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Landai Sin River
The Landai Sin River ( ps, لنډی سين ''Lanḍai Sīn'', "Short River"), also called the Bashgal River (), is located in eastern Afghanistan. It rises in the Hindu Kush range near the Mandol Pass in the Nuristan Province of Afghanistan, and is fed from glaciers and snow to its north. The Landai Sin Valley is inhabited by the Kata, Mumo (''Madugal''), Kashtan, and Kom tribes of the Nuristani people. Eastern Kata-vari is the main spoken language in the Landai Sin Valley. The main town on the river is Kamdesh. See also * List of rivers of Afghanistan This is a list of rivers wholly or partly in Afghanistan, arranged geographically by river basin. Flowing into the Arabian Sea *''Indus River (Pakistan)'' **Gomal River *** Kundar River *** Zhob River ** Kurram River ** Kabul River *** B ... References External links Rivers of Afghanistan Indus basin Landforms of Nuristan Province Border rivers {{Nuristan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. , its population is 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 32.9 million), composed mostly of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Kabul is the country's largest city and serves as its capital. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era, and the country's Geostrategy, strategic location along the historic Silk Road has led it to being described, pict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashgal Valley
The Landai Sin Valley, or the Bashgal Valley, is a geographical feature of Nuristan Province, eastern Afghanistan, formed by the Landai Sin River which empties into the Kunar River (also called the Chitral River) at Barikot, Kamdesh District in Nuristan, Afghanistan. The largest town in the valley is Kamdesh. The lower Bashgal Valley is inhabited by the Kom people. History During the period of British influence in the 19th century, the Landai Sin Valley was considered part of Chitral State. In the 1980s, Salafist cleric Mawlawi Afzal founded the Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan The Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan ( fa, دولت انقلابی اسلامی افغانستان) was a small Salafist Islamic state located in the north of Bashgal Valley, Nuristan Province. It was founded by Mawlawi Afzal during the ... in Landai Sin, which established consulates in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.*Robert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. ''The Taliban and the crisis of Afghanista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indus Basin
The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east (both parts of China), by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, by Pakistan to the west, and by Afghanistan to the northwest. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, ... The southern and southeastern portions constitute the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions are divided by a "line of control" agreed to in 1972, although neither country recognizes it as an international boundary. In addition, China becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of Afghanistan
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. Rivers are part of the water cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rivers Of Afghanistan
This is a list of rivers wholly or partly in Afghanistan, arranged geographically by river basin. Flowing into the Arabian Sea *''Indus River (Pakistan)'' **Gomal River *** Kundar River *** Zhob River ** Kurram River ** Kabul River *** Bara River ***Kunar River ****Pech River **** Landai Sin River *** Surkhab *** Alingar River *** Panjshir River **** Ghorband River ***** Salang River *** Logar River Flowing into endorheic basins Sistan Basin * Harut River (or Ardaskan River) * Farah River *Helmand River ** Khash River **Arghandab River ***Dori River ****Tarnak River **** Arghistan River ***** Lora River ** Musa Qala River ** Tirin River **Kaj River Ab-i Istada * Ghazni RiverSome sources indicate that the Ab-e Istadeh lake has a seasonal outlet to the Lora River, a tributary of the Arghistan River in the Helmand basin. SeIntegrated Water Resources Management for the Sistan Closed Inland Deltapages 7-8 ** Jilga River Karakum Desert * Harirud **Jam River *Murgha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamdesh
Kāmdēsh ( ps, کامدېش, fa, کامدیش), or Kamdeish, is a town in the Landai Sin Valley, and the center of the Kamdesh District in Nuristan Province, Afghanistan. It is located at the general area of Yurmir () which is beside the meeting place of two rivers, with one coming from Barg-i Matal, and the second flowing from Nechangal mountains. Kamdesh is a village within the Landai Sin Valley. It stands as the cultural and administrative hub of the Kamdesh District and all of Eastern Nuristan. Kamdesh literally means "Place of the Kom", as it is the unofficial Capital for the Kom tribe. Within Kamdesh today a visitor can identify each of the original clans identified by Sir George Scott Robertson in the 1890s when he visited the area outlined in his book " The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush." Other than the Nuristanis, there is also other ethnic communities living in Kamdesh such as the Gujars. On October 3, 2009, during the War in Afghanistan, the Battle of Kamdesh took pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kata-vari Dialect
