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Inykhnum
Inykhnum (also read as Khnum-Iny) was an ancient Egyptian high-ranking official who worked and lived during the transition time between Second and Third Dynasty of Egypt. The king(s) under which he served are not known for certain, the subject being currently highly disputed. Attestations Inykhnum's name appears exclusively in black ink inscriptions on alabaster shards and vessel fragments as well as on a few limestone shards. These artifacts were found beneath the step pyramid in the eastern galleries of the necropolis of pharaoh Djoser (3rd dynasty) at Saqqara and in the great fort Shunet el-Zebib of king Khasekhemwy (end of 2nd dynasty) at Abydos.Pierre Lacau, Jan-Phillip Lauer: ''La Pyramide a Degrees.'' vol. IV, p. 70. Additional findings bearing Inykhnum's name come from two private mastaba tombs at Saqqara and from the pyramid of king Sekhemkhet. The ink inscriptions are short and written in hieratic writings.Wolfgang Helck: ''Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit'' (= ''� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sekhemib
Sekhemib-Perenma'at (or simply Sekhemib), is the Horus name of an early Egyptian king who ruled during the 2nd Dynasty. Similar to his predecessor, successor or co-ruler Seth-Peribsen, Sekhemib is contemporarily well attested in archaeological records, but he does not appear in any posthumous document. The exact length of his reign is unknown and his burial site has yet to be found. Name sources Sekhemib's name is known from seal impressions and from inscriptions on vessels made of alabaster and breccia. They were found in the entrance of Peribsen's tomb at Abydos, in the underground galleries beneath the step pyramid of (3rd Dynasty) king Djoser at Sakkara and on one excavation site at Elephantine.Toby A. H. Wilkinson: ''Early Dynastic Egypt''. Routledge, London und New York 1999, , page 90–91.William Matthew Flinders Petrie & Francis Llewellyn Griffith: ''The royal tombs of the first dynasty''. Volume II., Trübner & Co., London, 1900, page 7, 14, 19, 20 & 48.Pierre La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horus Sa
Horus Sa (also Horus Za, Sa and Za) was a possible early Egyptian pharaoh who may have reigned during the Second or Third Dynasty of Egypt. His existence is disputed, as is the meaning of the artifacts that have been interpreted as confirming his existence. Attestations Horus Sa is known from vessel fragments with black ink inscriptions showing his name. These vessels were found in the east galleries beneath Djoser's pyramid at Saqqara. The inscriptions are short and written in cursive handwritings. In all cases the name "Horus Sa" does not appear within a ''serekh'' and its identification as the Horus-name of a king is disputed. The name "Horus Sa" always appears within the inscription ''Ḥwt-k3 Ḥrw-z3'' ("House of the Ka of Horus Sa"), regularly found together with the names of '' Inykhnum'' and ''Ma'a-aper-Min'', two high-ranking officials who served in the ''Ka''-house. During the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt, the House of the Ka was a forerunner of the mortuary t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nynetjer
Nynetjer (also known as Ninetjer and Banetjer) is the Horus name of the third pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. The length of his reign is unknown. The Turin Canon suggests an improbable reign of 96 yearsAlan H. Gardiner: ''The Royal Canon of Turin''. Griffith Institute of Oxford, Oxford (UK) 1997, ; page 15 & Table I. and Egyptian historian Manetho suggested that Nynetjer's reign lasted 47 years.William Gillian Waddell: ''Manetho (The Loeb Classical Library, Volume 350)''. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2004 (Reprint), , page 37–41. Egyptologists question both statements as misinterpretations or exaggerations. They generally credit Nynetjer with a reign of either 43 years or 45 years. Their estimation is based on the reconstructions of the well known Palermo Stone inscription reporting the years 7–21, the Cairo Stone inscription reporting the years 36–44. According to different authors, Nynetjer ruled Egypt from c. 2850 BC to 2760 BC or later from c. 27 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Egyptian Princes
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500. The three-age system periodizes ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages varies between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was already exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full progress. While in 10,000 BC, the world population stood at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serekh
In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a serekh is a rectangular enclosure representing the niched or gated façade of a palace surmounted by (usually) the Horus falcon, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name. The serekh was the earliest convention used to set apart the royal name in ancient Egyptian iconography, predating the later and better known cartouche by four dynasties and five to seven hundred years. Appearance A serekh was an ornamental vignette combining a view of a palace façade and a plan (top view) of the royal courtyard. The term ''serekh'' derives from the Egyptian word for " facade". Different serekhs on different types of object display countless variations of the façade decor in its complexity and detail. It seems that no strict artistic rules for the design of the serekh itself existed.Jürgen von Beckerath: ''Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen''. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien. Bd. 49. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1999, , p. 7-9.Rolf Gundlach: ''Horu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placenta
