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Lomonosov Prize
The Lomonosov Gold Medal ( ''Bol'shaya zolotaya medal' imeni M. V. Lomonosova''), named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Since 1967, two medals have been awarded annually: one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. It is the academy's highest accolade. Recipients of Lomonosov Gold Medal __NOTOC__ 1959 * Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: cumulatively, for works in physics of low temperatures. 1961 * Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov: accumulatively for works in chemistry. 1963 * Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, president of the Scientific Council of Japan): for substantial scientific contributions to the development of physics. * Hideki Yukawa (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Basic Research at the Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; , ; – ) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. His spheres of science were natural science, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and others. The founder of modern geology,Vernadsky, V. (1911) Pamyati M.V. Lomonosova. Zaprosy zhizni, 5: 257-262 (in Russian) n memory of M.V. Lomonosov/ref> Lomonosov was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language. Early life and family Lomonosov was born in the village of Mishaninskaya, later renamed Lomonosovo in his honor, in Archangelgorod Governorate, on an island not far from Kholmogory, in the far north of Russia. His father, Vasily Dorofeyevich Lomonosov, was a prosperous peasant fisherman turned ship owner, who amassed a small fortune trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov
Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov ( rus, Ива́н Матве́евич Виногра́дов, p=ɪˈvan mɐtˈvʲejɪvʲɪtɕ vʲɪnɐˈɡradəf, a=Ru-Ivan_Matveyevich_Vinogradov.ogg; 14 September 1891 – 20 March 1983) was a Soviet mathematician, who was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory, and also a dominant figure in mathematics in the USSR. He was born in the Velikiye Luki district, Pskov Oblast. He graduated from the University of St. Petersburg, where in 1920 he became a Professor. From 1934 he was a Director of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, a position he held for the rest of his life, except for the five-year period (1941–1946) when the institute was directed by Academician Sergei Sobolev. In 1941 he was awarded the Stalin Prize. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1942. In 1951 he became a foreign member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Kraków. Mathematical contributions In analytic number theory, ''V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrentiev
Mikhail Alekseyevich Lavrentyev (or Lavrentiev, ; November 19, 1900 – October 15, 1980) was a Soviet mathematician and hydrodynamicist. Early years Lavrentyev was born in Kazan, where his father was an instructor at a college (he later became a professor at Kazan University, then Moscow University). He entered Kazan University, and, when his family moved to Moscow in 1921, he transferred to the Department of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. He graduated in 1922. He continued his studies in the university in 1923-26 as a graduate student of Nikolai Luzin. Although Luzin was alleged to plagiarize in science and indulge in anti-Sovietism by some of his students in 1936, Lavrentyev did not participate in the notorious political persecution of his teacher which is known as the Luzin case or Luzin affair. In fact Luzin was a friend of his father. Mid career In 1927, Lavrentyev spent half a year in France, collaborating with French mathematicians, and upon returned to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Klare
Hermann Klare (12 May 1909 – 22 August 2003) was a chemistry academic who played a prominent role in scientific administration and research in the German Democratic Republic East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ... (GDR). Klare held professorships at the Technical University Leuna-Merseburg and at Humboldt University (Berlin). From 1968 to 1979 he was president of the German Academy of Sciences (renamed the Academy of Sciences of the GDR in 1972). Publications *Technology and chemistry of synthetic polyamide fibers. Berlin 1954 *Synthetic polyamide fibers: technology and chemistry. Berlin 1963 (as co-author) *The Academy of Sciences of the GDR: the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Academy. Berlin 1975 *History of chemical fiber research to the presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich
Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich () (October 23, 1896 – November 12, 1980) was an outstanding Soviet chemist, inorganic chemist, technologist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1934), member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (since 1946). He was engaged in the technology of production of mineral fertilizers, studied the processes of electrothermal sublimation of phosphorus. He developed an industrial scheme for producing potassium salts from sylvinite and a new technology for producing concentrated phosphate fertilizers. He was the first in the USSR to conduct research on fluoride gases uilization, to study the processes of processing mirabilite into soda and ammonium sulfate. He studied the catalytic and other properties of aluminum-, boron-, iron-phosphates. Biography Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich was born in 1896 in the city of Ananyev, former Kherson province (now Odessa region, Ukraine). His father was a pharmacist (died in 1919), his mother was a housewife. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh
Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (; – 24 June 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program. He was the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1946), President of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1961–1975), three-time Hero of Socialist Labour (1956, 1961, 1971), and fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1968). He was one of the key figures behind the Soviet space program. Among scientific circles of the USSR Keldysh was known by the epithet "the Chief Theoretician" in analogy with epithet "the Chief Designer" used for Sergei Korolev. Family Keldysh was born to a professional family of Russian nobility. His grandfather, Mikhail Fomich Keldysh (1839–1920), was a military physician, who retired with the military rank of General. Keldysh's grandmother, Natalia Keldysh (née Brusilova), was a cousin of general Aleksei Brusilov. Keldysh's maternal grandfather, Alexander Nikolayevich Skvortsov, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angel Balevski
Angel Balevski () (4 March 1910 – 15 September 1997) was a Bulgarian engineer, inventor, and politician. He has been a member of the State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria for the whole duration of its existence (1971-1989). Balevski was president of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1968-1988), Co-president of the International Academy of Science, Munich (1988-1997) and chairman of the Bulgarian Pugwash Group. Life He graduated from a technical school in Brno in the Czech Republic in 1934 and started his professional career as a metallurgical engineer. Later he was a professor at numerous universities across Europe. Balevski was the founder of the Bulgarian academic school in the field of metal sciences and technologies. He was successful in designing a hot pressing machine for non-ferrous metals. He developed an original method for cast iron production from Bulgarian raw materials in a rotating drum furnace. Together with Ivan Dimov, he developed a counter-pressure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Ivanovich Tselikov
Alexander Ivanovich Tselikov (; 20 April 1904, in Moscow – 28 October 1984, in Moscow) was a Soviet metallurgist, industrial machines designer, and Hero of Socialist Labor (1964, 1984). He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1953 and full member (academician An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life. Accor ...) in 1964. References 1904 births 1984 deaths Heroes of Socialist Labour Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Engineers from Moscow Soviet metallurgists {{USSR-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimír Zoubek
Vladimír Zoubek (21 September 1903 in Heřmanův Městec – 24 May 1995 in Prague) was a Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ... geologist. He won the Lomonosov Prize for his contributions to geology. In turn, from ''The Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', 3rd Edition (1970-1979). Retrieved May 22, 2016. The mineral Zoubekite is named after him. Notes [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Pavlovich Vinogradov
Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov (; August 21, 1895 – November 16, 1975) was a Soviet geochemist, academician (1953), and Hero of Socialist Labour (1949, 1975). In 1928, he took up a position as assistant professor in the laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He was the director of Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1947-1975). Mons Vinogradov, a mountain on the near side of the Moon, is named after him. So is a large crater on Mars. Biography Alexander Vinogradov was born in a family of state ("economic") peasants (employees) in Yaroslavl province or, according to other sources, in St. Petersburg. At the end of agricultural work, the whole Vinogradov family would go to St. Petersburg to earn money, and for the summer they would come home to Petretsovo where parents would engage in farming. At the end of the 1890s, family moved to St. Petersburg for permanent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Steenbeck
Max Christian Theodor Steenbeck (21 March 1904 – 15 December 1981) was a German nuclear physicist who invented the betatron in 1934 during his employment at the Siemens AG. After the World War II, Steenbeck was taken into the Soviet custody and held in Russia where he was one of many German nuclear physicists in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons. After accepting the teaching position at the University of Jena, Steenback was reparated back to Germany where he devoted his career in teaching courses in university academia. Early life Steenbeck was born in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, on 21 March 1904. From 1920–29, he attended the University of Kiel where he earned his bachelor's degree in physics and completed his doctoral studies in physics. He completed his thesis on x-rays under Walther Kossel; he submitted the thesis in 1927/1928 and his doctorate was awarded in January 1929. While a student at Kiel, he formulated the concept of the cyclotron. Career Early years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikoloz Muskhelishvili
Nikoloz (Niko) Muskhelishvili ( ka, ნიკოლოზ (ნიკო) მუსხელიშვილი ; – 15 July 1976) was a Soviet Georgian mathematician, physicist and engineer who was one of the founders and first President (1941–1972) of the Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences (now Georgian National Academy of Sciences). Life and career Muskhelishvili was born on in Tbilisi, then part of the Russian Empire into a family of engineers. He graduated from local grammar school in 1909 and afterwards from the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Saint Petersburg in 1914. Immediately after his graduation he became head of Applied Mathematics of the same faculty and in 1918 passed the exam for the master's degree. His first scientific magazine was published already earlier in 1915 containing a number of issues on elasticity theory. From 1917 to 1920 he worked as assistant director of the Petrograd University and also taught mathematics in other institutions in Saint Petersbu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
