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Llanerchydol
Llanerchydol is a settlement on the A458 about 2 km west of the centre of Welshpool in the county of Powys in Wales. It is part of the community of Welshpool and also lends its name to an electoral ward. Llanerchydol Hall Llanerchydol Hall, a Grade II* Listed Building, is located in parkland between the A458 to Llanfair Caereinion and A490 to Llanfyllin. The Hall is a fine and largely intact early 19th-century picturesque Gothic Revival style house, with well preserved park and gardens. The site has a long history of occupation, including a Tudor house which burnt down in about 1776, after which David Pugh, a local man who made a fortune selling tea in London, bought the site and built a new house which became known as Llanerchydol Hall. David Pugh's great grand nephew, also named David Pugh, inherited Llanerchydol Hall and became a local politician. During the 136 years of Pugh ownership, the house underwent many adaptations, including the introduction of the fairy-ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ystlyg
Ystlyg ( en, possibly curve or open country) was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys. It lay at the east of the kingdom on the border with England. It consisted of the commotes (''cymydau'') of Deuddwr in the north, Ystrad Marchell in the centre, Llannerch Hudol (also written Llannerchwdwl, Llanerchydol or Llannerchudol) in the south, and Y Gorddwr (or Corddwr) in the east beyond the River Severn and Offa's Dyke. Ystad Marchell, Llannerch Hudol and Deuddwr formed the ''Teirswydd'' (English: three ommotes(literally, swydd is ''post'' as in an office)) which were among the lands restored into the possession of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn in return for his homage and fealty by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at Ystumanner in 1263. Y Gorddwr had remained under the control of the Corbet family (barons of Caus) and therefore the English king. The cantref of Ystlyg (excluding Y Gorddwr) corresponds to the later hundred 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ystrad Marchell
Ystrad Marchell sometimes Strad Marchell ( en, Vale of Marchell) was a medieval commote (''cwmwd'') in the cantref of Ystlyg in the Kingdom of Powys. It roughly coincides with the parish of Welshpool. It lay at the east of the kingdom, bordering the cantref of Caereinion to the west and south, and the cantref of Mechain to the north-west. Within Ystlyg the other commotes were Deuddwr to the north, Llannerch Hudol to the south and Y Gorddwr (or Corddwr) to the east. The cantref of Ystlyg (excluding Y Gorddwr) corresponds to the later hundred of Deuddwr. Ystrad Marchell was founded by or named for Marchell, a sister of the fifth or sixth century saint Tyfrydog. She was also a saint and is associated with Capel Marchell near Llanrwst, and Ffynnon Farchell ( en, Well of St Marcella) and St Marcella's Parish Church (formerly Llanfarchell) in Eglwys Wen near Denbigh. The valley of Ystrad Marchell is the site of the medieval Cistercian monastery of Strata Marcella (Latinised fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deuddwr
Deuddwr (; en, Confluence, literally: two waters) was a medieval commote (''cwmwd'') in the cantref of Ystlyg in the Kingdom of Powys. It lay at the east of the kingdom, bordering England to the north, the cantref of Mechain to the north-west and, within Ystlyg, the commotes of Ystrad Marchell to the south and Y Gorddwr to the east. It is also between the River Vyrnwy in the north-east and the River Severn in the south-east, they meet at the east of the commote, hence its name. The cantref of Ystlyg (excluding Y Gorddwr) corresponds to the later hundred of Deuddwr. The name of this hundred has been corrupted to Deythur or Deytheur. The name occurs in modern placenames, e.g. the parish of Llansantffraid Deythur and the village of Deuddwr south-east of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain. Together with Llannerch Hudol and Ystrad Marchell it formed the ''Teirswydd'' ("three commotes") which were among the lands restored into the possession of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn in return for his ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commote
A commote (Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ''cym-'' ("together", "with") and the noun ''bod'' ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh ''cymwt''. Medieval Welsh land organisation The basic unit of land was the ''tref'', a small village or settlement. In theory, 100 ''trefi'' made up a ''cantref'' (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ''cantrefi''), and half or a third of a ''cantref'' was a ''cymwd'', although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the ''cantrefi'', commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caereinion
Caereinion (fort of Einion) was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys, or possibly it was a commote (''cwmwd'') within a cantref called Llŷs Wynaf. It was divided into the manors of Uwch Coed and Is Coed. It lay towards the south of the kingdom, bordering with the commote of Mochnant Uwch Rhaeadr of the cantref of Mochnant and the cantref of Mechain to the north, the commotes of Ystrad Marchell and Llanerch Hudol in the cantref of Ystlyg to the east, the cantrefi of Cedewain to the south and Cyfeiliog to the west. It roughly corresponds to the later hundred of Mathrafal. Castle Caereinion, Caereinion Fechan, Llanfair Caereinion, Llanerfyl, Llangadfan, Llangyniew and part of Berriew Berriew ( cy, Aberriw) is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. It is on the Montgomeryshire Canal and the Afon Rhiw, near the confluence (Welsh: ''aber'') with the River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren) at , 79 miles (128 k ... are within the territory of this cant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welshpool
