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John IX Agapetos
John IX Agapetos or Hieromnemon ( el, ), (? – April 1134) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 1111 and 1134. John's nickname is because before his election to the Patriarchal throne he held the office of '' hieromnemon'' within the Patriarchate. He was the nephew of a prominent Metropolitan of Chalcedon. He was a cleric from within the scholarly, philosophical branch of the Church hierarchy, and had risen through the ranks of the patriarchal clergy. He sought to reverse the secularising trend within the clergy by banning them from acting as advocates in civil courts. A lifelong scholar, he sought to reclaim the great, but dispersed, collection of books within the capital, as there was no central library. He made it a practice to acquire the book collections of deceased powerful men, and then had the patriarchal staff recopy them. His measures greatly expanded the range of titles held in the Great Church to which teachers were attached. Within religious matters, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of Constantinople
The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ( el, Οἰκουμενικὸν Πατριαρχεῖον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, translit=Oikoumenikón Patriarkhíon Konstantinoupóleos, ; la, Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus; tr, Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi, İstanbul Ekümenik Patrikhanesi, "Roman Orthodox Patriarchate, Ecumenical Patriarchate") is one of the fifteen to seventeen autocephalous churches (or "jurisdictions") that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople. Because of its historical location as the capital of the former Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its role as the mother church of most modern Orthodox churches, Constantinople holds a special place of honor within Orthodoxy and serves as the seat for the Ecumenical Patriarch, who enjoys the status of '' primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the world's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos ( grc-gre, Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός, 1057 – 15 August 1118; Latinized Alexius I Comnenus) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power and initiated a hereditary succession to the throne. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks was the catalyst that sparked the First Crusade. Biography Alexios was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassene,Kazhdan 1991, p. 63 and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Leo Of Constantinople
Leo Styppes ( el, ), (died January 12, 1143) was Patriarch of Constantinople from 1134 until his death in 1143. He was a presbyter at Hagia Sophia before his ascension. He reigned uneventfully during the rule of Byzantine emperor This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as ... John II Comnenus. References 12th-century patriarchs of Constantinople 1143 deaths Year of birth unknown {{EasternOrthodox-bishop-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Constantinople Patriarchs
This is a list of the Patriarchs of Constantinople. Bishops of Byzantium (until 330) *1. St. Andrew the Apostle (38), founder *2. St. Stachys the Apostle (38–54) *3. St. Onesimus (54–68) *4. Polycarpus I (69–89) *5. Plutarch (89–105) *6. Sedecion (105–114) *7. Diogenes (114–129) *8. Eleutherius (129–136) *9. Felix (136–141) *10. Polycarpus II (141–144) *11. Athenodorus (144–148) *12. Euzois (148–154) *13. Laurence (154–166) *14. Alypius (166–169) *15. Pertinax (169–187) *16. Olympianus (187–198) *17. Mark I or Marcus I (198–211) *18. Philadelphus (211–217) *19. Cyriacus I (217–230) *20. St. Castinus (230–237) *21. Eugenius I (237–242) *22. Titus (242–272) *23. Dometius (272–284) *24. Rufinus I (284–293) *25. Probus (293–306) *26. St. Metrophanes (306–314) *27. St. Alexander (314–337) Archbishops of Constantinople (330–451) *28. St. Paul I ("the Confessor") (337–339) *29. Eusebius of Nicomedia (339– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarch Nicholas III Of Constantinople
Nicholas III Grammatikos or Grammaticus (? – May 1111) was an Eastern Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (1084–1111). Educated in Constantinople, Nicholas spent much of his early years in Pisidian Antioch, where it is believed he took his monastic vows. He eventually left the city around 1068 when it was threatened by Seljuk Turkish raids. Moving to Constantinople, he founded a monastery dedicated to John the Baptist. In 1084, Alexios I Komnenos selected him to replace the deposed patriarch Eustratius Garidas. By nature a conciliarist, Nicholas was immediately presented with a number of delicate and difficult issues. He took the emperor's side in the case of Leo of Chalcedon, who protested over Alexios' confiscation of church treasures to alleviate the financial strain the Byzantine-Norman Wars had caused, which was resolved when he presided over the Council of Blachernae. He was also prominent in the fight against doctrinal heresy, for instance Nicholas condemned as h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Magdalino
Paul Magdalino FBA (born 10 May 1948) is Bishop Wardlaw Professor of Byzantine History in the University of St Andrews, professor of Byzantine history at Koç University, Istanbul; and a Fellow of the British Academy. His research interests include Byzantine history: the society, culture and economy of the Byzantine world from 6th to 13th centuries; the city of Constantinople; prophecy, scientific thought, the formation of Byzantine religious Orthodoxy. He is well known for his monograph on the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180), which challenged Niketas Choniates' negative appraisal of the ruler. Magdalino received the 1993 Runciman Award for his work. Biography Magdalino was educated at the University of Oxford (1970 BA, 1976 D.Phil.). He has worked as a lecturer and reader in Mediaeval history in University of St Andrews (1977–1999), as a Bishop Wardlaw Professor of Byzantine History in the University of St Andrews (1999–2009), and as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Primacy
Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is a Roman Catholic ecclesiological doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees. The doctrine is accepted at a fundamental level by both the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church, though the two disagree on the nature of primacy. English academic and Catholic priest Aidan Nichols wrote that "at root, only one issue of substance divides the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic Churches, and that is the issue of the primacy." French Eastern Orthodox researcher Jean-Claude Larchet wrote that, together with the '' Filioque'' controversy, differences in interpretation of this doctrine have been and remain the primary causes of schism between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the Eastern Orthodox churches, some understand the primacy of the bishop of Rome to be merely one of greater honour, regarding him as ' ("first among e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Pascal II
Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope. Early career Ranierius was born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna. He became a monk at Cluny at an early age. Papacy During the long struggle of the papacy with the Holy Roman emperors over investiture, Paschal II zealously carried on the Hildebrandine policy in favor of papal privilege, but with only partial success. Henry V, son of Emperor Henry IV, took advantage of his father's excommunication to rebel, even to the point of seeking out Paschal II for absolution for associating with his fath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East–West Schism
The East–West Schism (also known as the Great Schism or Schism of 1054) is the ongoing break of communion between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since 1054. It is estimated that, immediately after the schism occurred, a slim majority of Christians worldwide were Eastern Christians comprised; most of the rest were Western Christians. The schism was the culmination of theological and political differences between Eastern and Western Christianity that had developed during the preceding centuries. A series of ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes between the Greek East and Latin West preceded the formal split that occurred in 1054. Prominent among these were the procession of the Holy Spirit ('' Filioque''), whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist, the bishop of Rome's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of the See of Constantinople in relation to the pentarchy. In 1053, the first action was ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nestorian Doctrine
Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinary, doctrinarily distinct sets of teachings. The first meaning of the term is related to the original teachings of Christian theologian Nestorius (d. 450), who promoted specific doctrines in the fields of Christology and Mariology. The second meaning of the term is much wider, and relates to a set of later theological teachings, that were traditionally labeled as Nestorian, but differ from the teachings of Nestorius in origin, scope and terminology. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines Nestorianism as "The doctrine of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople (appointed in 428), by which Christ is asserted to have had distinct human and divine persons." Original Nestorianism is attested primarily by works of Nestorius, and also by other theological and historical sources that are related to his teachings in the fields of Mariology and Christology. His theology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ecumenical Patriarchs Of Constantinople
This is a list of the Patriarchs of Constantinople. Bishops of Byzantium (until 330) *1. St. Andrew the Apostle (38), founder *2. St. Stachys the Apostle (38–54) *3. St. Onesimus (54–68) *4. Polycarpus I (69–89) *5. Plutarch (89–105) *6. Sedecion (105–114) *7. Diogenes (114–129) *8. Eleutherius (129–136) *9. Felix (136–141) *10. Polycarpus II (141–144) *11. Athenodorus (144–148) *12. Euzois (148–154) *13. Laurence (154–166) *14. Alypius (166–169) *15. Pertinax (169–187) *16. Olympianus (187–198) *17. Mark I or Marcus I (198–211) *18. Philadelphus (211–217) *19. Cyriacus I (217–230) *20. St. Castinus (230–237) *21. Eugenius I (237–242) *22. Titus (242–272) *23. Dometius (272–284) *24. Rufinus I (284–293) *25. Probus (293–306) *26. St. Metrophanes (306–314) *27. St. Alexander (314–337) Archbishops of Constantinople (330–451) *28. St. Paul I ("the Confessor") (337–339) *29. Eusebius of Nicomedia (339– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eustratius Of Nicaea
Eustratius of Nicaea ( el, Εὐστράτιος; c. 1050/1060 – c. 1120)Donald J. Zeyl, Daniel Devereux, Phillip Mitsis, 1997, ''Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy'', page 59. Greenwood Press was Metropolitan bishop of Nicaea in the early 12th century. He wrote commentaries on Aristotle's second book of the ''Analytica Posteriora'' and the ''Ethica Nicomachea.'' Biography Eustratius was a pupil of John Italus, although he had deliberately dissociated himself from John's supposed heretical views when John was condemned around 1082.Joan Mervyn Hussey, 1990, ''The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire'', pages 150-1. Oxford University Press A few years after the trial of Italus, he wrote a dialogue and treatise on the use of icons directed against Leo, the bishop of Chalcedon, who had accused the emperor Alexios I Komnenos of sacrilege and iconoclasm in the way in which he had stripped the churches of gold to fund his wars. For this he gained the emperor Alexios I's friendship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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