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Lycopodiales
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 16 accepted genera and about 400 known species. This family originated about 380 million years ago in the early Devonian, though the diversity within the family has been much more recent. "Wolf foot" is another common name for this family due to the resemblance of either the roots or branch tips to a wolf's paw. Description Members of Lycopodiaceae are not spermatophytes and so do not produce seeds. Instead they produce spores, which are oily and flammable, and are the most economically important aspects of these plants. The spores are of one size (i.e. the plants are isosporous) and are borne on a specialized structure at the apex of a shoot called a strobilus (plural: strobili), which resembles a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives. Members of the family share the common feature of having a microphy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants known as lycopods, lycophytes or other terms including the component lyco-. Members of the class are also called clubmosses, firmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves. Although living species are small, during the Carboniferous, extinct tree-like forms formed huge forests that dominated the landscape and contributed to coal deposits. The nomenclature and classification of plants with microphylls varies substantially among authors. A consensus classification for extant (living) species was produced in 2016 by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I), which places them all in the class Lycopodiopsida, which includes the classes Isoetopsida and Selaginellopsida used in other systems. (See Table 2.) Alternative classification systems have used ranks f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional). PPG I A first classification, PPG I, was produced in 2016, covering only extant (living) pteridophytes. The classification was rank-based, using the ranks of class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily and genus. Phylogeny The classification was based on a consensus phylogeny, shown below to the level of order. The very large order Polypodiales was divided into two suborders, as well as families not placed in a suborder: Classification to subfamily level To the level of subfamily, the PPG I classification is as follows. *Class Lycopodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodiella
''Lycopodiella'' is a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus members are commonly called bog clubmosses, describing their wetland habitat. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with centers of diversity in the tropical New World and New Guinea. In the past, the genus was often incorporated within the related genus ''Lycopodium'', but was segregated in 1964. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), ''Lycopodiella'' is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, along with three other genera. In this circumscription, the genus has about 15 species. Other sources use a wider circumscription, in which the genus is equivalent to the Lycopodielloideae of PPG I, in which case about 40 species and hybrids are accepted. Description ''Lycopodiella'' are non-flowering plants. They have leafy rhizomes that grow along the ground and vertical, leafy shoots, also known as peduncles. Fertile peduncles have strobili at the top of the shoot. Individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinulum Annotinum
''Spinulum annotinum'', synonym ''Lycopodium annotinum'', known as interrupted club-moss, or stiff clubmoss, is a species of clubmoss native to forests of the colder parts of North America (Greenland, St. Pierre & Miquelon, all 10 provinces and all 3 territories of Canada, Alaska, and mountains of the contiguous United States), as well as Asia ( China, Russia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Assam), and most of Europe. The genus '' Spinulum'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not in other classifications, which submerge the genus in ''Lycopodium''. ''Spinulum annotinum'' is a common and widespread club-moss spreading by means of horizontal stems running along the surface of the ground. It is usually unbranched or sparingly branched, each branch containing a cone A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlegmariurus
''Phlegmariurus'' is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources, which keep it in a broadly defined ''Huperzia''. Taxonomy The genus was first described in 1909 by Wilhelm Herter as the section ''Phlegmariurus'' of the genus ''Lycopodium''. The section was elevated to a genus by Josef Ludwig Holub in 1964. Within the family Lycopodiaceae, ''Phlegmariurus'' is placed in the subfamily Huperzioideae. A phylogenetic study in 2016, employing both molecular and morphological data, concluded that either a one-genus or a three-genus division of the subfamily produced monophyletic taxa. The authors preferred the three-genus division, recognizing ''Huperzia'', ''Phlegmariurus'' and ''Phylloglossum ''Phylloglossum'', a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae, is a small plant superficially resembling a tiny grass plant, growing with a rosette of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphasium
