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Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation
The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian / Malay name, ''Konfrontasi'') was an armed conflict from 1963 to 1966 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of the Federation of Malaysia. After Indonesian president Sukarno was deposed in 1966, the dispute ended peacefully and the nation of Malaysia was formed. The creation of Malaysia was a merger of the Federation of Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia), Singapore and the British crown colonies of North Borneo and Sarawak (collectively known as British Borneo, now East Malaysia) in September 1963. Vital precursors to the conflict included Indonesia's policy of confrontation against Dutch New Guinea from March–August 1962 and the Indonesia-backed Brunei revolt in December 1962. Malaysia had direct military support from Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand. Indonesia had indirect support from the USSR and China, thus making it an episode of the Cold Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formation Of Malaysia
The Malaysia Agreement or the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore (MA63) was the agreement which combined North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore with the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, the resulting union being named Malaysia.''See'': The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United KingdoMalaysia Act 1963/ref>''See'': The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United KingdoFederation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 (c. 60)/ref> Singapore was later expelled from Malaysia, becoming an independent state on 9 August 1965. Background The Malayan Union was established by the British Malaya and comprised the Federated Malay States of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang; the Unfederated Malay States of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu, Johor; and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It came in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Colony Of North Borneo
The Crown Colony of North Borneo was a British Crown colony on the island of Borneo established in 1946 shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration. The Crown Colony of Labuan joined the new Crown Colony during its formation. It was succeeded as the state of Sabah through the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Cession of remaining islands On 16 October 1947, seven of the British-controlled islands in north-eastern Borneo named Turtle Islands, together with the Mangsee Islands, were ceded to the Philippine government under a past treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United States. The islands now form a part of the Southwestern Tagalog Region (MIMAROPA) and Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Administration The Governor of the Crown Colony of North Borneo ( Malay: Tuan Yang Terutama Gabenor Koloni Mahkota British Borneo Utara) was the position created by the British Government upon th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunku Osman
Tunku Tan Sri Osman (24 November 1919 – 19 April 1994) was the first Malaysian Armed Forces Chief of Staff. He is a nephew of Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia's first Prime Minister as well as a cousin, first cousin to the late Abdul Halim of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Halim, the late Tunku Abdul Malik, the late Tunku Annuar and Sallehuddin of Kedah, Sultan Sallehuddin since their fathers and Tunku Abdul Rahman, The Tunku are brothers (paternal half siblings). General Tunku Osman was known for his strong principles and self-discipline as well as highly respected by the ranks and files of the army. Background Tunku Osman received his early education at the Hutchin School, Penang and later enrolled into the Sultan Abdul Hamid College (SAHC), Alor Star, Kedah. In March 1935, he furthered his studies at the Bristol Grammar School, England. There, he was taken care of and guided by Reginald James MacGregor. When the war broke in Europe, Tunku Osman showed his interest in joining the armed fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Razak Hussein
Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Dato' Hussein ( ms, عبد الرزاق بن حسين, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; 11 March 1922 – 14 January 1976) was a Malaysian lawyer and politician who served as the 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia from September 1970 until his death in January 1976. He also served as the first deputy prime minister of Malaysia from August 1957 to September 1970. He is referred to as the Father of Development (''Bapa Pembangunan''). Abdul Razak was the figure responsible for setting up Barisan Nasional (BN), which is the ruling coalition of political parties that held power in Malaysia. Abdul Razak is also renowned for launching the Malaysian New Economic Policy (MNEP). His eldest son, Najib Razak, became the sixth prime minister in 2009; Najib is the first prime minister of Malaysia to be a descendant of a former prime minister. Early life and education Born in Kampung Pulau Keladi, a village located northwest of Pekan, Pahang on 11 March 1922, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ( ms, تونكو عبد الرحمن ڤوترا الحاج ابن سلطان عبد الحميد حليم شاه, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; 8 February 19036 December 1990) was a Malaysian statesman and lawyer who served as the 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia and the head of government of its predecessor states from 1955 to 1970. He was the first chief minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1955 to 1957. He supervised the independence process that culminated on 31 August 1957. As Malaya's first prime minister he dominated politics there for the next 13 years. In 1963, he successfully incorporated the Federation of Malaya, British North Borneo (renamed Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore into the state of Malaysia. However, tensions between the Malay and Chinese communities resulted in Singapore's expulsion in 1965. His poor performance during race riots in Kuala Lumpur in 1969 led to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Nasiruddin Of Terengganu
Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Zainal Abidin III Mu’azzam Shah ( Jawi: ; 27 January 1907 – 20 September 1979) was the fourth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and the sixteenth Sultan of Terengganu. Early career The date of his birth has been given as either 16 March 1906 or as 24 January 1907, the latter being the one more often used. Born in Kuala Terengganu, he was the fifth, but third surviving, son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III ibni Sultan Ahmad II (reigned 1881–1918). His mother was a Thai Muslim convert, ''Cik'' Maimuna binti Abdullah, who died in 1918. Educated at the Kuala Terengganu Malay School, he then went to the Malay College. In 1929, he entered the Terengganu administrative service. In 1934, he was appointed Assistant Collector of Land Revenue in Kuala Terengganu. In 1935, he became aide-de-camp to his elder half brother Sultan Sulaiman, accompanying him to the coronation of King George VI on 12 May 1937. In 1939, he b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuanku Syed Putra
