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Low Emission Buses In London
There are 3,854 hybrid buses, 785 battery electric buses, and 22 hydrogen fuel cell buses operating in London, as of March 2022, out of a total bus fleet of 8,795 - this is around 53% of the bus fleet. The battery electric fleet of the city (about 9% of the total fleet) is the second-largest in Europe, after Moscow, which has over 1000 electric buses operating. From 2021, all new buses will be zero emission, and the entire bus fleet will be zero emission by 2034, although Transport for London have stated that with additional funding, this could be achieved by 2030. In 2021, it was announced that all buses in the fleet meet or exceed Euro VI emission standards, following the phasing out of older buses, the retrofitting of diesel vehicles and the introduction of new hybrid & electric buses. Background In 2006, transport was responsible for around 20% of London's CO2 emissions; with buses making up 5% of the transport total. The city set a target of a 20% reduction in emission ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20200916 RATP London BCE47005 (cropped)
__NOTOC__ Year 916 (Roman numerals, CMXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Sicilian Berbers in Agrigento revolt and depose the independent Emir Ahmed ibn Khorob. They offer Emirate of Sicily, Sicily to the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). Caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah welcomes this turn of events, but refuses to grant the Berber rulers their autonomy. He sends a Fatimid expeditionary force under Abu Said Musa which lands in Sicily and, with some difficulty, takes control of the island. Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah appoints Salam ibn Rashid as the emir of Sicily. Ahmed ibn Khorob is dispatched to Raqqada and executed. Britain * Lady Æthelflæd, daughter of the late King Alfred the Great and the widow of Earl Æthelred of Mercia, sends an army into Brycheiniog to avenge the murder of the Mercian abbot Ecbryht and his companions. They seize and burn the royal fort of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultra-low-sulfur Diesel
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur content. Since 2006, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in Europe and North America has been of a ULSD type. The move to lower sulfur content allows for the application of advanced emissions control technologies that substantially lower the harmful emissions from diesel combustion. Testing by engine manufacturers and regulatory bodies have found the use of emissions control devices in conjunction with ULSD can reduce the exhaust output of ozone precursors and particulate matter to near-zero levels. In 1993 the European Union began mandating the reduction of diesel sulfur content and implementing modern ULSD specifications in 1999. The United States started phasing in ULSD requirements for highway vehicles in 2006, with implementation for off-highway applications, such as locomotive and marine fuel, beginning in 2007. Lubricity Sulfur is not a lubricant in and of itself, but i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethanol
Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group). Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. It has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock. As of 2006, world production of ethanol was , coming mostly from Brazil and the U.S. Etymology ''Ethanol'' is the systematic name defined by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Buses Route 141
London Buses route 141 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Palmers Green and London Bridge bus station, it is operated by Arriva London. History The route was retained by Arriva London with a contract awarded in May 2005. Route 141 was the first route to be served by hybrid electric double-decker buses, with the first one entering service in March 2007. A bus operating on route 141 was involved in an accident near Monument station on 24 February 2010. Eleven people including the driver were injured when the bus crashed into a set of railings and narrowly avoided falling down the steps into the station. Upon being re-tendered, route 141 was retained by Arriva London with a new contract commencing on 12 January 2013. In August 2014, a bus on the route was used to test technology that displays seat availability on a screen at the base of the stairs. Current route Route 141 operates via these primary locations: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrightbus
Wrightbus is a Northern Ireland based bus manufacturer and a pioneer of the low-floor bus. The company was established in 1946 by Robert Wright and was later run by his son William Wright, until it was acquired in 2019 by British businessman Jo Bamford. History Wrightbus was founded in 1946 as Robert Wright & Son Coachbuilders. In its early years it rebodied lorries. In 1978, the company released its first aluminium-structured bus bodywork.Wright's breakthrough into the mainstream bus bodybuilding sector came in the early 1990s. The Handybus was a midibus body offered on a variety of chassis but was more successful than the emerging Dennis Dart in attracting reasonably-sized orders from a variety of operators including London Buses, Go Ahead Northern, Ulsterbus and Citybus (Belfast). This was followed by a move into the full-size single deck market with the Endeavour which was fitted to Dennis Javelin, Leyland Tiger and Scania K93 chassis, and enabled Wright to develop its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008. He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East from 1987 to 2001. A former member of the Labour Party, he was on the party's hard left, ideologically identifying as a socialist. Born in Lambeth, South London, to a working-class family, Livingstone joined Labour in 1968 and was elected to represent Norwood at the GLC in 1973, Hackney North and Stoke Newington in 1977, and Paddington in 1981. That year, Labour representatives on the GLC elected him as the council's leader. Attempting to reduce London Underground fares, his plans were challenged in court and declared unlawful; more successful were his schemes to benefit women and several minority groups, despite stiff opposition. The mainstream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayor Of London