''Diphasium'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodium'', others include it in ''Diphasiastrum''. ''Diphasium'' species are mostly native to the temperate southern hemisphere, but extend northwards into Central America and the Caribbean. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *''Diphasium gayanum'' (J.Rémy) Holub *''Diphasium jussiaei'' (Desv. ex Poir.) Rothm. *''Diphasium lawessonianum'' (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg. *''Diphasium scariosum ''Diphasium scariosum'', synonym ''Lycopodium scariosum'', commonly known as spreading clubmoss or creeping club moss, is a species in the club moss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus '' Diphasium'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group c ...'' (G.Forst.) Rothm. References Lycopodia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrolycopodium
The genus ''Dendrolycopodium'' is a clubmoss genus in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodium''. It is treated as section ''Obscura'' when retained within ''Lycopodium''. The genus includes a discrete group of plants with similar morphologies. All have erect to semi-erect, branched stems. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: * ''Dendrolycopodium dendroideum'' (Michx.) A.Haines (including ''D. verticale'') – northern North America, eastern Asia * '' Dendrolycopodium hickeyi'' (W.H.Wagner, Beitel & R.C.Moran) A.Haines – northeastern North America * '' Dendrolycopodium juniperoideum'' (Sw.) A.Haines – northeast Asia (central Siberia) * ''Dendrolycopodium obscurum ''Dendrolycopodium obscurum'', synonym ''Lycopodium obscurum'', commonly called rar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrolycopodium
''Austrolycopodium'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodium''. ''Austrolycopodium'' species are mostly native to the temperate southern hemisphere. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *''Austrolycopodium aberdaricum'' (Chiov.) Holub *''Austrolycopodium alboffii'' (Rolleri) Holub *''Austrolycopodium confertum'' (Willd.) Holub *''Austrolycopodium erectum'' (Phil.) Holub *''Austrolycopodium fastigiatum'' (R.Br.) Holub *''Austrolycopodium magellanicum'' (P.Beauv.) Holub *''Austrolycopodium paniculatum ''Austrolycopodium'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycopodioideae
''Lycopodioideae'' is a subfamily in the family Lycopodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is equivalent to a broad circumscription of the genus '' Lycopodium'' in other classifications. Like all lycophytes, members of the Lycopodioideae reproduce by spores. The oldest fossils of modern members of the family date to the Early Cretaceous. Description The sporophytes of Lycopodioideae species are relatively short herbaceous plants. They have stems with pseudomonopodial branching in which unequal binary branching produces the appearance of a main stem with secondary side branches. The main stems are indeterminate and of various forms, including rhizomatous, creeping, trailing and climbing. They usually form roots at intervals along their length. The branches are usually determinate (i.e. of limited growth and extension). Sporangia are borne at the bases or in the axils of special spore-bearing leaves ( sporophylls), which are notably differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudolycopodiella
''Pseudolycopodiella'' is a genus of non-seed plants in the Lycopodiaceae, long considered part of ''Lycopodium'', but now recognized as a separate genus. It has 10–14 recognized species, only one in North America: ''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana''.Wagner, W. H. Jr. and J. M. Beitel. 1992. Generic classification of modern North American Lycopodiaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 676--686. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Pseudolycopodiella affinis'' (Bory) Holub *'' Pseudolycopodiella benjaminiana'' (P.G.Windisch) B. Øllg. *'' Pseudolycopodiella brevipedunculata'' (Alderw.) Holub *'' Pseudolycopodiella carnosa'' (Silveira) Holub *''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana ''Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana'', known as slender bog club-moss, is a species of lycophyte in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus '' Pseudolycopodiella'' is accepted in the ''Flora of North America'' and the Pteridophyte Phylog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palhinhaea
''Palhinhaea'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodiella''. ''Palhinhaea'' species are widespread in the tropics and subtropics. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Palhinhaea bradei'' (Nessel) Holub *'' Palhinhaea brevibracteata'' (Alderw.) Holub *'' Palhinhaea camporum'' (B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) Holub *''Palhinhaea cernua'' (L.) Vasc. & Franco *'' Palhinhaea cerrojefensis'' B.Øllg. *''Palhinhaea crassifolia'' (Spring) Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia *''Palhinhaea curvata'' (Sw.) Holub *'' Palhinhaea descendens'' (B.Øllg.) Holub *''Palhinhaea divaricata'' B.Øllg. *'' Palhinhaea eichleri'' (Fée) Holub *''Palhinhaea glaucescens'' (C.Presl) Holub *'' Palhinhaea hainanensis'' C.Y.Yang *''Palhinhaea lehmannii'' (Hieron.) Holub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateristachys
''Lateristachys'' is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into ''Lycopodiella''. ''Lateristachys'' species are native to the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ..., Australia and New Zealand. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized three species: *'' Lateristachys diffusa'' (R.Br.) Holub *'' Lateristachys halconensis'' (Copel.) Holub *'' Lateristachys lateralis'' (R.Br.) Holub References Lycopodiaceae Lycophyte genera {{Lycophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