Tuanku Syed Harun Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail ( Jawi: ; 25 November 1920 – 16 April 2000) was the third Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya, and later of Malaysia and sixth Raja of Perlis. Early career He was the son of Syed Hassan bin Syed Mahmud Jamalullail (1897–18 October 1935), sometime ''Bakal Raja'' or heir presumptive to the throne of Perlis, by his commoner wife Wan Teh binti Wan Endut (1898 – 27 December 1952). Born in Arau, he was educated at the Arau Malay School and later at Penang Free School between 1937 and 1939. At the age of 18, he joined the Perlis administrative service, becoming a magistrate and in 1940, was transferred to Kuala Lumpur to serve as Second Magistrate in the Criminal Court. The Perlis Succession Dispute The fourth Raja of Perlis, Syed Alwi ibni Syed Safi Jamalullail (born 1881; reigned 1905–1943) was childless. However, he had several half-brothers who were competing for the role of heir presumptive. The succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Kalimantan National Army
Brunei People's Party (Malay: ''Parti Rakyat Brunei, PRB'') is a banned political party in Brunei. PRB was established as a left leaning party in 1956 and aimed to bring Brunei into full independence from the United Kingdom. The party sought to democratise the government by shifting the national leadership from the palace to the people. Formation Brunei People's Party was established, initially, as a branch of the Malayan People's Party (MPP) on 21 January 1956, at the house owned by a prominent leader, H.M. Salleh at Kampong Kianggeh, Brunei Town, two months after MPP was founded in Malaya. About 150 people attended the event. Some of them include Manan bin Muhammad, Muhammad bin Sulaiman, Zaini bin Haji Ahmad, Jais bin Haji Karim, Muhammad Jamaluddin, H.B. Hidup and Jasin bin Affandy. The meeting was chaired by A.M. Azahari, and assisted by H.M. Salleh. Radical influences from Malaya In early July 1955, A.M. Azahari had visited the Malay Peninsula and Singapore. While in Sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunei People's Party
Brunei People's Party (Malay: ''Parti Rakyat Brunei, PRB'') is a banned political party in Brunei. PRB was established as a left leaning party in 1956 and aimed to bring Brunei into full independence from the United Kingdom. The party sought to democratise the government by shifting the national leadership from the palace to the people. Formation Brunei People's Party was established, initially, as a branch of the Malayan People's Party (MPP) on 21 January 1956, at the house owned by a prominent leader, H.M. Salleh at Kampong Kianggeh, Brunei Town, two months after MPP was founded in Malaya. About 150 people attended the event. Some of them include Manan bin Muhammad, Muhammad bin Sulaiman, Zaini bin Haji Ahmad, Jais bin Haji Karim, Muhammad Jamaluddin, H.B. Hidup and Jasin bin Affandy. The meeting was chaired by A.M. Azahari, and assisted by H.M. Salleh. Radical influences from Malaya In early July 1955, A.M. Azahari had visited the Malay Peninsula and Singapore. While in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Kalimantan People's Army
The North Kalimantan Communist Party (abbr. NKCP) was a communist political party based in the Malaysian state of Sarawak in northern Borneo. It was formally founded on 19 September 1971. Before that, the group had been operating under the name Sarawak People's Guerrillas. The chairman of the NKCP was Wen Ming Chyuan and the party enjoyed close links with the People's Republic of China. The NKCP's membership was predominantly ethnically Chinese. The two military formations of the NKCP were the Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF) or ''Pasukan Gerilya Rakyat Sarawak'' (PGRS), and the North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA) or the ''Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara'' (PARAKU). The NKCP participated in the Sarawak Communist Insurgency (1962–1990). On 17 October 1990, the North Kalimantan Communist Party signed a peace agreement with the Sarawak state government, formally ending the Sarawak Communist Insurgency. Name The organisation was initially referred to by its members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force
The North Kalimantan Communist Party (abbr. NKCP) was a communist political party based in the Malaysian state of Sarawak in northern Borneo. It was formally founded on 19 September 1971. Before that, the group had been operating under the name Sarawak People's Guerrillas. The chairman of the NKCP was Wen Ming Chyuan and the party enjoyed close links with the People's Republic of China. The NKCP's membership was predominantly ethnically Chinese. The two military formations of the NKCP were the Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF) or ''Pasukan Gerilya Rakyat Sarawak'' (PGRS), and the North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA) or the ''Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara'' (PARAKU). The NKCP participated in the Sarawak Communist Insurgency (1962–1990). On 17 October 1990, the North Kalimantan Communist Party signed a peace agreement with the Sarawak state government, formally ending the Sarawak Communist Insurgency. Name The organisation was initially referred to by its members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Kalimantan Communist Party
The North Kalimantan Communist Party (abbr. NKCP) was a communist political party based in the Malaysian state of Sarawak in northern Borneo. It was formally founded on 19 September 1971. Before that, the group had been operating under the name Sarawak People's Guerrillas. The chairman of the NKCP was Wen Ming Chyuan and the party enjoyed close links with the People's Republic of China. The NKCP's membership was predominantly ethnically Chinese. The two military formations of the NKCP were the Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF) or ''Pasukan Gerilya Rakyat Sarawak'' (PGRS), and the North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA) or the ''Pasukan Rakyat Kalimantan Utara'' (PARAKU). The NKCP participated in the Sarawak Communist Insurgency (1962–1990). On 17 October 1990, the North Kalimantan Communist Party signed a peace agreement with the Sarawak state government, formally ending the Sarawak Communist Insurgency. Name The organisation was initially referred to by its members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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