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Kani Shaie
Kani Shaie is a small ancient Near East archaeological site located within the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of northeast Iraq in the Basian Basin at the western edge of the Zagros mountains. It lies about 23 kilometers west of modern Sulaymaniyah and to the northeast of the ancient site of Girdi Qala and Logardan. Its main period of occupation was from the 5th millennium BC Chalcolithic period until the middle of the 3rd millennium BC Early Bronze Age, roughly 5000 BC until 2500 BC, encompassing the Ubaid period, Uruk period and Early Dynastic period. Minor occupation was noted in the lower town from the Halaf, Ubaid, Neo-Assyrian, Parthian and Islamic periods along with an Ottoman period cemetery. hmad, Mustafa, and Steve Renette, "Middle Islamic Rural Occupation at Kani Shaie in Iraqi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Sulaymaniyah Governorate (; ; ) or Sulaymaniyah Province is a Governorates of Iraq, governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Its largest city is Sulaymaniyah. Halabja Governorate was formerly the Halabja District, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Halabja District of Sulaymaniyah, until it became a separate governorate in 2014. Provincial government * Governor: Haval Abubakir * Deputy Governor: Ahmed Ali Ahmed * Provincial Council Chairman (PCC): Azad Mohammad Amin Districts See also * Hazar Merd Cave * Qasr-e Shirin, Parviz border crossing * Kermanshah Province * Lake Kanaw References External links * Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Governorates of Iraq Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan {{Iraq-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Kunara
Tell Kunara is an ancient Near East archaeological site about 10 kilometers southwest of Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. It lies on the Tanjaro River. The site was occupied from the Chalcolithic period to the early second millennium BC. History The site was occupied in the Akkadian, Ur III, and Isin-Larsa periods. The excavators have speculated that the city, with its monumental buildings, was the capital of the Lullubi state. Initially there were three excavation levels defined (levels 1 and 2 have been radiocarbon dated) *Level 1 – Middle Bronze Age (2000–1900 BC) (in Area C) *Level 2 – End of Early Bronze (2200–2000 BC) (in Areas, B, and E) *Level 3 – Early Bronze Age (2350–2200 BC) (in Areas A and D) Excavators have now detailed an occupation history for the entire site as *Period I: Medieval or Early Modern Period *Period II: Iron Age *Period III: 2nd millennium BC *Period IV: Late 3rd millennium BC *Period V: Circa 2200-2100 BC *Period VI: Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Al-Hawa
Tell al-Hawa is an ancient Near East archaeological site on the North Jazira Plain of northern Iraq, near the border with modern-day Syria and just west of the Tigris river. It lies 40 kilometers southwest of the site of Tell Hamoukar and about 90 kilometers northwest of modern Mosul. Occupation at the site began in the 5th millennium BC Halaf period and continued, with periods of abandonment, until the Islamic period. Settlement reached a substantial size in the 4th millennium BC Uruk period and the late 3rd millennium BC Akkadian Empire period. A modern village, 26 hectares in size, lies off the east edge of the main mound. Tell al-Hawa was excavated as part of a regional rescue archaeology program resulting from the completion of the Mosul Dam and the subsequent expansion of irrigated agriculture. Beveled rim bowls, diagnostic of the Uruk Culture, were found at the site. Archaeology Tell al-Hawa consists of a 20 hectare upper town (Acropolis) rising 30 meters above the plai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jebel Aruda
Jebel Aruda (also Djebel Aruda or Jebel 'Aruda or Sheikh 'Arud or Gebel Aruda or Gabal Aruda), is an ancient Near East archaeological site on the west bank of the Euphrates river in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. It was excavated as part of a program of rescue excavation project for sites to be submerged by the creation of Lake Assad by the Tabqa Dam. The site was occupied in the Late Chalcolithic, during the late 4th millennium BC, specifically in the Uruk V period. It is on the opposite side of the lake from the Halafian site of Shams ed-Din Tannira and is within sight of the Uruk V site Habuba Kabira (8 kilometers downstream) and thought to have been linked to it. The archaeological sites of Tell es-Sweyhat and Tell Hadidi are also nearby. Archaeology The site, which lies 60 meters above the west bank of the Euphrates River, was founded on virgin soil, and covers an area of about 3 hectares. There is a 9.5 meter high 80 meter by 70 meter temple terrace with a stone foundation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grai Resh
Grai Resh is an ancient Near East archaeological site in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq just south of the Sinjar Mountains. It was first occupied at the beginning of the 5th millennium BC in the Ubaid period. It then became part of the Uruk Expansion. Beveled rim bowls, diagnostic of the Uruk Culture, were found at the site. Grai Resh may have been occupied as late as the Jemdat Nasr or Early Dynastic I period before being abandoned. It has been suggested that site may have been, in the early 2nd millennium BC, the location of small Amorite kingdom of Kurda. Finds showed that the site participated in widespread trade. Archaeology The site was first noted, as Grai Reš, in 1938 by Seton Lloyd during a survey of the Sinjar region. It was said to be primarily from the Uruk period based on surface pottery, including Beveled rim bowls. Excavation was conducted in 1939 by Lloyd on behalf of the Department of Antiquities of the Government of Iraq. The site was reported as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities Of The Ancient Near East
