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Jon Barwise
Kenneth Jon Barwise (; June 29, 1942 – March 5, 2000) was an American mathematician, philosopher and logician who proposed some fundamental revisions to the way that logic is understood and used. Education and career He was born in Independence, Missouri, to Kenneth T. and Evelyn Barwise. A pupil of Solomon Feferman at Stanford University, Barwise started his research in infinitary logic. After positions as assistant professor at Yale University and the University of Wisconsin, during which time his interests turned to natural language, he returned to Stanford in 1983 to direct the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI). He began teaching at Indiana University in 1990. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999. In his last year, Barwise was invited to give the 2000 Gödel Lecture; he died prior to the lecture. Philosophical and logical work Barwise contended that, by being explicit about the context in which a propos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematical model, models, and mathematics#Calculus and analysis, change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos () established the Pythagorean school, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liar Paradox
In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox or antinomy of the liar is the statement of a liar that they are lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying". If the liar is indeed lying, then the liar is telling the truth, which means the liar just lied. In "this sentence is a lie", the paradox is strengthened in order to make it amenable to more rigorous logical analysis. It is still generally called the "liar paradox" although abstraction is made precisely from the liar making the statement. Trying to assign to this statement, the strengthened liar, a classical binary truth value leads to a contradiction. Assume that "this sentence is false" is true, then we can trust its content, which states the opposite and thus causes a contradition. Similarly, we get a contradiction when we assume the opposite. History The Epimenides paradox (c. 600 BC) has been suggested as an example of the liar paradox, but they are not logically equivalent. The semi-mythica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Philosophical Quarterly
''The Philosophical Quarterly'' is a quarterly academic journal of philosophy established in 1950 and published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Scots Philosophical Club and the University of St Andrews. Since 2014 its publisher is Oxford Academic. Every year the journal holds an Essay Prize. The journal is considered one of the top-ten publication venues in general philosophy. Notable articles * "Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism" (1956) – J.J.C. Smart * "Rawls' Theory of Justice" (1973) – R.M. Hare * "Epiphenomenal Qualia" (1982) – Frank Jackson * "De Re Senses" (1984) – John McDowell * "Jackson on Physical Information and Qualia" – Terrance Horgan * "Dispositions and Conditionals" (1994) – C. B. Martin * "The Content of Perceptual Experience" (1994) – John McDowell * "Are We Living in a Computer Simulation?" (2003) – Nick Bostrom Nick Bostrom ( ; ; born 10 March 1973) is a Philosophy, philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Perry (philosopher)
John Richard Perry (born January 16, 1943) is an American philosopher who is professor emeritus at Stanford University and the University of California, Riverside. He has made significant contributions to philosophy in the fields of philosophy of language, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. He is known primarily for his work on situation semantics (together with Jon Barwise), reflexivity, indexicality, personal identity, and self-knowledge. Life and career John Perry was born in Lincoln, Nebraska on January 16, 1943. He received his B.A. in philosophy from Doane College in 1964, and his Ph.D. in philosophy from Cornell University in 1968 with a thesis entitled ''Identity''. In the acknowledgements of his thesis, he thanked professors Keith Donnellan, Max Black, and Sydney Shoemaker for their support. He taught philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles (1968–1974) , before joining the faculty at Stanford University (1974–2008) where he is Henry Waldgrave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolic Systems Program
The Symbolic Systems Program or SymSys is a unique degree program at Stanford University for undergraduates and graduate students. It is an interdisciplinary degree encompassing the following: * Computer Science * Linguistics * Mathematics * Philosophy * Psychology * Statistics It is separate from Cognitive Science in that it is more expansive in scope. Notable Stanford Graduates from the Program * Reid Hoffman, the founder of LinkedIn, who graduated on 1990 with a Bachelor of Science degree in symbolic systems and cognitive science. * Marissa Mayer, from CEO of Yahoo from 2012 to 2017, who graduated in 1997 with BS in symbolic systems. * Mike Krieger, the co-founder and former CTO of Instagram, who graduated in 2008 with a Bachelor of Science in the SymSys program. Krieger, in the same year that he was to be awarded his bachelor's degree, won the Barwise Award for Distinguished Contribution to Symbolic Systems. * Scott Forstall, was the software development team leader for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematical Logic
Mathematical logic is the study of Logic#Formal logic, formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of formal systems of logic such as their expressive or deductive power. However, it can also include uses of logic to characterize correct mathematical reasoning or to establish foundations of mathematics. Since its inception, mathematical logic has both contributed to and been motivated by the study of foundations of mathematics. This study began in the late 19th century with the development of axiomatic frameworks for geometry, arithmetic, and Mathematical analysis, analysis. In the early 20th century it was shaped by David Hilbert's Hilbert's program, program to prove the consistency of foundational theories. Results of Kurt Gödel, Gerhard Gentzen, and others provided partial resolution to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handbook Of Mathematical Logic
A handbook is a type of reference work, or other collection of instructions, that is intended to provide ready reference. The term originally applied to a small or portable book containing information useful for its owner, but the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines the current sense as "any book ... giving information such as facts on a particular subject, guidance in some art or occupation, instructions for operating a machine, or information for tourists." accessed 23 March 2017. A handbook is sometimes referred to as a '''' ( |
Language, Proof And Logic
Language, Proof and Logic is an educational software package, devised and written by Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy, geared to teaching formal logic through the use of a tight integration between a textbook (same name as the package) and four software programs, where three of them are logic related (Boole, Fitch and Tarski's World) and the other (Submit) is an internet-based grading service. The name is a pun derived from '' Language, Truth, and Logic'', the philosophy book by A. J. Ayer. On September 2, 2014, there was launched a massive open online course (MOOC) with the same name, which utilizes this educational software package. Description A short description of the programs: * Boole (named after George Boole) - a program that facilitates the construction and checking of truth tables and related notions ( tautology, tautological consequence, etc.); * Fitch (named after Frederic Brenton Fitch) - a natural deduction proof environment in Fitch-style calculus for giving and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Etchemendy
John W. Etchemendy (born 1952) is an American logician and philosopher who served as Stanford University's twelfth Provost (education), Provost. He succeeded John L. Hennessy to the post on September 1, 2000 and stepped down on January 31, 2017. Education and career John Etchemendy received his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Nevada, Reno, before earning his PhD in philosophy at Stanford in 1982. He has been a faculty member in Stanford's Department of Philosophy since 1983, prior to which he was a faculty member in the Philosophy Department at Princeton University. He is also a faculty member of Stanford's Symbolic Systems Program and a senior researcher at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford. At Stanford, Etchemendy served as director of the Center for the Study of Language and Information from 1990 to 1993, senior associate dean in the School of Humanities and Sciences from 1993 to 1997, and chair of the Department of Philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
