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Kyōka Hyaku Monogatari
The Kyōka Hyaku Monogatari (狂歌百物語) is a ''kyōka'' ''e-hon'' published in 1853 (Kaei 6). As a kyōka-themed book on ''yōkai'', and garnished with illustrations, it was edited by Rōjin Tenmei, and the illustrations were by Ryūkansai (Masasumi Ryūkansaijin). Summary The ''kyōka'' was extremely prosperous during the Tenmei era (1781–1789), and many ''kyōka'' ''e-hon'' garnished with colored illustrations were published. ''Yōkai'' were enjoyed as the subject of ''kyōka.'' The poet Ōta Nanpo imitated the techniques of ''Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai was a popular didactic Buddhist-inspired parlour game during the Edo period in Japan. Play The game was played as night fell upon the region using three separate rooms. In preparation, participants would light 100 andon in the third room and p ...'', where an event was held where he recited a ''kyōka'' that included around 100 kinds of ''yōkai''; with the intent of doing it again, he collected together the ''kyōka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyōka
''Kyōka'' (, "wild" or "mad poetry") is a popular, parodic subgenre of the tanka form of Japanese poetry with a metre of 5-7-5-7-7. The form flourished during the Edo period (17th–18th centuries) and reached its zenith during the Tenmei era (1781–89). Background In much the way poets in the '' kanshi'' style (Chinese poetry by Japanese poets) wrote humorous '' kyōshi'' poems, poets in the native Japanese ''waka'' style composed humorous poems in the 31-syllable style. Tanaka Rokuo suggests the style may have drawn inspiration from ''gishōka'' (, "playful and mocking verse"), poetry that targeted guests at banquets where they were read out in an atmosphere similar to that of a roast. During the Edo period (17th–19th centuries) there were two major branches of ''kyōka''; one based in Edo (modern Tokyo), and ''Naniwa kyōka'' in the Kansai region. ''Naniwa kyōka'' arose in Kyoto in the 16th century, at first practised by aristocrats such as Matsunaga Teitoku (1571– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-hon
is the Japanese term for picture books. It may be applied in the general sense, or may refer specifically to a type of woodblock printed illustrated volume published in the Edo period (1603–1867). The first were religious items with images by Buddhist painters. Those from the Muromachi period are typically known as . In the early modern period (1600–1868) illustrated books exploded in popularity. They covered a diverse range of subjects with experimentation in production techniques. production was a significant part of the Japanese publishing industry (particularly) during the 19th century; most Japanese woodblock print artists of the period produced designs (often in large quantities), as commercial work. Toward the end of the 19th century, chapter-books were eclipsed in popularity by the new "Western" concept of literary magazines. These were larger books which contained more, and a wider range of material per-issue, but usually fewer pictures (measured on a text-to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaei
was a after '' Kōka'' and before ''Ansei''. This period spanned the years from February 1848 through November 1854. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * February 28, 1848 : The era name of ''Kaei'' (meaning "eternal felicity")Satow, Ernest Mason. (1905) ''Japan 1853-1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari'', p. 11./ref> was created to mark the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Kōmei. The era name is derived from an aphorism in the ''Book of Song'': "A wise Emperor receives much help, One who esteems comfort is on the outside" (). Events of the ''Kaei'' Era * July 1848 (''Kaei 1''): Ranald MacDonald, (b. 1824, Astoria, Oregon) left the whaler ''Plymouth'' in a small boat and landed on Rishiri Island. He was arrested and sent from Rishiri to Nagasaki where he was incarcerated; MacDonald began teaching English to 14 scholars, including Einosuke Moriyama, who later became an interpreter for the Japanese government when Matthew C. Perry entered Japan in 1854 (thus, in Jap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yōkai
are a class of supernatural entities and spirits in Japanese folklore. The word is composed of the kanji for "attractive; calamity" and "apparition; mystery; suspicious." are also referred to as , or . Despite often being translated as such, are not literally demons in the Western sense of the word, but are instead spirits and entities. Their behavior can range from malevolent or mischievous to benevolent to humans. often have animal features (such as the , depicted as appearing similar to a turtle, and the , commonly depicted with wings), but may also appear humanoid in appearance, such as the . Some resemble inanimate objects (such as the ), while others have no discernible shape. are typically described as having spiritual or supernatural abilities, with shapeshifting being the most common trait associated with them. that shapeshift are known as or . Japanese folklorists and historians explain as personifications of "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenmei
