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Kommunarka Shooting Ground
The Kommunarka firing range (), former dacha of secret police chief Genrikh Yagoda, was used as a burial ground from 1937 to 1941. Executions may have been carried out there by the NKVD during the Great Terror and until the war started; alternatively, bodies of those shot elsewhere might have been brought there for later interment."The Kommunarka burial site in Moscow", Russia's Necropolis of Terror and the Gulag . ''en.mapofmemory.org'' As Russian historian Arseny Roginsky explained: "firing range" was a popular euphemism adopted to describe mysterious and closely-guarded plots of land that the NKVD began to set aside for mass burials on the eve of the Great Terror. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anandyn Amar
Anandyn Amar (; 1886 – July 10, 1941) was the head of state of the Mongolian People's Republic from 1932 to 1936 and twice served as List of Prime Ministers of Mongolia, prime minister from 1928–1930 and again from 1936–1939. A widely respected politician, Amar was known for his eloquent defense of Mongolian independence in the face of increasing Soviet domination. Despite this, he proved powerless in preventing Minister of Interior Khorloogiin Choibalsan and the Soviet NKVD from carrying out Stalinist repressions in Mongolia, mass purges of nearly 30,000 Mongolians during his second term as prime minister between 1937 and 1939. Amar's popularity ultimately led to his purge by the pro-Soviet Choibalsan, who had him charged with counterrevolution in 1939. Amar was sent to Moscow for trial and executed on July 10, 1941. Early life and career Amar (literally meaning "peace/peaceful" in the Mongolian language) was born in 1886 in the present-day Khangal district of Bulgan Provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Berman (chekist)
Boris Davidovich Berman (; 15 May 1901 22 February 1939) was a leading member of the NKVD, who played a prominent role in the Great Purge before he was himself arrested and shot. Early career Berman was born in Andiranovka, Chita, Transbaikal Oblast, to a Jewish brickyard owner. At the age of ten, Boris Berman was sent to work as a shop assistant. He fought in the civil war as a teenager. He joined the OGPU in 1921 and held a succession of posts. In 1928-31, he was based in Russian Central Asia, and for about three years, was an OGPU resident in Germany. In 1934, he was appointed deputy head of the OGPU Foreign Department, shortly before it was reorganized as the NKVD.Who Directed the NKVD (in Russian), (select "БЕРМАН БОРИС ДАВЫДОВИЧ")(in Russian), accessed 25 September 2019 Role in the G ...
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Alexander Beloborodov
Alexander Georgiyevich Beloborodov (; 26 October 189110 February 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, party figure and statesman best known for his role as one of the chief regicides of Nicholas II and his family. Born in Alexandrovsk, in the Solikamsky Uyezd of the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1907. Siding with Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks, after the February Revolution, he became a member of the Ural Regional Party Committee, represented the Ural Bolsheviks at the Party Conference in April 1917, and subsequently became Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Ural Regional Council of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers' Deputies, more commonly known as the Ural Soviet (''Uraloblsovet''). In July 1918, in coordination with Yakov Sverdlov in Moscow, Beloborodov ordered the execution of the former Tsar Nicholas II and his family, signing the decision by the Ural Soviet which w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abram Belenky
Abram Yakovlevich Belenky () (1882 or 1883 – 16 October 1941) was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik and a major functionary of the Soviet secret police (Cheka / OGPU / NKVD). Born into a Jewish family in Swierżań, Russian Empire, he became a member of the RSDLP in 1898. In 1919-24, he was a head of V.I. Lenin security. He was later promoted to major of NKVD. On 9 May 1938, Belenky was arrested and accused of having taken part in a counter-revolutionary plot organized by former NKVD officers, including Genrikh Yagoda. He was sentenced by the Special Council of the NKVD (OSO) to five years of Gulag The Gulag was a system of Labor camp, forced labor camps in the Soviet Union. The word ''Gulag'' originally referred only to the division of the Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Soviet secret police that was in charge of runnin ... imprisonment. In 1940, his sentence was cancelled and his case was re-opened, with the eventual outcome that he was executed by firi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Bekzadyan
Alexander Artemyevich Bekzadyan (; ; 15 September 1879 1 August 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman of Armenian descent. After serving as Soviet ambassador to Norway and to Hungary he was murdered during the Great Purge. Early years Alexander Harutyunyi (Artemi) Bekzadian was born in 1879 in Shushi, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russian Empire. He graduated from the Shusha Real School. Between 1900 and 1902, he studied at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In 1911, he graduated from the Faculty of Public Policy at the University of Zurich. Following his departure from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Bekzadian became involved with the burgeoning Bolshevik party. He was arrested within Russia as a member of the Baku and Transcaucasian Committees of the Bolshevik party, but escaped in 1906. Bekzadian participated in several conferences of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Europe and Russia, and maintained close contact with the figures of the Second Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Batorsky