The mayor of London is the chief executive of the Greater London Authority. The role was created in 2000 after the Greater London devolution referendum in 1998, and was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took office on 9 May 2016. The position was held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in May 2008 by Boris Johnson, who then also served two terms before being succeeded by Khan. The mayor is scrutinised by the London Assembly and, supported by their Mayoral Cabinet, directs the entirety of London, including the City of London (for which there is also the Lord Mayor of the City of London). Each London Borough also has a ceremonial mayor or, in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham and Tower Hamlets, an elected mayor. Background The Greater London Council, the elected government for Greater London, was abolished in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985. Strategic functions wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Buses Route 360
London Buses route 360 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Royal Albert Hall and Elephant & Castle, it is operated by London Central. History The route was the first in London to use hybrid electric buses A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These type of buses normally use a Diesel-electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid Diesel-elec ..., with six vehicles built by Wrightbus, branded Electrocity, entering service in February 2006. The trial was announced in March 2005; route 360 was chosen as it is one of few single-deck routes to operate in central London. Six diesel buses were operated alongside the hybrids for comparison. The hybrids were temporarily withdrawn shortly after their introduction following problems with engine overheating. In November 2009, it was announced that London Central had successfully ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wright Electrocity
The Wright Electrocity was a type of hybrid electric bus built by Wrightbus between 2002 and 2013. The Electrocity was based on DAF/VDL SB120 chassis for most of these buses, except for a single Dennis Dart SLF prototype. History Two Electrocity prototypes were initially built in 2002; one based on DAF SB120 chassis, the other based on a Dennis Dart SLF chassis. The bodywork design was similar to the existing Wright Cadet and Crusader, which were also built on DAF SB120 and Dennis Dart SLF chassis respectively, with the addition of battery pods on the roof of the Electrocity being the main difference. The Electrocity was the first bus of its kind to be built, and the prototypes competed mainly with the TransBus Enviro200H. The Electrocity design was facelifted in 2005 to match the updated Cadet design, with the main noticeable change being rounded front headlights. Following the collapse of TransBus International in 2004 and subsequent cancellation of the Enviro200H programm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Buses Route RV1
London Buses route RV1 was a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Covent Garden and Tower Gateway DLR station, Tower Gateway station, it was operated by Tower Transit until 14 June 2019, when it was permanently withdrawn. History Route RV1 commenced operating on 27 April 2002 between Covent Garden and Tower Gateway DLR station, Tower Gateway station. The service carried ''Riverside'' branding and was intended to open up the South Bank, connecting visitor attractions including the Royal National Theatre, National Theatre, London Eye, Royal Festival Hall and Tate Modern. It serves many streets that had not been served by buses. The service was jointly promoted by Transport for London and the South Bank Employers' Group. ''The Daily Telegraph'' called the route one of the "best routes for sightseeing on a shoestring". It was one of the first routes in London to use off-bus ticketing only, leading to quicker boarding and journey times, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Buses Route 25
London Buses route 25 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Ilford and City Thameslink station, it is operated by Stagecoach London. As of 2017 it was the busiest bus route in London. It is one of the longest routes in London. History Route 25 began operation on 30 October 1910 between Old Ford and Victoria via Bank, Holborn, Oxford Circus and Piccadilly, the same routing as today's route 8. On 20 June 1912, routes 8 and 25 exchanged their eastern branches at Bank, with route 25 taking over what has become its traditional route from Seven Kings to Victoria. By the end of the World War I, route 25 was working daily between Seven Kings Garage and Victoria, with a Sunday 25A route from Chadwell Heath to Victoria. During the 1920s, London's bus transport expanded rapidly, and route 25 soon had gained 25B, 25C and 25D suffixed routes. A scale model of a 25 bus as operated by the London General Omnibus Company from the 1910s is dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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