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Jacques-Cartier River
The Jacques-Cartier River is a river in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is 161 km long and its source is Jacques-Cartier Lake in Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and flows in a predominantly southern direction before ending in the Saint Lawrence River at Donnacona, about 30 km upstream from Quebec City. It is currently under nomination for Canadian Heritage River status. Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second; agriculture activities in lower part, third. The surface of the Jacques-Cartier River (except the rapids areas) is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from end of December to the beginning of March. Geography The Jacques-Cartier River drains an area of , starting in and flowing for nearly through the Laurentian mountains in the geological region of Grenville (one of the youngest sections of the Canadian Shield, formed 955 million ...
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Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching , is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces ...
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Canadian Heritage Rivers System
The Canadian Heritage Rivers System (CHRS; french: Le réseau de rivières du patrimoine canadien) is a joint program administered by the federal, provincial and territorial governments to conserve and protect the best examples of Canada's river heritage, to give them national recognition, and to encourage the public to enjoy and appreciate them. It is a cooperative program of the governments of Canada, nine provinces, and the three territories. A 14-member national board, created under the Parks Canada Agency Act, administers the program and approves the designation of specific rivers. History The Canadian Heritage Rivers System was established in 1984. The first Canadian Heritage River was the French River in Ontario, designated in 1986. By 1996 there were 29 designated rivers. Quebec withdrew its participation in 2006. There are currently 39 designated and three nominated rivers; with rivers designated in every province and territory except for Quebec. Designated rivers The ...
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Jacques-Cartier Lake
The lac Jacques-Cartier, main source of the Jacques-Cartier River, is a glacial lake located in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, about 90 km to the north of the city of Quebec, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The area around the lake is served by the route 175 which passes on the west shore, for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities. Forestry is the main economic activity in this sector; recreational tourism, second. The surface of Lake Jacques-Cartier is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March. Geography The main hydrographic slopes near Lac Jacques-Cartier are: * north side: Pikauba River, Lac des Pas Perdus, Verchères Lake, Jacqueline Lake, Franchère Lake; ...
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Nadreau Lake
The Nadreau Lake is a freshwater body located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The hydrographic side of this lake is mainly served by a few forest roads for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism activities. Because of its altitude, the surface of Lake Nadreau is generally frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March. The water level is controlled by a dam built at its mouth. Geography Lake Nadreau is the head water body of the Jacques-Cartier River. This lake receives the waters on the west side of two small lakes: Plamondon lake (altitude: ) and an unnamed lake (). Lake Nadreau discharges north into Lake Grandpré (altitude: ). The latter empties westwards into "Petit Pré lake" ( long; altitude ...
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Rivière Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest
The Jacques-Cartier North-West River is a watercourse tributary of Jacques-Cartier River, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada. The course of the river passes in particular in the Jacques-Cartier National Park. The main body of water is Petit lac Jacques-Cartier. Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second. The surface of the Jacques-Cartier Nord-Ouest river (except the rapids) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March. Geography The main watersheds adjacent to the Jacques-Cartier Northeast River are: * north side: Cavée River, Rivière aux Écorces du Milieu, Métabetchouane East River; * east side: Jacques-Cartier River, Launière River; * south sid ...
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Cachée River (Jacques-Cartier River Tributary)
The Rivière Cachée is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada. The course of the river crosses the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, as well as the township municipality unis de Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, located in the MRC La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality. The course of the river flows entirely in a forest zone in the Jacques-Cartier National Park which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq). The Cachée river valley is mainly served by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay. A few secondary roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities. Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second. The surface of the Cachée River (except the rapids areas) is generally frozen from the beginning of Decemb ...
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Rivière à L'Épaule
The Rivière à l'Épaule (English: Shoulder river) is a tributary of the Jacques-Cartier River, flowing in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada. The course of the river crosses the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, as well as the township municipality unis de Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, located in the MRC La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality. The course of the river flows entirely in the Jacques-Cartier National Park (at the eastern limit of the park) which is affiliated with the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq). The Rivière à l'Épaule valley is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay. Some secondary roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities. Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second. The surface of the Rivière à l'� ...
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Portneuf Regional County Municipality, Quebec
Portneuf is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region of Quebec, Canada. RCM of Portneuf has been established on January 1, 1982. It is composed of 21 municipalities: nine cities, seven municipalities, two parishes and three unorganized territories. The county seat is located in Cap-Santé. History The Regional County Municipality of Portneuf was constituted as a regional administrative entity on November 25, 1981, by a Provincial decree creating the supralocal Regional County Municipality administration based on the (...) and therefore replacing the previously existing historic Portneuf County Corporation. While the new administrative boundary included most of the communities from its previous historic limits, a few municipalities were merged with bordering entities: St-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Sainte-Catherine-de-Portneuf, Notre-Dame-de-Montauban, Quebec. Those municipalities yet remained within the Electoral Federal Riding of Po ...
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Glaciation
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state. Quaternary Period Within the Quaternary, which started about 2.6 million years before present, there have been a number of glacials and interglacials. At least eight glacial cycles have occurred in the last 740,000 years alone. Penultimate Glacial Period The Penultimate Glacial Period (PGP) is the glacial period that occurred before the Last Glacial Period. It began about 194,000 years ago and ended 135,000 years ago, with the beginning of the Eemian interglacial. Last Glacial Period The last glacial period was the most recent glacial perio ...
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Glaciated Valley
U-shaped valleys, also called trough valleys or glacial troughs, are formed by the process of glaciation. They are characteristic of mountain glaciation in particular. They have a characteristic U shape in cross-section, with steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom (by contrast, valleys carved by rivers tend to be V-shaped in cross-section). Glaciated valleys are formed when a glacier travels across and down a slope, carving the valley by the action of scouring. When the ice recedes or thaws, the valley remains, often littered with small boulders that were transported within the ice, called glacial till or glacial erratic. Examples of U-shaped valleys are found in mountainous regions throughout the world including the Andes, Alps, Caucasus Mountains, Himalaya, Rocky Mountains, New Zealand and the Scandinavian Mountains. They are found also in other major European mountains including the Carpathian Mountains, the Pyrenees, the Rila and Pirin mountains in Bulgaria, ...
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Jacques-Cartier National Park
Jacques-Cartier National Park (french: Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier) is a provincial park located north of Quebec City. The park aims to protect wildlife in the Laurentian massif. It lies within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion. History The Montagnais and the Huron peoples used to inhabit lands that currently make up Jacques-Cartier National Park. During the 17th century, Hurons worked as guides for Jesuits who wanted to travel between Quebec City and Lac Saint-Jean without using the St. Lawrence River. Starting in the mid-19th century, the area was a major producer of lumber. Due to pressure from the American conservationist movement, the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve, whose lands the park was formed from, was created in 1895.Jepson, TimThe Rough Guide to Canada Google Books. Retrieved 11 May 2012. The end of World War II, as well as improved road networks, brought in a considerable increase in the number of visitors to the area. In 1972, Hydro-Québ ...
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Laurentides Wildlife Reserve
Réserve faunique des Laurentides (), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides, is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, located between Quebec City and the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec (Canada) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec. The territory of the reserve () has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing. History Parc des Laurentides was created in 1895 as a forest reserve and as a recreational area for the public. In 1981, two large parcels were split off to become Jacques-Cartier National Park in the south and the Grands-Jardins National Park in the east, while the remaining territory was established as a wildlife reserve. The Jesuit trail, the first road to cross ...
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