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List Of Chinese Mathematicians
This is a list of Chinese mathematicians. With a history spanning over three millennia, Chinese mathematics is believed to have initially developed largely independently of other cultures. Classical * Jing Fang: 78 – 37 BC * Liu Xin: c. 50 BC – 23 AD *Zhang Heng: 78 – 139 AD * Liu Hong: 129 – 210 AD * Cai Yong: 132 – 192 AD *Liu Hui: 225 – 295 AD * Wang Fan: 228 – 266 AD *Sun Tzu: c. 3rd – 5th century AD * Zu Chongzhi: 429 – 500 AD * Zu Gengzhi: c. 450 – c. 520 AD Middle Imperial * Zhen Luan: 535–566 * Wang Xiaotong: 580–640 * Li Chunfeng: 602–670 *Yi Xing: 683–727 * Wei Pu: 11th century * Jia Xian: 1010–1070 * Su Song: 1020–1101 *Shen Kuo: 1031–1095 * Li Zhi: 1192–1279 *Qin Jiushao: c. 1202–1261 * Guo Shoujing: 1231–1316 * Yang Hui: c. 1238–1298 * Zhu Shijie: 1249–1314 Late Imperial 16th century * Cheng Dawei: 1533–1606 * Zhu Zaiyu: 1536–1611 17th century * Xu Guangqi: 1562–1633 * Minggatu: 1692–1763 18th century * L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Mathematics
Mathematics emerged independently in China by the 11th century BCE. The Chinese independently developed a real number system that includes significantly large and negative numbers, more than one numeral system (base 2, binary and base 10, decimal), algebra, geometry, number theory and trigonometry. Since the Han dynasty, as diophantine approximation being a prominent numerical method, the Chinese made substantial progress on polynomial evaluation. Algorithms like regula falsi and expressions like simple continued fractions are widely used and have been well-documented ever since. They deliberately find the principal nth root, ''n''th root of positive numbers and the zero of a function, roots of equations. The major texts from the period, ''The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art'' and the ''Book on Numbers and Computation'' gave detailed processes for solving various mathematical problems in daily life. All procedures were computed using a counting board in both texts, and they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Su Song
Su Song (, 1020–1101), courtesy name Zirong (), was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Song dynasty (960–1279). He exceled in numerous fields including but not limited to mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, hydraulic engineering, poetry, and statesmanship. Su Song was the engineer for a hydro-mechanical astronomical clock tower located in Kaifeng. It employed an early escapement mechanism.Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 445.Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 448.Bodde, 140.Fry, 10. The escapement mechanism of Su's clock tower was invented by the Tang dynasty Buddhist monk Yi Xing and government official Liang Lingzan in 725 AD to operate a water-powered armillary sphere, however Su's armillary sphere was the first to utilize a mechanical clock drive.Needham, Volume 3, 351. Su's clock tower also featured the oldest known endless power-transmitting chain drive, called the ''tian ti'' (), or "celestial la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiong Qinglai
Xiong Qinglai, or Hiong King-Lai (, October 20, 1893 – February 3, 1969), courtesy name Dizhi (), was a Chinese mathematician from Yunnan. He was the first person to introduce modern mathematics into China, and served as an influential president of Yunnan University from 1937 through 1947. A Chinese stamp was issued in his honour. Biography Xiong was born in Xizhai village (nowadays named Qinglai village to honour him) of Mile County, Yunnan province. He was the son of Xiong Guodong (熊国栋), a government official in Zhaozhou. In 1907, Xiong accompanied his father to Kunming and enrolled in the Yunnan Higher School for preparatory studies. After two years, he began studying English and French. In 1911, he entered the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Higher Learning. At the age of sixteen, Xiong Qinglai followed his parents' instructions and married Jiang Juyuan (b. 1893). The couple had 5 children. In 1913, Xiong was successfully selected and funded by Yunnan provincia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Shanlan
