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List Of International Environmental Agreements
This is a list of international environmental agreements. Most of the following agreements are legally binding for countries that have formally ratified them. Some, such as the Kyoto Protocol, differentiate between types of countries and each nation's respective responsibilities under the agreement. Several hundred international environmental agreements exist but most link only a limited number of countries. These bilateral or sometimes trilateral agreements are only binding for the countries that have ratified them but are nevertheless essential in the international environmental regime. Including the major conventions listed below, more than 3,000 international environmental instruments have been identified by the IEA Database Project. Alphabetical order * Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998 *Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds *Alpi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) that human-made CO2 emissions are driving it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There were 192 parties ( Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012) to the Protocol in 2020. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to reduce the onset of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (Article 2). The Kyoto Protocol applied to the seven greenhouse gases listed in Annex A: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 September 1996, but has not entered into force, as eight specific nations have not ratified the treaty. History The movement for international control of nuclear weapons began in 1945, with a call from Canada and the United Kingdom for a conference on the subject. In June 1946, Bernard Baruch, an emissary of President Harry S. Truman, proposed the Baruch Plan before the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, which called for an international system of controls on the production of atomic energy. The plan, which would serve as the basis for U.S. nuclear policy into the 1950s, was rejected by the Soviet Union as a US ploy to cement its nuclear dominance. Between the Trinity nuclear test of 16 July 1945 and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention On Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and it is often seen as the key document regarding sustainable development. The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. The United States is the only UN member state which has not ratified the Convention. It has two supplementary agreements, the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamako Convention
The Bamako Convention (in full: Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa) is a treaty of African nations prohibiting the import of any hazardous (including radioactive) waste. The convention was negotiated by twelve nations of the Organisation of African Unity at Bamako, Mali in January, 1991, and came into force in 1998. Impetus for the Bamako Convention arose from the failure of the Basel Convention to prohibit trade of hazardous waste to less developed countries (LDCs), and from the realization that many developed nations were exporting toxic wastes to Africa. This impression was strengthened by several prominent cases. One important case, which occurred in 1987, concerned the importation into Nigeria of of hazardous waste from the Italian companies Ecomar and Jelly Wax, which had agreed to pay local farmer Sunday Nana $100 per month for storage. The barrels, found in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention On Assistance In The Case Of A Nuclear Accident Or Radiological Emergency
The Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency is a 1986 treaty of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) whereby states have agreed to provide notification to the IAEA of any assistance that they can provide in the case of a nuclear accident that occurs in another state that has ratified the treaty. Along with the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, it was adopted in direct response to the April 1986 Chernobyl disaster. The Convention was concluded and signed at a special session of the IAEA general conference on 26 September 1986; the special session was called because of the Chernobyl disaster, which had occurred five months before. Significantly, the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR—the states that were responsible for the Chernobyl disaster—both signed the treaty at the conference and quickly ratified it. It was signed by 68 states and the Convention entered into force on 26 February 1987 after the thir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention For The Protection Of The Natural Resources And Environment Of The South Pacific Region
Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a certain field who share a common interest ** Fan convention, a gathering of fans of a particular media property or genre ** Gaming convention, centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, and the like ** Political convention, a formal gathering of people for political purposes * Trade fair * Bridge convention, a term in the game of bridge * Convention (Paris Métro), a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement * "The Convention" (''The Office'' episode) * "Convention" (''Malcolm in the Middle'' episode) See also * Conference A conference is a meeting of two or more experts to discuss and exchange opinions or new information about a particular topic. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention For The Protection Of The Marine Environment Of The North-east Atlantic
Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a certain field who share a common interest ** Fan convention, a gathering of fans of a particular media property or genre ** Gaming convention, centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, and the like ** Political convention, a formal gathering of people for political purposes * Trade fair * Bridge convention, a term in the game of bridge * Convention (Paris Métro), a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement * "The Convention" (''The Office'' episode) * "Convention" (''Malcolm in the Middle'' episode) See also * Conference A conference is a meeting of two or more experts to discuss and exchange opinions or new information about a particular topic. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention For The Protection Of The Marine Environment And Coastal Area Of The South-east Pacific
Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a certain field who share a common interest ** Fan convention, a gathering of fans of a particular media property or genre ** Gaming convention, centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, and the like ** Political convention, a formal gathering of people for political purposes * Trade fair * Bridge convention, a term in the game of bridge * Convention (Paris Métro), a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement * "The Convention" (''The Office'' episode) * "Convention" (''Malcolm in the Middle'' episode) See also * Conference A conference is a meeting of two or more experts to discuss and exchange opinions or new information about a particular topic. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Of The Protection, Management And Development Of The Marine And Coastal Environment Of The Eastern African Region
The Nairobi Convention is a partnership between governments, civil society and the private sector, working towards a prosperous Western Indian Ocean Region with healthy rivers, coasts and oceans. It pursues this vision by providing a mechanism for regional cooperation, coordination and collaborative actions; it enables the Contracting Parties to harness resources and expertise from a wide range of stakeholders and interest groups; and in this way it helps solve inter-linked problems of the region's coastal and marine environment. History of the Convention The Nairobi Convention, which was first signed in 1985 and entered into force in 1996, is part of UN Environment's Regional Seas Programme. The programme aims to address the accelerating degradation of the world's oceans and coastal areas through the sustainable management and use of the marine and coastal environment. It does this by engaging countries that share the western Indian Ocean in actions to protect their shared ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention For The Protection And Development Of The Marine Environment Of The Wider Caribbean Region
Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a certain field who share a common interest ** Fan convention, a gathering of fans of a particular media property or genre ** Gaming convention, centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, and the like ** Political convention, a formal gathering of people for political purposes * Trade fair * Bridge convention, a term in the game of bridge * Convention (Paris Métro), a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement * "The Convention" (''The Office'' episode) * "Convention" (''Malcolm in the Middle'' episode) See also * Conference A conference is a meeting of two or more experts to discuss and exchange opinions or new information about a particular topic. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention For Co-operation In The Protection And Development Of The Marine And Coastal Environment Of The West And Central African Region
Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law * Convention (meeting), meeting of a (usually large) group of individuals and/or companies in a certain field who share a common interest ** Fan convention, a gathering of fans of a particular media property or genre ** Gaming convention, centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, and the like ** Political convention, a formal gathering of people for political purposes * Trade fair * Bridge convention, a term in the game of bridge * Convention (Paris Métro), a station on line 12 of the Paris Métro in the 15th arrondissement * "The Convention" (''The Office'' episode) * "Convention" (''Malcolm in the Middle'' episode) See also * Conference A conference is a meeting of two or more experts to discuss and exchange opinions or new information about a particular topic. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocol On Environmental Protection To The Antarctic Treaty
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Madrid Protocol, is a complementary legal instrument to the Antarctic Treaty signed in Madrid on October 4, 1991. It entered into force on January 14, 1998. The Madrid Protocol designates Antarctica as a “natural reserve, devoted to peace and science” (Art. 2). It complements and reinforces the Antarctic Treaty in order to increase the protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems. Signatories As of 2022, the original 26 nations to sign the Madrid Protocol have been joined by a further 16 nations. Of the 42 total signatories, 29 are Consultative Parties to the Antarctic Treaty, and the other 13 are Non-Consultative Parties (see Appendix 1). Main provisions The Protocol consists of a preamble, a main body with 27 articles, an appendix on Arbitration (13 additional articles) and six annexes, the last of which has not yet entered into force. The Pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