Welshpool ( cy, Y Trallwng) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, historically in the county of Montgomeryshire. The town is from the Wales–England border and low-lying on the River Severn; its Welsh language name ''Y Trallwng'' means "the marshy or sinking land". The community includes Cloddiau and Pool Quay. In English it was initially known as Pool but its name was changed to Welshpool in 1835 to distinguish it from the English town of Poole. The community had a population of 6,664 (as of the 2011 United Kingdom census A census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years. The 2011 census was held in all countries of the UK on 27 March 2011. It was the first UK census which could be completed online via the Internet. The Office for Nationa ...), with the town having 5,948. It contains much Georgian architecture and is just north of Powis Castle. History St Cynfelin is reputed to be the founder of two churches in the town, St Mary's a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fealty
An oath of fealty, from the Latin ''fidelitas'' (faithfulness), is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another. Definition In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty took the form of an oath made by a vassal, or subordinate, to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties incumbent upon a vassal that were owed to the lord, which consisted of service and aid.Coredon ''A Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases'' p. 120 One part of the oath of fealty included swearing to always remain faithful to the lord. The oath of fealty usually took place after the act of homage, when, by the symbolic act of kneeling before the lord and placing his hands between the hands of the lord, the vassal became the "man" of the lord. Usually, the lord also promised to provide for the vassal in some form, either through the granting of a fief or by some other manner of support.Saul "Feudalism" ''Companion to Medieval England'' pp. 102-105 Typically, the oath took place upon a religious object such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gruffydd Ap Gwenwynwyn
Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn (died c. 1286) was a Welsh king who was lord of the part of Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn and sided with Edward I in his conquest of Wales of 1277 to 1283. Gruffydd was the son of Gwenwynwyn and Margaret Corbet. He was still a child when his father, who had been driven out of his princedom by Llywelyn the Great, died in exile in 1216. He spent his youth in England, maintained by the king, and did not return to Wales until after Llywelyn's death. When Dafydd ap Llywelyn was forced to come to terms with King Henry III of England in 1241, Gruffydd was given most of the lands formerly held by his father, paying homage to Henry for them. Around this time he married Hawise, daughter of John Lestrange of Knockin. When Llywelyn ap Gruffudd increased his power in Wales after 1255, Gruffydd continued to support the crown, and in 1257 he was again driven into exile. In 1263 he agreed to transfer his allegiance to Llywelyn under threat of being stripped of his land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powis Castle
Powis Castle ( cy, Castell Powys) is a British medieval castle, fortress and grand country house near Welshpool, in Powys. The seat of the Herbert family, Earls of Powis, the castle is known for its formal gardens and for its interiors, the former having been described as "the most important", and the latter "the most magnificent", in Wales. The castle and garden are under the care of the National Trust. Powis Castle is a Grade I listed building. The present castle was built in the 13th century. Unusually for a castle on the Marches, it was constructed by a Welsh prince, Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, rather than by a Norman baron. Gruffydd was Prince of the ancient Kingdom of Powys and, generally maintained an alliance with English king Edward I during the struggles of the later 13th century. He was able to secure the position of his son, Owain, although the kingdom itself was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury in 1283. After his father's death, Owain was raised to the pee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadwgan Ap Bleddyn
Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1051–1111) was a prince of the Kingdom of Powys ( cy, Teyrnas Powys) in north eastern Wales. Cadwgan (possibly born 1060) was the second son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn who was king of both Kingdom of Powys and Gwynedd. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle stated : ''"the Welsh ... chose many leaders from among themselves, one of them was called Cadwgan, who was the finest of the all"''. The Welsh ruling kingdoms had descended in a civil strife during the Norman invasion of Wales. Bleddyn, Cadwgan's father was killed in 1075 in the 'battle of Gwdig' ( Goodwick) by the neighboring kingdom of Deheubarth and Prince Rhys ab Owain with the nobles of Ystrad Tywi; his family avenged the death when his cousin Trahaearn ap Caradog retaliated in the battle of Goodwick. After which, the Kingdom of Powys was divided between three of Bleddyn's sons, Cadwgan, Iorwerth and Maredudd. Battles Cadwgan is first heard of in 1088 when he attacked Deheubarth with Trahaern ap Caradog in retal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motte And Bailey
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. Windsor Castle, in England, is an example of a motte-and-bailey castle. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries. Architecture Structures A motte-and-bailey castle was made up of two structures: a mott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powys Wenwynwyn
Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages. The realm was the southern portion of the former princely state of Powys which split following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160: the northern portion (Maelor) went to Gruffydd Maelor and eventually became known as Powys Fadog; while the southern portion (Cyfeiliog) going to Owain Cyfeiliog and becoming known, eventually, as Powys Wenwynwyn after Prince Gwenwynwyn ab Owain, its second ruler. Powys Wenwynwyn and Gwynedd became bitter rivals in the years that followed, with the former frequently allying itself with England to further its own aims of weakening the latter. Princes of Powys Wenwynwyn * 1160–1195 Owain Cyfeiliog married a daughter of Owain Gwynedd and abdicated in 1195. * 1195–1216 Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Gwenwynwyn seized the cantref of Arwystli in 1197, when he was aligned with England. Following the marriage of Llywelyn the Great and Joan of Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
