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Kosmos-2
The Kosmos (also spelled Cosmos, Russian: ) rockets were a series of Soviet and subsequently Russian rockets, derived from the R-12 and R-14 missiles, the best known of which is the Kosmos-3M, which has made over 440 launches. The Kosmos family contained a number of rockets, both carrier rockets and sounding rockets, for orbital and sub-orbital spaceflight respectively. The first variant, the Kosmos, first flew on 27 October 1961. Over 700 Kosmos rockets have been launched overall. Variants Based on the R-12 Kosmos Kosmos (GRAU Index: 63S1, also known as Cosmos), was the name of a Soviet space rocket model active between 1961 and 1967. Kosmos was developed from the R-12 medium-range missile. It was launched a total of 38 times, with twelve failures. Kosmos-2M The Kosmos-2M (GRAU Index: 63S1M, also known as Cosmos-2M) rocket was the prototype preceding the Kosmos-2I rocket. It launched the Kosmos 106 and Kosmos 97 satellites, from Area 86 at Kapustin Yar. Kosmos-2I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos 106
Kosmos 106 ( meaning ''Cosmos 106''), also known as DS-P1-I No.1 was a satellite which was used as a radar target for anti-ballistic missile tests. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1966 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme and had a mass of . It was launched aboard a Kosmos-2M 63S1M rocket, from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 12:28 GMT on 25 January 1966. It was the only DS-P1-I satellite to be launched on the short-lived Kosmos-2M before launches switched to the Kosmos-2I 63SM variant. Kosmos 106 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , an inclination of 48.4°, and an orbital period of 92.8 minutes. It decayed from orbit on 14 November 1966. Kosmos 106 was the first of nineteen DS-P1-I satellites to be launched. Of these, all reached orbit successfully except the DS-P1-I No.6 (seventh), on 30 January 1970. See also * 1966 in spaceflight The year 1966 saw the peak and the end of the Gemini program ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos 97
Kosmos 97 ( meaning ''Cosmos 97''), also known as DS-U2-M No.1, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1965 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and used to conduct tests involving atomic clocks. A Kosmos-2M 63S1M carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 97 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 12:14 GMT on 26 November 1965, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1965-095A. The North American Aerospace Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 01777. Kosmos 97 contained the first experiments with measuring masers. A molecular quantum generator was tested, which makes it possible to communicate with and control other spacecraft, and to send information great distances. Aspects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos-1
The Kosmos-1 (GRAU Index: 65S3, also known as Cosmos-1) was a Soviet carrier rocket (Kosmos (rocket family)), derived from the R-14 missile, which orbited satellites in 1964 and 1965. It served as an interim, and was quickly replaced by the Kosmos-3. Eight were flown, all launched from Site 41/15 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Initial development was authorised in October 1961, leading to a maiden flight on 18 August 1964, carrying three Strela satellites. Strela-1 satellites were flown on seven flights, three on each of the first four and five on the next three. The eighth and final flight carried one. All flights were successful except the second. Launch history See also *Kosmos-2I *Kosmos-3M The Kosmos-3M ( meaning "''Cosmos''", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos (rocket family), Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 s ... References {{Expendable la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosmos-3M
The Kosmos-3M ( meaning "''Cosmos''", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos (rocket family), Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Kosmos-3M used Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH fuel and Red fuming nitric acid, AK27I oxidizer (red fuming nitric acid) to lift roughly of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Kosmos-3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. Production Corporation Polyot, PO Polyot manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian city of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011; however, in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baikonur Cosmodrome
The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan. Located in the Kazakh city of Baikonur, it is the largest operational space launch facility in terms of area. All Russian Human spaceflight, crewed spaceflights are launched from Baikonur. Situated in the Kazakh Steppe, some above sea level, it is to the east of the Aral Sea and north of the Syr Darya. It is close to Töretam, a station on the Trans-Aral Railway. Russia, as the official successor state to the Soviet Union, has retained control over the facility since 1991; it originally assumed this role through the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), but ratified an agreement with Kazakhstan in 2005 that allowed it to lease the spaceport until 2050. It is jointly managed by Roscosmos and the Russian Aerospace Forces. In 1955, the Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union), Soviet Ministry of Defense issued a decree and founded the Baikonur Cosmodrome. It was originally built as the chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strela (satellite)
Strela (, for ''Arrow'') is a Ukrainian (previously Soviet) military communications satellite constellation operating in low Earth orbit. These satellites operate as mailboxes ("store-and-forward"): they remember the received messages and then resend them after the scheduled time, or by a command from the Earth. Some sources state the satellites are capable of only three months of active operation, but through coordination with others they can serve for about five years. The satellites are used for transmission of encrypted messages and images. History The first three satellites, Kosmos 38 (reentered 8 November 1964), Kosmos 39 (reentered 17 November 1964) and Kosmos 40 (reentered 17 November 1964), were launched on 18 August 1964. Five different types of Strela satellites (six if one counts the Rodnik aka Strela-3M satellites) have been launched, designated Strela-1 (1964–1965), Strela-1M (1970–1992), Strela-2 (1965–1968), Strela-2M (1970–1994), and Strela-3 (1985†... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrier Rocket
A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space. The most common form is the ballistic missile-shaped multistage rocket, but the term is more general and also encompasses vehicles like the Space Shuttle. Most launch vehicles operate from a launch pad, supported by a launch control center and systems such as vehicle assembly and fueling. Launch vehicles are engineered with advanced aerodynamics and technologies, which contribute to high operating costs. An orbital launch vehicle must lift its payload at least to the boundary of space, approximately and accelerate it to a horizontal velocity of at least . Suborbital vehicles launch their payloads to lower velocity or are launched at elevation angles greater than horizontal. Practical orbital launch vehicles use chemical propellants such as solid fuel, liquid hydrogen, kerosene, liquid oxygen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant (stylized KrasMash) () is a Russian arms manufacturer and home appliance manufacturer based in Krasnoyarsk. It was established in 1932 and became a subsidiary of Roscosmos. The Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant was a leading producer of liquid propellant submarine-launched ballistic missiles in the USSR. It has also produced "Biryusa" refrigerators for many years and in the 1990s it converted to the production of a number of new civilian goods. The company also produced the torches for the 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay. History The plant was founded in July 13, 1932, when the ''Charter of the State Administration for the Construction and Temporary Operation of the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant'' was adopted by order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. At that time, the plant produced dredges, steam boilers and excavators for gold mines. During World War II, the plant was one of the manufacturers of guns of various syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RD-216
The RD-215 (, GRAU index: 8D513) was a dual nozzle liquid-fuel rocket engine, burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with AK-27 oxidizer (a mixture of 73% nitric acid and 27% dinitrogen tetroxide [] with iodine as a passivation (chemistry), passivant). It was used in a module of two engines (four nozzles) known as the RD-216 (GRAU index: 8D514). The RD-215 was developed by OKB-456 for Yangel's Yuzhmash R-14 (8K65) ballistic missile. Its variations were also used on the Kosmos-1, Kosmos-3 and Kosmos-3M launch vehicles. Versions The family incorporate many versions: *RD-215 (GRAU index: 8D513): Original design for the R-14 (8K65). Used also on the Kosmos-1 and Kosmos-3 *RD-215U (GRAU index: 8D513U): Improved engine for the R-14U (8K65U). *RD-215M (GRAU index: 8D513M): Improved version used on the Kosmos-3M. *RD-218 (GRAU index: 8D515): Modified design for the R-16 (8K64) first stage. *RD-219 (GRAU index: 8D713): Modified design for the R- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