The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age, with some 30,000 inhabitants, was the largest city of the time by far. Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40,000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age. Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50,000–60,000. Niniveh had some 20,000–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (around 700 BC). In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU became a determinative sign denoting a city, or combine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chogha Gavaneh
The site of Chogha Gavaneh, on two major routes, one between south and central Mesopotamia and Iran and the other between northern Mesopotamia and the Susa are, lies within the modern city of Eslamabad-e Gharb (formerly Harunabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) in Kermanshah Province in Iran and about 60 kilometers west of modern Kermanshah. It was occupied from the Early Neolithic Period to Middle Bronze Age and, after a time of abandonment, in the Islamic period. Archaeology Chogha Gavaneh, which reached a size of about 40 hectares in the Bronze Age, has now been mostly destroyed by local inhabitants and now covers at most 4 hectares, rising 25 meters above the plain. By the Middle Chalcolithic period the site had reached a size of about 3 hectares. There is a "high mound" and a "lower town" (now covered by the modern city). The 40 hectares estimate comes from an aerial photograph of the site taken in 1936 by archaeologist Eric Schmidt before Chogha Gavaneh was engulfed by the city. The site ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beveled Rim Bowl From Logardan, Near Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Northern Iraq
A bevelled edge (UK) or beveled edge (US) is an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular to the faces of the piece. The words bevel and chamfer overlap in usage; in general usage, they are often interchanged, while in technical usage, they may be differentiated as shown in the image on the right. A bevel is typically used to soften the edge of a piece for the sake of safety, wear resistance, aesthetics; or to facilitate mating with another piece. Applications Cutting tools Most cutting tools have a bevelled edge which is apparent when one examines the grind. Bevel angles can be duplicated using a sliding T bevel. Graphic design Typographic bevels are shading and artificial shadows that emulate the appearance of a 3-dimensional letter. The bevel is a relatively common effect in graphic editors such as Photoshop. As such, it is in widespread use in mainstream logos and other design elements. Glass and mirrors Bevelled edges are a common aesthetic nicety added to window pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmer Wheat
Emmer is a hybrid species of wheat, producing edible seeds that have been used as food since ancient times. The domesticated types are ''Triticum turgidum'' subsp. ''dicoccum'' and ''T. t. ''conv.'' durum''. The wild plant is called ''T. t.'' subsp. ''dicoccoides''. The seeds have an awned covering, the sharp spikes helping the seeds to become buried in the ground. The principal difference between the wild and the domestic forms is that the ripened seed head of the wild plant shatters and scatters the seed onto the ground, while in the domesticated emmer, the seed head remains intact, thus making it easier for people to harvest the grain. Along with einkorn, emmer was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. Emmer is one of the three grains called farro in Italy. Etymology Emmer is first attested in 1908 in English as a loanword from German , v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiocarbon Dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for Chronological dating, determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of carbon-14, radiocarbon, a radioactive Isotopes of carbon, isotope of carbon. The method was developed in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago by Willard Libby. It is based on the fact that radiocarbon () is constantly being created in the Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen. The resulting combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and thereafter the amount of it contains begins to decrease as the undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the amount of in a sample from a dead plant or animal, such as a piece of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beveled Rim Bowls
Beveled rim bowls (traditionally called Glockentöpfe) are small, undecorated, mass-produced clay bowls most common in the 4th millennium BC during the Late Chalcolithic period. They constitute roughly three quarters of all ceramics found in Uruk culture sites, are therefore a unique and reliable indicator of the presence of the Uruk culture in ancient Mesopotamia. Beveled rim bowls began to appear in the Early Uruk period (c. 3900-3600 BC), were common in the Middle Uruk period (c. 3600-3400 BC) and the Late Uruk period (c. 3400-3200 BC). In the subsequent Jemdat Nasr period (c. 3200-3100 BC) their use declined along with a rise (starting in the Late Uruk period) in numbers of the ceramics called "tall flowerpots" (Grosse Blumentopfe), which were of similar fabric as Beveled Rim Bowls but were wheel made, whose use is also still unclear. Beveled rim bowls remained in use in a few sites during the Early Dynastic I period (c. 3100-2900 BC). It has been suggested that one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
