|
Las Horizontales
Las Horizontales were a group of sex workers in Havana, Cuba during the late 19th century that produced a newspaper, ''La Cebolla'' (1888). Gender studies scholar and Cuba expert, Amalia Cabezas identified this as the first documented sex worker organization in the Americas. Emergence Las Horizontales emerged in response to new legislation that both taxed and required sex workers to submit to gynecological exams. In their newspaper ''La Cebolla'', they make reference to the fact that they were not eligible to vote and yet were still required to pay taxes. They complain about police extortion, being sent to the city's outskirts, and the government not recognizing their rights as women and workers who paid taxes. ''La Cebolla'' The women who wrote issues of ''La Cebolla'' used pseudonyms, like La Madrileña, and La Isleña. Therefore some scholars have expressed doubts about the identity of the actual authors of ''La Cebolla'' articles. Based on her archival research, Beatriz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Worker
A sex worker is a person who provides sex work, either on a regular or occasional basis. The term is used in reference to those who work in all areas of the sex industry.Oxford English Dictionary, "sex worker" According to one view, sex work is voluntary "and is seen as the commercial exchange of sex for money or goods". Thus it differs from sexual exploitation, or the forcing of a person to commit sexual acts. Terminology The term "sex worker" was coined in 1978 by sex worker activist Carol Leigh. Its use became popularized after publication of the anthology, ''Sex Work: Writings By Women In The Sex Industry'' in 1987, edited by Frédérique Delacoste and Priscilla Alexander. The term "sex worker" has since spread into much wider use, including in academic publications, by NGOs and labor unions, and by governmental and intergovernmental agencies, such as the World Health Organization. The term is listed in the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster's Dictionary. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Havana
Havana (; ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.Cuba ''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. It is the most populous city, the largest by area, and the List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies, second largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. The population in 2012 was 2,106,146 inhabitants, and its area is for the capital city side and 8,475.57 km2 for the metropolitan zone. Its official population was 1,814,207 inhabitants in 2023. Havana was founded by the Spanish Empire, Spanish in the 16th century. It served as a springboard for the Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish conquest of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital. Cuba is the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti and the Dominican Republic, with about 10 million inhabitants. It is the largest country in the Caribbean by area. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taino, Taíno peoples inhabiting the area at the time of Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelvic Examination
A pelvic examination is the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. It is frequently used in gynecology for the evaluation of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract, such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence, or trauma (e.g. sexual assault). It can also be used to assess a woman's anatomy in preparation for procedures. The exam can be done awake in the clinic and emergency department, or under anesthesia in the operating room. The most commonly performed components of the exam are 1) the external exam, to evaluate the vulva 2) the internal exam with palpation (commonly called the ''bimanual exam'') to examine the uterus, ovaries, and structures adjacent to the uterus (adnexae) and 3) the internal exam using a speculum to visualize the vaginal walls and cervix. During the pelvic exam, sample of cells and fluids may be collected to screen for sexually transmitted infections or cancer (the Pap test). Some clinici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Misconduct
Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, false confession, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, search and seizure, unwarranted searches, and search and seizure, unwarranted seizure of property. Types of police misconduct Types of police misconduct include: * Bribing or Police union, lobbying legislators to pass or maintain laws that give police excessive power or status * Similarly, bribing or lobbying city council members to pass or maintain municipal laws that make victimless crime, victimless acts ticket-able (e.g. bicycling on the sidewalk), so as to get more money * Selective enforcement ("throwing the book at" people who one dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Official Newspaper Of La Cebolla
An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless of whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of their superior or employer, public or legally private). An elected official is a person who is an official by virtue of an election. Officials may also be appointed ''ex officio'' (by virtue of another office, often in a specified capacity, such as presiding, advisory, secretary). Some official positions may be inherited. A person who currently holds an office is referred to as an incumbent. Something "official" refers to something endowed with governmental or other authoritative recognition or mandate, as in official language, official gazette, or official scorer. Etymology The word ''official'' as a noun has been recorded since the Middle English period, first seen in 1314. It comes from the Old French ' (12th century), from the Latin">-4; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonialism
Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism can also take the form of settler colonialism, whereby settlers from one or multiple colonizing metropoles occupy a territory with the intention of partially or completely supplanting the existing population. Colonialism developed as a concept describing European colonial empires of the modern era, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of Earth's land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of World War I. European colonialism employed mercantilism and Chartered company, chartered companies, and established Coloniality of power, coloniality, which keeps the colonized socio-economically Other (philosophy), othered and Subaltern (postcolonialism), subaltern through modern biopolitics of Heterono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police Brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or Public order policing, a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, Racism, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of Electroshock weapon, tasers. History The first modern police force is widely regarded to be the Metropolitan Police Service in London, established in 1829. However, some scholars argue that early forms of policing began in the Americas as early as the 1500s on plantation colonies in the Caribbean. These slave patrols quickly spread across other regions and contributed to the development of the earliest examples of modern police forces. Early records suggest that labor strikes were the first large-scale incidents of police brutality in the United States, including events like the Great Railroad Strike ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prostitution In Cuba
Prostitution in Cuba is not officially illegal; however, there is legislation against pimps, sexual exploitation of minors, and pornography. Sex tourism has existed in the country, both before and after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. Many Cubans do not consider the practice immoral. In Cuban slang, female prostitutes are called ''jineteras'', and gay male prostitutes are called ''jineteros'' or ''pingueros''. The terms literally mean "jockey" or "rider", and colloquially "sexual jockey", and connote sexual control during intercourse. The terms also have the broader meaning of "hustler", and are related to '' jineterismo'', a range of illegal or semi-legal economic activities related to tourism in Cuba. Stereotypically a ''jinetera'' is represented as a working-class Afro-Cuban woman. Black and mixed-race prostitutes are generally preferred by foreign tourists seeking to buy sex on the island. UNAIDS estimates there are 89,000 prostitutes in the country. Sex trafficking is a problem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Worker Movements
Sex worker movements address issues of labor rights, gender-related violence, social stigma, Migration studies, migration, access to health care, Sex workers' rights, criminalization, and Police brutality, police violence and have evolved to address local conditions and historical challenges. Although accounts of sex work dates back to History of prostitution, antiquity, movements organized to defend sex workers' rights are understood as a more recent phenomenon. While contemporary sex worker rights movements are generally associated with the feminist movement of the 1970s and 1980s in Europe and North America, the first recorded sex worker organization, Las Horizontales began in 1888 in Havana, Havana, Cuba. An important moment in that movement was the shift from using the term prostitution to using the term sex work to emphasize their role as workers. The term, coined by Carol Leigh and Margo St. James, played an influential role in the sex worker movement in the U.S. and abroa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Worker Organizations
This is a list of sex worker organizations which advocate for sex workers' rights. Almost all sex worker organizations around the world favour the decriminalization of sex work, and have that goal as a primary objective. These organizations also encourage active involvement from sex workers to support advocacy, fundraising, and public education efforts. In locations where sex work is not criminalized, sex worker movements advocate for access to other kinds of rights such as unemployment, changes in zoning, and working to eliminate the social stigma attached to sexual labor. International Supportive These international organizations are not primarily led by sex workers, nor do their activities primarily concern sex work, but nonetheless, they have dedicated a significant portion of their efforts to advocating for sex workers' rights, including decriminalization. Literature describes such supportive organizations as "allies". Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Fas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Industry In Cuba
Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes. During sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote, which develops into an offspring that inherits traits from each parent. By convention, organisms that produce smaller, more mobile gametes (spermatozoa, sperm) are called ''male'', while organisms that produce larger, non-mobile gametes (ova, often called egg cells) are called ''female''. An organism that produces both types of gamete is hermaphrodite. In non-hermaphroditic species, the sex of an individual is determined through one of several biological sex-determination systems. Most mammalian species have the XY sex-determination system, where the male usually carries an X and a Y chromosome (XY), and the female usually carries two X chromosomes (XX). Other chromosomal sex-determination systems in animals include the ZW system in birds, and the XO system in some insects. Va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
