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List Of Classical Meters
Greek and Latin metre is an overall term used for the various rhythms in which Greek and Latin poems were composed. The individual rhythmical patterns used in Greek and Latin poetry are also known as "Metre (poetry), metres" (US "meters"). Greek poetry developed first, starting as early as the 8th century BC with the epic poems of Homer and didactic poems of Hesiod, which were composed in the dactylic hexameter. A variety of other metres were used for lyric poetry and for classical Greek drama. Some of the earliest Latin poems, dating from the 3rd century BC, were composed in Saturnian (poetry), Saturnian verse, which is not used in Greek. Apart from these Saturnian poems, which today survive only in fragments, all Latin poetry is written in adaptations of various Greek metres. Although a large number of Greek metres were adapted, Latin verse tends to imitate only the simpler forms, and complex stanzas in irregular and rapidly changing metres such as the dactylo-epitrite used in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre ( Commonwealth spelling) or meter ( American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, " prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.) Characteristics An assortment of features can be identified when classifying poetry and its metre. Qualitative versus quantitative metre The metre of most poetry of the Western world and elsewhere is based on patterns of syllables of particular types. The familiar type of metre in English-language poetry is called qualitative metre, with stressed syllables comin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iambic Trimeter
The Iambic trimeter, in classical Greek and Latin poetry, is a meter of poetry consisting of three iambic metra (each of two feet) per line. In English poetry, it refers to a meter with three iambic feet. In ancient Greek poetry and Latin poetry, an iambic trimeter is a quantitative meter, in which a line consists of three iambic ''metra''. Each '' metron'' consists of the pattern , x – u – , , where "–" represents a long syllable, "u" a short one, and "x" an ''anceps'' (either long or short). Resolution was common, especially in the first two metra of the line, so that any long or ''anceps'' syllable except the last could be replaced by two short syllables (see for example Euripides#Chronology), making a total of 13 or more syllables. It is the most common meter used for the spoken parts (as opposed to the sung parts) of Ancient Greek tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays. It is also common in iambus or 'blame poetry', although it is not the only meter for that genre. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcmanian
Alcmanian verse refers to the dactylic tetrameter in Greek and Latin poetry. Dactylic tetrameter in Alcman Ancient metricians called the dactylic tetrameter the Alcmanic because of its use by the Archaic Greek poet Alcman, as in fragment 27 ''PMG'': : : : :, – uu – uu – uu – uu , :, – uu – uu – uu – uu , :, – – – uu – uu – uu , :'Come, Muse Calliope, daughter of Zeus, :Begin the lovely words, add beauty :And lovely dance to our hymn.' This length is scanned like the first four feet of the dactylic hexameter (giving rise to the name dactylic tetrameter ''a priore''). Thus, a spondee substitutes for a dactyl in the third line, but the lines end with dactyls (not spondees). The final syllable of each line in the above fragment counts as short and is not observed. The Alcmanian (or Alcmanic) strophe Horace composed some poems in the Alcmanian strophe or Alcmanian system. It is also called the Alcmanic strophe or the 1st Archilochian. It is a cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archilochian
Archilochian or archilochean is a term used to describe several metres of Ancient Greek and Latin poetry. The name is derived from Archilochus, whose poetry first uses the rhythms. In Greek verse Erasmonidean In the analysis of Archaic and Classical Greek poetry, archilochian or archllochean usually describes the following length: :x – u u – u u – x , – u – u – x (where "–" indicates a longum, "u" a breve, and "x" an syllable). The alternative name erasmonideus or erasmonidean comes from Archilochus' fr. 168 (West): : , : , : , : , :'Erasmonides Charilaos, I'm going to tell you an amusing thing, :most dearest of friends, and you will enjoy hearing it.' As indicated, a caesura is observed before the ithyphallic (– u – u – –) ending of the verse. (Because of this, the name ''erasmonideus'' has sometimes been used to refer only to the colon x – u u – u u – x preceding the ithyphallic.) The verse is also used stichically in Old Comed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anacreon
Anacreon ( BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet, notable for his drinking songs and erotic poems. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of Nine Lyric Poets. Anacreon wrote all of his poetry in the ancient Ionic dialect. Like all early lyric poetry, it was composed to be sung or recited to the accompaniment of music, usually the lyre. Anacreon's poetry touched on universal themes of love, infatuation, disappointment, revelry, parties, festivals, and the observations of everyday people and life. Life Anacreon lived in the sixth century BC. His exact year of birth is not known, with the general scholarly consensus being that he was likely born in the 570s BC: Hans Bernsdorff says c. 575, David Campbell says c. 570. The Suda reports four possible names for his father: Eumelus, Aristocritus, Parthenius, and Scythinus. Ancient sources agree that Anacreon came from Teos, on the coast of Ionia (modern Turkey); this tradition is attested as early as Herodotus, and at least o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hipponax
Hipponax (; ; ''gen''. Ἱππώνακτος; ), of Ephesus and later Clazomenae, was an Ancient Greek iambic poet who composed verses depicting the vulgar side of life in Ionian society. He was celebrated by ancient authors for his malicious wit, especially for his attacks on some contemporary sculptors, Bupalus and Athenis. Hipponax was reputed to be physically deformed, which might have been inspired by the nature of his poetry. Life Ancient authorities record the barest details about his life (sometimes contradicting each other) and his extant poetry is too fragmentary to support autobiographical interpretation (a hazardous exercise even at the best of times). The Marmor Parium, only partially preserved in the relevant place, dates him to 541/40 BCE, a date supported by Pliny the Elder in this comment on the theme of sculpture: Archeological corroboration for these dates is found on the pedestal of a statue in Delos, inscribed with the names Micciades and Achermus a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archilochus