The placenta is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation. It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during pregnancy. The placenta connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord, and on the opposite aspect to the maternal uterus in a species-dependent manner. In humans, a thin layer of maternal decidual ( endometrial) tissue comes away with the placenta when it is expelled from the uterus following birth (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the 'maternal part' of the placenta). Placentas are a defining characteristic of placental mammals, but are also found in marsupials and some non-mammals with varying levels of development. Mammalian placentas probably first evolved about 150 million to 200 millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peribsen
Seth-Peribsen (also known as Ash-Peribsen, Peribsen and Perabsen) is the serekh name of an early Egyptian monarch (pharaoh), who ruled during the Second Dynasty of Egypt (c. 2890 – c. 2686 BC). His chronological position within this dynasty is unknown and it is disputed who ruled both before and after him. The duration of his reign is also unknown. Peribsen's name is unusual, in that Set, not Horus, was his patron deity. This goes against the Egyptian tradition of a king choosing the falcon-shaped deity Horus as his royal patron. Peribsen's tomb was discovered in 1898 at Abydos. It was well preserved and showed traces of restoration undertaken during later dynastic periods. Attestations Contemporaneous sources The serekh for Peribsen was found pressed in earthen jar seals made of clay and mud and in inscriptions on alabaster, sandstone, porphyry and black schist vessels. These seals and vessels were excavated from Peribsen's tomb and at an excavation site in Eleph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Kingdom Of Egypt
In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2700–2200 BC. It is also known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders", as it encompasses the reigns of the great pyramid-builders of the Fourth Dynasty, such as King Sneferu, who perfected the art of pyramid-building, and the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, who constructed the pyramids at Giza. Egypt attained its first sustained peak of civilization during the Old Kingdom, the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods (followed by the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom), which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley. The concept of an "Old Kingdom" as one of three "golden ages" was coined in 1845 by the German Egyptologist Baron von Bunsen, and its definition would evolve significantly throughout the 19th and the 20th centuries. Not only was the last king of the Early Dynastic Period related to the first two kings of the Old Kingdom, but the "capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfgang Helck
Hans Wolfgang Helck (16 September 1914 – 27 August 1993) was a German Egyptologist, considered one of the most important Egyptologists of the 20th century. From 1956 until his retirement in 1979 he was a professor at the University of Hamburg. He remained active after his retirement and together with Wolfhart Westendorf published the German ''Lexikon der Ägyptologie'' (Encyclopedia of Egyptology), completed in 1992. He published many books and articles on the history of Egyptian and Near Eastern culture. He was a member of the German Archaeological Institute and a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Warren R. Dawson / Eric P. Uphill / M. L. Bierbrier, ''Who was who in Egyptology'', 3rd edition, The Egypt Exploration Society, London 1995, p. 198 Helck was the son of philologist Hans Helck. He studied at the University of Leipzig under Georg Steindorff and at the University of Göttingen under Hermann Kees, completing his studies in 1938. He was a prisoner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Kaplony
Peter Árpád Kaplony (June 15, 1933 in Budapest – February 11, 2011 in Zurich) was a Hungarian-born Swiss egyptologist. Life Kaplony, son of a Hungarian military officer, emigrated to Switzerland as a child in December 1944. He became a Swiss citizen in 1958. He studied Ancient History, Egyptology, Arabic language and Arabic literature in the University of Zurich and University of Basel. He participated in the excavations of the Sun temple of Userkaf in Abusir from 1954 until 1957 with a joint Swiss and German team of archeologists. In 1959, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zurich and, in 1964, his Habilitation. From 1970 until his retirement in 2000, Kaplony was assistant professor and then professor emeritus of Egyptology at the Oriental Institute of the University of Zurich. His studies were especially focused on the pre-dynastic and early dynastic periods of Egypt and he published mostly in German and Swiss research journals. Publications *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilona Regulski
''Ilona'' is a Hungarian female given name, the traditional name of the Queen of the Fairies in Magyar folklore. Its etymology is uncertain. A common theory is that Ilona is cognate with the Greek given name '' Helen''. Diminutive forms include ''Ilonka'' and ''Ilike''. Ilona is a common name in Finland,There are 25,000 women named Ilona in the Finnish Population RegisterName service/ref> where it is considered to refer to the Finnish word ''ilo'' ("joy") and ''ilona'' literally means "as a joy o someone. It is also common in Latvia, Estonia, France, Lithuania and Poland ( formerly in crown union with Hungary). People *Archduchess Ilona of Austria (1927-2011) * Ilona Andrews, joint pen name of American novelist duo Ilona and Andrew Gordon * Ilona Csáková (born 1970), Czech pop singer * Ilona Eibenschütz (1872–1967), Hungarian pianist * Ilona Elek (1907–1988), Hungarian world and Olympic champion saber fencer * Ilona Fehér (1901–1988), Hungarian violinist and teacher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