Mikhail Alexandrovich Batorsky (; 25 January 1890 8 February 1938) was a Red Army Komkor. The son of an officer and a member of the nobility, Batorsky fought in World War I as a staff officer, ending the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He sided with the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War, serving as a staff officer. During the Polish–Soviet War Batorsky served as chief of staff for the 16th Army and was decorated for his leadership. After the end of the war he became a cavalry commander and was head of a cavalry school. Batorsky was executed during the Great Purge and posthumously acquitted after Stalin's death. Early life and World War I Batorsky was born on 25 January 1890 in Saint Petersburg, the son of an officer and a member of the nobility. In 1909, he graduated from the Page Corps with honors and became a cornet on 6 August, serving in Her Majesty's Own Cuirassier Regiment. On 6 August 1913 he was promoted to lieutenant. In 1914, Batorsky graduated from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žanis Bahs
Žanis Bahs (also Žanis Bachs; 6 October 1885 – 16 October 1941) was a Latvian general. He fought in World War I and later in the Latvian War of Independence, where he commanded a division in the Republic of Latvia. After the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 Bahs was arrested and shot by Soviet authorities. Early life Žanis Bahs was born on 6 October 1885 in the Gaiķi Parish, Courland Governorate as an innkeeper's son. He studied at the commercial school in Riga and later started metallurgy studies at St. Petersburg Polytechnical Institute. In 1912 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army and served in the 170th infantry regiment. He graduated the school of ''praporschik'' in 1913. World War I After the start of the First World War Bahs served in the 174th and 540th infantry regiments. In December 1916, he was transferred to the Latvian Rifleman units and served in 2nd Riga Latvian rifleman regiment. After the Christmas Battles he was transferred back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Artuzov
Artur Khristyanovich Artuzov (name at birth: Artur Eugene Leonard Fraucci) ( (); 18 February 1891 – 21 August 1937) was a leading figure in the Soviet international intelligence and counter-intelligence and security officer and spymaster of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s. Early life Artuzov's father was Italian-Swiss and employed as a cheesemaker; his mother was Estonian-Latvian. Artuzov studied metallurgy at St. Petersburg Polytechnical Institute. Since childhood he was familiar with the Bolshevik revolutionaries Nikolai Podvoisky and Mikhail Kedrov, who were the husbands of his mother's sisters. He started distributing illegal revolutionary literature as a teenager in 1906. In May 1909 he graduated with a gold medal from the Novgorod classical men's gymnasium and entered the metallurgical department of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated with honors in February 1917, after which he worked as a design engineer in the Metallurgical Bureau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Appoga
Ernest Fritzevich Appoga (, ; 1898 – November 28, 1937) was a Soviet general and revolutionary who was given the position of Komkor on November 11, 1935. He was born in present-day Latvia. He fought in the Russian Civil War in the Soviet Red Army. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star. During the Great Purge, as a part of the so-called " Latvian Operation", he was arrested on either May 22 or 23, 1937 and executed on either 26 or 28 November in Moscow. He was rehabilitated in 1956. Biography He was born in 1898 in Libau, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire. He worked as a turner and machinist polisher at various factories in Libau, Petrograd, and Lysva. He became a member of the Bolshevik Party in 1917 and participated in both the February and October Revolutions and was a member of the Red Guard and elected to the Council of Workers' Deputies. During the Civil War, he took part in battles against the forces of Kolchak and D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juris Aploks
Juris Aploks (, ''Yuri Yuryevich Aplok''; April 21, 1893 – April 2, 1938) was an officer of Latvian Riflemen and later a Soviet Komdiv. Military career He was born on 21 April, 1893 in the family of a farmer in Raņķi Parish, Kuldīga district. At the beginning of World War I, he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, and in 1915 was sent to study at the Pskov Ensign School. After graduating from military school he participated in battles as an officer of the 2nd Riga Latvian Riflemen Regiment, and in 1917 was promoted to the rank of staff captain. After the October Revolution, he went over to the Bolshevik side. During the German attack on 25 February, 1918, he commanded parts of the 2nd Riga Latvian Rifle Regiment in the battles near Pskov. After the establishment of the Red Latvian Rifle Division, on 21 June, 1918, he was appointed chief of the operational part of its headquarters, and on 27 July, chief of staff. In August 1918, he was sent to the Urals to fight aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