Archilochus (; ''Arkhílokhos''; 680 – c. 645 BC) was a Iambus (genre) , iambic poet of the Archaic Greece, Archaic period from the island of Paros. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of poetic meters, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost entirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences. Biography A considerable amount of information about the life of Archilochus has come down to the modern age via his surviving work, the testimony of other authors, and inscriptions on monuments, yet it all needs to be viewed with caution – the biographical tradition is generally unreliable and the fragmentary nature of the poems does not really support inferences about his personal history. The vivid language and intimate details of the poems often look autobiographical yet it is known, on the authority of Aristotle, that Archilochus sometimes role-played. The philosopher quoted two fragments as examples of an author speaking in somebody el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hendecasyllable
In poetry, a hendecasyllable (as an adjective, hendecasyllabic) is a line of eleven syllables. The term may refer to several different poetic meters, the older of which are quantitative and used chiefly in classical (Ancient Greek and Latin) poetry, and the newer of which are syllabic or accentual-syllabic and used in medieval and modern poetry. Classical In classical poetry, "hendecasyllable" or "hendecasyllabic" may refer to any of three distinct 11-syllable Aeolic meters, used first in Ancient Greece and later, with little modification, by Roman poets. Aeolic meters are characterized by an Aeolic base × × followed by a choriamb – u u –; where – = a long syllable, u = a short syllable, and × = an anceps, that is, a syllable either long or short. The three Aeolic hendecasyllables (with base and choriamb in bold) are: Phalaecian hendecasyllable (): × × – u u – u – u – – This line is named after Phalaecus, a minor Hellenistic poet who used it in e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galliambic Verse
''Versus Galliambicus'' (Latin), or the ''Galliambic Verse'' (English), is a verse built from two anacreontic cola, the second one catalectic (i.e., lacking its final syllable). The metre typically has resolution in the last metron, and often elsewhere, leading to a run of short syllables at the end. An example is the first line of Catullus's poem 63: u u - u , - u - - , , u u - u u , u u u sŭpĕr āltă vēctŭs Āttĭs , , cĕlĕrī rătĕ mărĭă This metre was used for songs sung by (or ), eunuch devotees of the goddess Cybele, the ancient nature goddess of Anatolia, who was also known as the Mother of the Gods. The most famous poem in this metre is Catullus's ''Attis'' (poem 63), a poem of 93 lines describing the self-emasculation of a certain Attis, who later regretted his action, but was driven again to a frenzy by the goddess. Apart from this poem only a few isolated lines in the metre exist in Greek and Latin. Construction The galliambic metre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotadean Metre
The sotadean metre (pronounced: ) was a rhythmic pattern used by and named after the 3rd-century BC Greek poet Sotades. It is generally classified as a type of ionic metre, though in fact it is half ionic and half trochaic. It has several variations, but the usual pattern is this: : – – u u , – – u u , – u – u , – – An example from Petronius is: : :"three times I seized the terrible two-edged axe with my hand" A characteristic of the sotadean metre is its variability. Sometimes the trochaic rhythm (– u – u) is found in the first metron or the second; sometimes the ionic rhythm (– – u u) continues through the whole line. Usually each metron has exactly 6 morae, but there is also a less strict type of sotadean found in some writers in which a metron may have 7 morae, such as – u – –, – – – u, or – – u –. There is also frequent resolution (substitution of two shorts for a long syllable). The sotadean was used both in Greek and in Lati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Prosody
Prosody (from Middle French , from Latin , from Ancient Greek (), 'song sung to music', 'pronunciation of syllable') is the theory and practice of versification. Prosody Greek poetry is based on syllable length, not on syllable stress, as in English. The two syllable lengths in Greek poetry are long and short. It is probable that in the natural spoken language there were also syllables of intermediate length, as in the first syllable of words such as τέκνα /''tékna''/ 'children', where a short vowel is followed by a plosive + liquid combination; but for poetic purposes such syllables were treated as either long or short. Thus in the opening speech of the play ''Oedipus Tyrannus'', Sophocles treats the first syllable of τέκνα /''tékna''/ as long in line 1, but as short in line 6. Different kinds of poetry use different patterns of long and short syllables, known as meters (UK: metres). For example, the epic poems of Homer were composed using the pattern , – u u , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choliambic
Choliambic verse (), also known as limping iambs or scazons or halting iambic,. is a form of meter in poetry. It is found in both Greek and Latin poetry in the classical period. Choliambic verse is sometimes called ''scazon'', or "lame iambic", because it brings the reader down on the wrong "foot" by reversing the stresses of the last few beats. It was originally pioneered by the Greek lyric poet Hipponax, who wrote "lame trochaics" as well as "lame iambics". The basic structure is much like iambic trimeter, except that the last cretic is made heavy by the insertion of a longum instead of a breve. Also, the third anceps of the iambic trimeter line must be short in limping iambs. In other words, the line scans as follows (where — is a long syllable, ⏑ is a short syllable, and × is an anceps): :× — ⏑ — , × — ⏑ — , ⏑ — — — As in all classical verse forms, the phenomenon of brevis in longo is observed, so the last syllable can actually be short or lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
