claus Moser, Baron Moser (born 1922), British statistician * Claus Nielsen (born 1964), Danish former football striker * Claus Norreen (born 1970), Danish musician with the band Aqua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Layered Markup And Annotation Language
Layer or layered may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Layers'' (Kungs album) * ''Layers'' (Les McCann album) * ''Layers'' (Royce da 5'9" album) *"Layers", the title track of Royce da 5'9"'s sixth studio album * Layer, a female Maverick Hunter in the ''Mega Man X'' series *Layer, an element in a digital painting * ''Layer'' (film), a 2022 Russian film Science * Stratum, a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics * Thermocline, a layer within a body of water where the temperature changes rapidly with depth *Layer, an area in the neocortex with specific structure and connection pattern among neurons Technology Computing * Layer (object-oriented design), a group of classes that have the same set of link-time module dependencies to other modules * Layers (digital image editing), used in digital image editing to separate different elements of an image * Layers, in 2D computer graphics * Abstraction layer, a way of hiding the implementation detai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CLIX (operating System)
Clix, CLIX, etc. may refer to: Technology * Clix (ISP), a Portuguese triple play brand * CLiX (markup), a formal XML schema validation language and method of using valid XML for overlapping markup * Clix (miniatures), a system of miniatures games produced by WizKids * CLIX (Unix version) Intergraph Corporation was an American software development and services company, which now forms part of Hexagon AB. It provides enterprise engineering and geospatially powered software to businesses, governments, and organizations around the ..., developed by Intergraph * iriver clix, rebrand of the iriver U10, a multimedia player Other * CLIX, the number 159 in Roman numerals * Clix Malt Liquor, a malt liquor {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Text Encoding Initiative
The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is a text-centric community of practice in the academic field of digital humanities, operating continuously since the 1980s. The community currently runs a mailing list, meetings and conference series, and maintains the TEI technical standard, a journal, a wiki, a GitHub repository and a toolchain. TEI guidelines The ''TEI Guidelines'' collectively define a type of XML format, and are the defining output of the community of practice. The format differs from other well-known open formats for text (such as HTML and OpenDocument) in that it is primarily semantic rather than presentational; the semantics and interpretation of every tag and attribute are specified. There are some 500 different textual components and concepts (, , , , , etc.); each is grounded in one or more academic disciplines and examples are given. Technical details The standard is split into two parts, a discursive textual description with extended examples and discussion and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Scripture Information Standard
Open Scripture Information Standard (OSIS) is an XML application (or schema), that defines tags for marking up Bibles, theological commentaries, and other related literature. Description The schema is very similar to that of the Text Encoding Initiative, though on the one hand much simpler (by omission of many unneeded constructs), and on the other hand adding much more detailed metadata, and a formal canonical reference system to identify books, chapters, verses, and particular locations within verses. The metadata includes a "work declaration" for the work itself, and for each work it references. A work declaration provides basic catalog information based on the Dublin Core standard, and assigns a local short name for the work (similar to XML namespace declarations). Significant Features OSIS gives particular attention to encoding overlapping markup, because Bibles exhibit such markup frequently, for example verses crossing paragraph boundaries and vice versa. The OSIS s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
