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Kalamazoo River Oil Spill
The Kalamazoo River oil spill occurred in July 2010 when a pipeline operated by Enbridge (Line 6B) burst and flowed into Talmadge Creek, a tributary of the Kalamazoo River. A break in the pipeline resulted in one of the largest inland oil spills in U.S. history (the largest was the 1991 spill near Grand Rapids, Minnesota). The pipeline carries diluted bitumen (dilbit), a heavy crude oil from Canada's Athabasca oil sands to the United States. Cleanup took five years. Following the spill, the volatile hydrocarbon diluents evaporated, leaving the heavier bitumen to sink in the water column. of the Kalamazoo River were closed for clean-up until June 2012, when portions of the river were re-opened. On March 14, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered Enbridge to return to dredge portions of the river to remove submerged oil and oil-contaminated sediment. The spill On Sunday, July 25, 2010, at about 5:58 p.m. EDT, a pipe segment ruptured in the Enbridge En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talmadge Creek
Talmadge Creek is a tributary of the Kalamazoo River. It is located in Calhoun County, Michigan, near the county seat of Marshall. 2010 crude oil spill The creek is notable as the site of a major oil spill that made its way into the Kalamazoo River. On 26 July 2010, an estimated of crude oil-like dilbit leaked into the creek from a 30-inch pipeline operated by the Enbridge Pipeline System. The pipeline intersects the creek 0.5 miles east of Interstate 69 and approximately two miles south of Marshall. The leak location was a wetland A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months). Flooding results in oxygen-free (anoxic) processes prevailing, especially in the soils. The p ... located less than 2 miles upstream from the Kalamazoo River, ensuring that the spilled hydrocarbons would soon enter the larger waterway, despite efforts to use booms to prevent the dilbit from re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living On Earth
''Living on Earth'' is a weekly, hour-long and award-winning environmental news program distributed by Public Radio Exchange (on Public Radio International from October 6, 2006, show to December 6, 2019, show, and before that, NPR from 1991 until 2006). Hosted by Steve Curwood, the program features interviews and commentary on a broad range of ecological issues, exploring how humans interact with their landscape. The show airs on over 300 public radio stations nationwide and reaches 80% of the United States. It is produced and recorded at the University of Massachusetts Boston. As an independent media program, ''Living on Earth'' (LOE) relies entirely on contributions from listeners and institutions supporting public service including PRI affiliates and PRI. In previous years, the program had been distributed by National Public Radio. ''Living on Earth'' is currently based at the University of Massachusetts Boston. The program has received numerous awards including: The 2005 Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyethylene
Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic. It is a polymer, primarily used for packaging ( plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes and containers including bottles, etc.). , over 100 million tonnes of polyethylene resins are being produced annually, accounting for 34% of the total plastics market. Many kinds of polyethylene are known, with most having the chemical formula (C2H4)''n''. PE is usually a mixture of similar polymers of ethylene, with various values of ''n''. It can be ''low-density'' or ''high-density'': low-density polyethylene is extruded using high pressure () and high temperature (), while high-density polyethylene is extruded using low pressure () and low temperature (). Polyethylene is usually thermoplastic, but it can be modified to become thermosetting instead, for example, in cross-linked polyethylene. History Polyethylene was first synthesized by the German chemis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corrosion Fatigue
Corrosion fatigue is fatigue in a corrosive environment. It is the mechanical degradation of a material under the joint action of corrosion and cyclic loading. Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress, and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. The environment plays a significant role in the fatigue of high-strength structural materials like steel, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. Materials with high specific strength are being developed to meet the requirements of advancing technology. However, their usefulness depends to a large extent on the degree to which they resist corrosion fatigue. The effects of corrosive environments on the fatigue behavior of metals were studied as early as 1930. The phenomenon should not be confused with stress corrosion cracking, where corrosion (such as pitting) leads to the development of brittle cracks, growth and failure. The only requirement for corrosion fatigue is that the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lifting Pipe - Enbridge Oil Spill Pipeline (4869018009)
Lifting may refer to: * Manual handling of loads *Raising objects upwards, for example with lifting equipment *Weightlifting, lifting of weights for various ends **Olympic weightlifting, an Olympic sport that tests explosive strength **Powerlifting, a sport that tests limit strength * An undesirable type of movement in the sport of racewalking *Shoplifting Shoplifting is the theft of goods from an open retail establishment, typically by concealing a store item on one's person, in pockets, under clothes or in a bag, and leaving the store without paying. With clothing, shoplifters may put on items ..., an unnoticed theft of goods from an open retail establishment * Facelifting, a type of cosmetic surgery * Lift (mathematics), Lift, a morphism in mathematics * Lifting theory, a notion in measure theory * Lifting scheme (wavelets) * Lambda lifting, meta-process that defines functions independently of each other in a global scope * Taking an inference rule in propositional logic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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