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Khải Định Thông Bảo
The Khải Định Thông Bảo (Hán tự: 啓定通寳) was a Vietnamese cash, French Indochinese sapèque coin produced from 1921 until 1933, the design of the coin was round with a square hole that was used for String of cash coins (currency unit), stringing them together. Khải Định became List of monarchs of Vietnam, King of Annam in 1916 the funding for the production of new cash coins was reduced by the Hanoi Mint which lead to the demand of the Vietnamese market for low value denominations to not be met, furthermore, after Hanoi reduced funding for the Thanh Hóa Mint, which until that time was producing enough low denomination cast cash coins to meet the market's demands, which caused most, but not all, of the production of cash coins at the mint to cease in 1920. In response a new committee was formed in Hanoi which ordered the creation of Milled coinage, machine-struck Khải Định Thông Bảo cash coins, these are the first machine-struck four character Thông B� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Flag Of The Nguyen Dynasty
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number 1 (number), one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and record producer Albums * 1st (album), ''1st'' (album), a 1983 album by Streets * 1st (Rasmus EP), ''1st'' (Rasmus EP), a 1995 EP by The Rasmus, frequently identified as a single * ''1ST'', a 2021 album by SixTones * First (Baroness EP), ''First'' (Baroness EP), an EP by Baroness * First (Ferlyn G EP), ''First'' (Ferlyn G EP), an EP by Ferlyn G * First (David Gates album), ''First'' (David Gates album), an album by David Gates * First (O'Bryan album), ''First'' (O'Bryan album), an album by O'Bryan * First (Raymond Lam album), ''First'' (Raymond Lam album), an album by Raymond Lam * ''First'', an album by Denise Ho Songs * First (Cold War Kids song), "First" (Cold War Kids song), a song by Cold War Kids * First (Lindsay Lohan song), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huế
Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and administrative capital for the Nguyễn dynasty and later functioned as the administrative capital of the protectorate of Annam during the French Indochina period. It contains a UNESCO-designated site, the Complex of Huế Monuments, which is a popular tourist attraction. Alongside its moat and thick stone walls the complex encompasses the Imperial City of Huế, with palaces and shrines; the Forbidden Purple City, once the emperor's home; and a replica of the Royal Theater. Nearly 4.2 million visitors had visited the city in 2019 and many of its historic landmarks are still undergoing restoration. History The oldest ruins in Hue belong to the Kingdom of Lam Ap, dating back to the 4th century AD. The ruins of its capital, the ancient city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiền
The term ''tiền'' ( Hán tự: 錢) is used to refer to various currency-related concepts used in Vietnamese history. The name is a cognate with the Chinese ''qián'' (錢), a unit of weight called " mace" in English. It can refer to a unit of weight used in precious metal coinages as well as the number of cash coins in a string. The name was also used for different awards, both Chinese-style and Western-style awards given in Vietnam throughout different times of its history. The word ''tiền'' is also the Vietnamese word for the concept of money in general. Cash coins In cash coins the term ''tiền'' could be used to refer to sub-strings of 10 cash coins in a string of 100~600. Though the quality of cash coins was also important for counting a ''tiền'', in 1945 a ''tiền'' of '' tiền gián'' included 36 cash coins, while a ''tiền'' of '' tiền quý'' included 60 cash coins. Precious metal coinages In the early 19th century, silver and gold bars were tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banque De L'Indochine
The Banque de l'Indochine (), originally Banque de l'Indo-Chine ("Bank of Indochina"), was a bank created in 1875 in Paris to finance French colonial development in Asia. As a bank of issue in Indochina until 1952 (and in French Pacific territories until 1967), with many features of a central bank, it played a major role in the financial history of French Indochina, French India, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Djibouti, as well as French-backed ventures in Siam and China. After World War II, it lost its issuance privilege but reinvented itself as an investment bank in France, and developed new ventures in other countries such as Saudi Arabia and South Africa. The Compagnie Financière de Suez acquired a controlling interest in the Banque de l'Indochine in 1972, then merged it in 1975 with its own banking subsidiary to form Banque Indosuez, since 1996 itself part of the Crédit Agricole universal banking group. History Background and creation Following the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hải Phòng
Haiphong ( vi, Hải Phòng, ), or Hải Phòng, is a major industrial city and the third-largest in Vietnam. Hai Phong is also the center of technology, economy, culture, medicine, education, science and trade in the Red River delta. Haiphong was founded in 1887 as a major seaport city of Vietnam. In 1888, the president of the French Third Republic, Sadi Carnot, promulgated a decree to establish Haiphong. From 1954 to 1975, Haiphong served as the most important maritime city of North Vietnam, and it became one of direct-controlled municipalities of a reunified Vietnam with Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in 1976. In the 21st century, Haiphong has emerged as a trading gateway, modern, green industrial city of Vietnam, oriented to become the third special-class city of Vietnam by 2030 to 2050 at the latest. Haiphong has a Human Development Index of 0.782 (high), ranking fourth among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam. History Dynastic Vietnam Haiphong was the home of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cost Of Living
Cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living. Changes in the cost of living over time can be operationalized in a cost-of-living index. Cost of living calculations are also used to compare the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living in different geographic areas. Differences in cost of living between locations can be measured in terms of purchasing power parity rates. Definition Cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living. Changes in the cost of living over time can be operationalized in a cost-of-living index. Cost of living calculations can be used to compare the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living in different geographic areas. Differences in cost of living between locations can be measured in terms of purchasing power parity rates. Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) Employment contracts and pension benefits can be tied to a cost-of-living index, typically to the consumer price index (CPI). A COLA a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoarding (economics)
Hoarding in economics refers to the concept of purchasing and storing a large amount of product belonging to a particular market, creating scarcity of that product, and ultimately driving the price of that product up. Commonly hoarded products include assets such as money, gold and public securities, as well as vital goods such as fuel and medicine. Consumers are primarily hoarding resources so that they can maintain their current consumption rate in the event of a shortage ( real or perceived). Hoarding resources can prevent or slow products or commodities from traveling through the economy. Subsequently, this may lead to the product or commodity to becomes scarce, causing the value of the resource to rise. A common intention of economic hoarding is to generate a profit by selling the product once the price has increased. Hence, economic speculators tend to hoard products that are inelastic in price so that when the price of the product does increase, the demand for that produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Nguyễn Dynasty
The government of the Nguyễn dynasty, officially the Southern Court ( Vietnamese: ''Nam Triều''; Hán-Nôm: 南朝) and commonly referred to as the Huế Court (Vietnamese: ''Triều đình Huế''; Hán-Nôm: 朝廷化), centred around the emperor (皇帝, ''Hoàng Đế'') as the absolute monarch, surrounded by various imperial agencies and ministries which stayed under the emperor's presidency. Following the signing of the Patenôtre Treaty the French took over a lot of control and while the government of the Nguyễn dynasty still nominally ruled the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin, in reality the French maintained control over these territories and the Nguyễn government became subsidiary to the administration of French Indochina. During World War II the Japanese launched a '' coup d'état'' outsting the French and establishing the Empire of Vietnam which was ruled by the Nguyễn government. During the August Revolution the Nguyễn government was abolished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China),; vi, Đông Dương thuộc Pháp, , lit. 'East Ocean under French Control; km, ឥណ្ឌូចិនបារាំង, ; th, อินโดจีนฝรั่งเศส, officially known as the Indochinese Union; vi, Liên bang Đông Dương, , lit. 'East Ocean Federation'; km, សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន; lo, ສະຫະພາບອິນໂດຈີນ and after 1947 as the Indochinese Federation,; vi, Liên đoàn Đông Dương; km, សហព័ន្ធឥណ្ឌូចិន; lo, ສະຫະພັນອິນດູຈີນ was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia until its demise in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos (from 1899), the Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan (from 1898 until 1945), and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin in the north, Annam in the centre, and Cochinchina in the south. The capital for most of its history (1902–45) was Hanoi; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deflation
In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). Inflation reduces the value of currency over time, but sudden deflation increases it. This allows more goods and services to be bought than before with the same amount of currency. Deflation is distinct from disinflation, a slow-down in the inflation rate, i.e. when inflation declines to a lower rate but is still positive. Economists generally believe that a sudden deflationary shock is a problem in a modern economy because it increases the real value of debt, especially if the deflation is unexpected. Deflation may also aggravate recessions and lead to a deflationary spiral. Some economists argue that prolonged deflationary periods are related to the underlying of technological progress in an economy, because as productivity increases ( TFP), the cost of goods decreases. Deflation usually happens when su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annam (French Protectorate)
) , image_flag = Flag of Colonial Annam.svg , image_flag2 = Long tinh flag.svg , flag_type = Top: Protectorate flag Bottom: Civil flag , image_coat = Coat of arms of Annam - S.M. Bao Daï, Le Dragon d'Annam (1980) colour scheme - Đại Nam (大南).svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , other_symbol = Imperial seal皇帝之寶(Hoàng Đế chi bảo)( Until 1945) , image_map = Atlas de l'Indochine dressé (...)Indochine française bpt6k11001779 70.jpg , image_map_caption = Administrative divisions of the French Protectorate of Annam in 1920. , capital = Huế , common_languages = Cham, Bahnar, Rade, Jarai, Stieng, Mnong, Koho, Chinese, French, Vietnamese , religion = Mahayana BuddhismConfucianismTaoism CatholicismFolk religion HinduismIslam , currency = Vietnamese cash,French Indochinese piastre , today = Viet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bảo Đại Thông Bảo
The Bảo Đại Thông Bảo ( Hán tự: 保大通寶) was a round Copper-alloy coin with a square hole produced by the Nguyễn dynasty under French protection and was the last cash coin produced both in Vietnam and the world, this ended a long series of cast Vietnamese coinage that started with the Thái Bình Hưng Bảo in 970. The cast Bảo Đại Thông Bảo were produced at the Thanh Hóa Mint, while the machine-struck variants were produced in Hanoi by the colonial French government. These coins bear the name of Emperor Bảo Đại who ascended the throne in 1926 but continued the production of the earlier Khải Định Thông Bảo (啓定通寶) that bore his father's name until 1933 when he ordered the production of new coins with his reign name, which was normal as previous Vietnamese emperors also kept producing cash coins with the inscription of their predecessors for a period of time. The cast smaller Bảo Đại Thông Bảo cash coins with blank revers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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