Kata-vari is a dialect of the Kamkata-vari language spoken by the Kata in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The most used alternative names are ''Kati'', ''Kativiri'' or ''Bashgali''. It is spoken by approximately 40,000 people (mostly in Afghanistan, just over 3,700 in Pakistan), and its speakers are Muslim. Literacy rates are low: below 1% for people who have it as a first language, and between 15% to 25% for people who have it as a second language. There are two main sub-dialects: Eastern Kata-vari and Western Kata-vari. In Afghanistan, Western Kata-vari is spoken in the Ramgal, Kulam, Ktivi and Paruk valleys of Nuristan. Eastern Kata-vari is spoken in the upper Landai Sin Valley. In Pakistan, Eastern Kata-vari or Shekhani is spoken in Chitral District Chitral District ( ur, ) was the largest district in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, covering an area of 14,850 km², before splitting into Upper Chitral District and Lower Chitral District in 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuristani People
The Nuristanis, formerly known as Kafiristanis, are an ethnic group native to the Nuristan Province of northeastern Afghanistan and Chitral District of northwestern Pakistan. Their languages comprise the Nuristani branch of Indo-Iranian languages. The Nuristanis reside mainly in the northeast of Afghanistan and northwest of Pakistan; between the Pashtun tribes of Kunar, Kalash in Pakistan's Chitral, and Tajiks of Badakhshan in the north. In the mid-1890s, after the establishment of the Durand Line when Afghanistan reached an agreement on various frontier areas to the British Empire for period of time, Emir Abdur Rahman Khan conducted a military campaign in Kafiristan and followed up his conquest with forced conversion of the Kafirs to Islam; the region thenceforth being known as ''Nuristan'', the "Land of Light". Before their conversion, the Nuristanis practiced a form of ancient Hinduism. Non-Muslim religious practices endure in Nuristan today to some degree as folk cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kom People (Afghanistan)
The Kom or Kam are a Nuristani people, Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Most used alternative names are Kamozi, Kamoz/Camoze, Caumojee/Kaumoji, and Camoje. History Until the late 19th century, the Kom were a sub-group of the Siah-Posh Kafirs ("black-robed unbelievers") and their political (factional) headquarters was at Kombrom. They gave allegiance to the Mehtar (title), Mehtar (crown prince) of Chitral (princely state), Chitral. At that time, following their conquest by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, the Kom converted to Islam. Kafiristan ("Land of Unbelievers") was renamed Nuristan ("Land of Light") and its inhabitants became collectively known as Nuristani people, Nuristanis (sometimes loosely translated as "enlightened ones"). By the end of the 19th century, the Kom were concentrated in the lower part of the Bashgul Valley and came to control it. Hence the valley became also known as Kam,George Scott Robertson, Kamdesh District, Kamdesh in the Khowar language, and as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mumo
The Mumo (also known as Muman, previously also called Madugal kaffirs) are a Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan living primarily in the Bashgal Valley, centered in the village of Bagalgrom.''My heartrendingly tragic story''. By Muhammad Abdullah Khan Azar, Muhammad Abdullah Khan, Alberto M. Cacopardo, Ruth Laila Schmidt, Georg Morgenstierne, Knut Kristiansen Translated by Georg Morgenstierne, Knut Kristiansen. Novus, 2006. , . Pg 3/ref> Their language is Mumviri, a dialect of the Kamkata-vari language. References {{reflist Nuristani people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kata People
The Katir (also spelled Kati, Kator and Kata) are a Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Etymology The Katir a 'tɘor Kata Kafir group was ''numerically'' the most dominant group of the Siah-Posh (Persian "Black Wearer/Clothed") tribes. They owned approximately forty villages in the Bashgul valley and numbered about 40,000 (1890). The upper part of the Bashgul Valley of Nuristan (Afghanistan) is known as Katirgul. It is called Lutdeh in Chitrali and ''Kantozi'' in Pashto. According to George Scott Robertson, the Katir ''Siah-Posh'' clan settled in Katirgul valley was called Kamtoz (or ''Camtoz'') in Pashto and Lutdehhchis in Chitrali ('' The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, p 71''). But American investigator ''Richard Strand's'' website suggests that the name ''Kamtoz/Kamtozi'' may apply to all Katirs of the former ''Siah-Posh'' group, including the Ramguli and Kulam Katirs' Alternative names for Kamtoz are ''Camtozi'', ''Kantozi''. Despite their fiercely independent n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snow
Snow comprises individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere An atmosphere () is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. ...—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water throughout its life cycle, starting when, under suitable conditions, the ice crystals form in the atmosphere, increase to millimeter size, precipitate and accumulate on surfaces, then metamorphose in place, and ultimately melt, slide or Sublimation (phase transition), sublimate away. Snowstorms organize and develop by feeding on sources of atmospheric moisture and cold air. Snowflakes Nucleation, nucleate around particles in the atmosphere by attracting supercooling, supercooled water droplets, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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