Li Shanlan (李善蘭, courtesy name: Renshu 壬叔, art name: Qiuren 秋紉) (1810 – 1882) was a Chinese mathematician of the Qing Dynasty. A native of Haining, Zhejiang, he was fascinated by mathematics since childhood, beginning with the '' Nine Chapters on Mathematical Art''. He eked out a living by being a private tutor for some years before fleeing to Shanghai in 1852 to evade the Taiping Rebellion. There he collaborated with Alexander Wylie, Joseph Edkins, and others to translate many Western mathematical works into Chinese, including ''Elements of Analytical Geometry and the Differential and Integral Calculus'' by Elias Loomis, Augustus De Morgan's ''Elements of Algebra'', and the last nine volumes of ''Euclid's Elements'' (from Henry Billingsley's edition), the first six volumes of which having been rendered into Chinese by Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi in 1607. With Wylie, he also translated ''Outlines of Astronomy'' by John Herschel and coined the Chinese names for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Rui (mathematician)
Li Rui (; 8 December 1768 in Suzhou – 30 June 1817 in Suzhou) was a Chinese mathematician. Li discovered independently an equivalent version of what is known today as Descartes' rule of signs In mathematics, Descartes' rule of signs, described by René Descartes in his ''La Géométrie'', counts the roots of a polynomial by examining sign changes in its coefficients. The number of positive real roots is at most the number of sign chang .... References *Joseph Warren Dauben and Christoph J. Scriba, eds., ''Writing the history of mathematics: its historical development'', Birkhäuser, 2002, p. 303. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Li, Rui 1768 births 1817 deaths Mathematicians from Jiangsu 18th-century Chinese mathematicians 19th-century Chinese mathematicians Historians of mathematics Scientists from Suzhou Qing dynasty people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minggatu
Minggatu (Mongolian script: ; , c.1692-c. 1763), full name Sharavyn Myangat (), also known as Ming Antu, was a Mongols, Mongolian astronomer, mathematician, and topography, topographic scientist at the Qing Empire, Qing court. His courtesy name was Jing An (静安). Minggatu was born in Plain White Banner (now Plain and Bordered White Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia) of the Qing Empire. He was of the Sharaid clan. His name first appeared in official Chinese records in 1713, among the Kangxi Emperor's retinue, as a ''shengyuan'' (state-subsidized student) of the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. He worked there at a time when Jesuit missionaries were in charge of calendar reforms. He also participated in the work of compiling and editing three very important books in astronomy and joined the team of China's area measurement. From 1724 up to 1759, he worked at the Imperial Observatory. He participated in drafting and editing the calendar and the study of the armillary spher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi or Hsü Kuang-ch'i (April 24, 1562– November 8, 1633), also known by his baptismal name Paul or Paul Siu, was a Chinese agronomist, astronomer, mathematician, scholar-bureaucrat, politician, and writer during the late Ming dynasty. Xu was appointed by the Chinese Emperor in 1629 to be the leader of the Chongzhen calendar, Shixian calendar reform, which he embarked on with the assistance of Jesuits. Xu was a colleague and collaborator of the Italian Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis and assisted their translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese, including part of Euclid's ''Euclid's Elements, Elements''. He was also the author of the ''Nong Zheng Quan Shu'', a treatise on agriculture. He is one of the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism". The Roman Catholic Church considers him a Servant of God, one of the stages towards formal sainthood. On April 15, 2011, Holy See, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi announced the start of a beatification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Zaiyu
Zhu Zaiyu (; 1536 – 19 May 1611) was a Chinese scholar, mathematician and music theorist. He was a prince of the Chinese Ming dynasty. In 1584, Zhu innovatively described the equal temperament via accurate mathematical calculation. 無射 1.122462048309372981433533 = \sqrt 2/math> 南呂 1.189207115002721066717500 = \sqrt 2/math> 夷則 1.259921049894873164767211 = \sqrt 2/math> 林鍾 1.334839854170034364830832 = \sqrt 2/math> 蕤賓 1.414213562373095048801689 = \sqrt 2/math> 仲呂 1.498307076876681498799281 = \sqrt 2/math> 姑洗 1.587401051968199474751706 = \sqrt 2/math> 夾鍾 1.681792830507429086062251 = \sqrt 2/math> 太蔟 1.781797436280678609480452 = \sqrt 2/math> 大呂 1.887748625363386993283826 = \sqrt 2/math> 黃鐘 2.000000000000000000000000 = \sqrt 2/math> --> Biography Zhu was born in Qinyang, Henan Province to an aristocratic family, the sixth-generation descendant of the Hongxi Emperor, the fourth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheng Dawei