is a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', literally "years name") for the years between the An'ei Era and before the Kansei Era, from April 1781 through January 1789. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1781 : The new era name of Tenmei (meaning "dawn") was created to mark the enthronement of Emperor Kōkaku. The previous era ended and the new one commenced on the second day of the fourth month in what had been An'ei 11. As is customary for choosing nengō, the name was selected from a passage in a historical Chinese text. In this case, the text was ''Classic of History'' (書経) (also quoted in '' The Great Learning'' (大學)), more specifically from the first of the King Tai Jia (大甲) chapters. It says: "先王顧諟天之明命..." meaning "The former king kept his eye continually on the bright requirements of Heaven, nd..." This is continued with a description of reverence, virtue, and prosperity for the lands. From this, the two characters 天 and 明 were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōta Nanpo
was the most oft-used penname of Ōta Tan, a late Edo-period Japanese poet and fiction writer. Ōta Nanpo wrote primarily in the comedic forms of '' kyōshi'', derived from comic Chinese verse, and '' kyōka'', derived from '' waka'' poetry. Ōta Nanpo's pennames also include Yomo no Akara (), Yomo Sanjin, Kyōkaen, and Shokusanjin (). Born into a lower-status samurai family in Edo, Nanpo served the shogunate in various ways throughout his life. He began his literary career as a student of Chinese Ming-dynasty writings, and adapted traditional Chinese comic verse (called ''kyōshi'' in Japanese), under the mentorship of playwright Hiraga Gennai, to daily life in Edo. His first collection of work was called ''Neboke sensei bunshū'', or the Literary Works of Master Groggy. Nanpo soon began to write ''kyōka'', comic ''waka'' verses, as well. His popularity grew in the 1760s and 1770s, as a result of his down-to-earth subject matter and unabashed style. During this time he also wro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyakumonogatari Kaidankai
was a popular didactic Buddhist-inspired parlour game during the Edo period in Japan. Play The game was played as night fell upon the region using three separate rooms. In preparation, participants would light 100 andon in the third room and position a single mirror on the surface of a small table. When the sky was at its darkest, guests gathered in the first of the three rooms, taking turns orating tales of ghoulish encounters and reciting folkloric tales passed on by villagers who claimed to have experienced supernatural encounters. These tales soon became known as kaidan. Upon the end of each kaidan, the story-teller would enter the third room and extinguish one andon, look in the mirror and make their way back to the first room. With each passing tale, the room slowly grew darker and darker as the participants reached the one hundredth tale, creating a safe haven for the evocation of spirits. However, as the game reached the ninety-ninth tale, many participants would stop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koizumi Yakumo
, born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (; el, Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χέρν, Patríkios Lefkádios Chérn, Irish: Pádraig Lafcadio O'hEarain), was an Irish-Greek-Japanese writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West. His writings offered unprecedented insight into Japanese culture, especially his collections of legends and ghost stories, such as '' Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things''. Before moving to Japan and becoming a Japanese citizen, he worked as a journalist in the United States, primarily in Cincinnati and New Orleans. His writings about New Orleans, based on his decade-long stay there, are also well-known. Hearn was born on the Greek island of Lefkada, after which a complex series of conflicts and events led to his being moved to Dublin, where he was abandoned first by his mother, then his father, and finally by his father's aunt (who had been appointed his official guardian). At the age of 19, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Mythology
Japanese mythology is a collection of traditional stories, folktales, and beliefs that emerged in the islands of the Japanese archipelago. Shinto and Buddhist traditions are the cornerstones of Japanese mythology. The history of thousands of years of contact with Korea, Ainu, and Okinawan myths are also key influences in Japanese mythology. Japanese myths are tied to the topography of the archipelago as well as agriculturally-based folk religion, and the Shinto pantheon holds countless '' kami'' ( Japanese for " god(s)" or "spirits"). This article will discuss cosmogony, important deities, modern interpretations, cultural significance, and the influence of these myths. Two important sources for Japanese myths as they are recognized today are the '' Kojiki'' and the '' Nihon Shoki''. The ''Kojiki'', or "Record of Ancient Matters," is the oldest surviving account of Japan's myths, legends, and history. Additionally, the ''Shintōshū'' describes the origins of Japanese de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yōkai
are a class of supernatural entities and spirits in Japanese folklore. The word is composed of the kanji for "attractive; calamity" and "apparition; mystery; suspicious." are also referred to as , or . Despite often being translated as such, are not literally demons in the Western sense of the word, but are instead spirits and entities. Their behavior can range from malevolent or mischievous to benevolent to humans. often have animal features (such as the , depicted as appearing similar to a turtle, and the , commonly depicted with wings), but may also appear humanoid in appearance, such as the . Some resemble inanimate objects (such as the ), while others have no discernible shape. are typically described as having spiritual or supernatural abilities, with shapeshifting being the most common trait associated with them. that shapeshift are known as or . Japanese folklorists and historians explain as personifications of "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