Cheng Dawei (程大位, 1533–1606), also known as Da Wei Cheng or Ch'eng Ta-wei, was a Chinese mathematician and writer who was known mainly as the author of '' Suanfa Tongzong (算法統宗)'' (''General Source of Computational Methods''). He has been described as "the most illustrious Chinese arithmetician." Almost all that is known about his life is contained in a passage written in the Preface of the book by one of his descendants when the book was being reprinted: :In his youth my ancestor Cheng Da Wei was academically gifted, but although he was well versed in scholarly matters, he continued to carry out his profession as a sincere Local Agent, without becoming a scholar. He never lagged behind either on the classics or on ancient writings with old style characters, but was particularly gifted in arithmetic. In the prime of his life he visited the fairs of Wu and Chu. When he came across books that talked about "square fields" or "grain with the husk removed" ... he never ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie (, 1249–1314), courtesy name Hanqing (), pseudonym Songting (), was a Chinese mathematician and writer during the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Two of his mathematical works have survived: ''Introduction to Computational Studies'' ( ''Suan-hsüeh Ch'i-mong'') and ''Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'' ( ''Ssŭ-yüan Yü-chien''). ''Suanxue Qimeng'' The ''Suanxue Qimeng'' (), written in 1299, is an elementary textbook on mathematics in three volumes, 20 chapters and 259 problems. This book also showed how to measure two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. The ''Introduction'' strongly influenced the development of Japanese mathematics, mathematics in Japan. The book was once lost in China until the Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed edition and republished it in Yangzhou. ''Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'' Zhu's second book, ''Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'' (1303) was his most important work, advan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Hui
Yang Hui (, ca. 1238–1298), courtesy name Qianguang (), was a Chinese mathematician and writer during the Song dynasty. Originally, from Qiantang (modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Yang worked on magic squares, magic circles and the binomial theorem, and is best known for his contribution of presenting Yang Hui's triangle. This triangle was the same as Pascal's triangle, discovered by Yang's predecessor Jia Xian. Yang was also a contemporary of Qin Jiushao, another well-known Chinese mathematician. Written work The earliest extant Chinese illustration of 'Pascal's triangle' is from Yang's book ''Xiángjiě Jiǔzhāng Suànfǎ '' () of 1261 AD, in which Yang acknowledged that his method of finding square roots and cubic roots using "Yang Hui's triangle" was invented by mathematician Jia XianNeedham, Volume 3, 134-137. who expounded it around 1100 AD, about 500 years before Pascal. His book (now lost), known as ''Rújī Shìsuǒ'' () or ''Piling-up Powers and Unlocking Coeffici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guo Shoujing
Guo Shoujing (, 1231–1316), courtesy name Ruosi (), was a Chinese astronomer, hydraulic engineer, mathematician, and politician of the Yuan dynasty. The later Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591–1666) was so impressed with the preserved astronomical instruments of Guo that he called him "the Tycho Brahe of China." Jamal ad-Din cooperated with him. Early life In 1231, in Xingtai, Hebei province, China, Guo Shoujing was born into a poor family.O'Connor. He was raised primarily by his paternal grandfather, Guo Yong, who was famous throughout China for his expertise in a wide variety of topics, ranging from the study of the Five Classics to astronomy, mathematics, and hydraulics. Guo Shoujing was a child prodigy, showing exceptional intellectual promise. By his teens, he obtained a blueprint for a water clock which his grandfather was working on, and realized its principles of operation. He improved the design of a type of water clock called a lotus clepsydra, a water clock wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
